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Questions and Answers
What is the final product of the coagulation system?
What is the function of the fibrinolytic system?
Why are cofactors necessary in the coagulation cascade?
What is the purpose of the coagulation inhibition system?
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What is the result of plasmin enzymatically attacking the fibrin molecule?
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What is the significance of the Roman numeral designation of coagulation factors?
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What is the name of the active form of Factor I?
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What is the role of macrophages in the fibrinolytic system?
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What is the result of the contraction or retraction of the clot?
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What is the primary function of hemostasis in the body?
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What is the term for an imbalance in hemostasis that leads to excessive bleeding?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the hemostasis system?
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What is the result of a failure in the coagulation inhibition system?
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What is the purpose of the fibrinolytic system in hemostasis?
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What is the primary function of vasoconstriction following a vascular injury?
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What is the term for the first stage of hemostasis?
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What is the consequence of a deficiency in the vascular system during hemostasis?
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What is the primary component of the primary hemostatic plug?
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What is the role of Factor XIII in the coagulation process?
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What is the balance maintained by the hemostasis system?
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What is the outcome of the secondary hemostasis stage?
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What is the process of removing the clot following wound healing?
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What are the three pathways that compose the coagulation system?
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What is the outcome of the primary hemostasis stage?
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What is the role of platelets in the primary hemostasis stage?
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Study Notes
Coagulation System
- Composed of 14 coagulation factors (serine proteases) which are interdependent (Factors I through XIII – there is no Factor VI – and PK and HMWK)
- Inactive form of each is an enzyme precursor which is usually designated by a Roman numeral and given a name (e.g. Factor I - fibrinogen)
- Active forms are usually designated by the letter “a” after the Roman numeral and may also have a different name (e.g. Ia - Fibrin)
- Cofactors are needed for many reactions in the cascade (e.g. Calcium, platelet factor 3 (PF3))
- Each molecule must be present in sufficient quantity as well as functioning normally
- Final product is fibrin mesh or clot which completely stops bleeding
Fibrinolytic System
- Fibrin is a product formed during hemostasis, tissue repair or inflammation
- Once injury heals, the fibrin clot is lysed
- Plasmin enzymatically attacks the fibrin molecule producing fibrin degradation products (FDPs, sometimes called FSPs) that are cleared from the circulation by macrophages
Coagulation Inhibition System
- Function: to provide balance and control of clotting mechanisms
Hemostasis
- Process of retaining blood within the vascular system
- Repairs injury to blood vessels
- Stops or prevents blood loss
- Balance of Hemostasis: balance of bleeding (hemorrhaging) and clotting (thrombosis)
- Imbalance in one direction can lead to: bleeding (hypocoagulable state) or thrombosis (hypercoagulable state)
Hemostasis Components
- Vascular System: controls rate of blood flow
- Platelet System: interaction of vasculature and platelets form a temporary plug
- Coagulation System: forms a stable insoluble plug (i.e. fibrin forming)
- Fibrinolytic System: fibrin lysing
- Coagulation Inhibition System: natural inhibitors control fibrin formation and fibrin lysis
Stages of Hemostasis
- Primary Hemostasis: process of blood clotting in response to vascular injury
- Secondary Hemostasis: actions of the protein coagulation factors form fibrin in response to injury
- Fibrinolysis: clot is removed following healing of wound
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Description
Test your understanding of hemostasis, the process of retaining blood within the vascular system, including the balance between bleeding and clotting. This quiz covers the concepts of hypocoagulable and hypercoagulable states, and how they relate to hemostasis.
