ملخص الكيمياء العضوية الصيدلانية

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary element present in organic compounds?

Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Carbon (correct)

Organic compounds are typically obtained from which of the following sources?

Living organisms only
Artificial synthesis only
Both living (plants/animals) and non-living sources (correct)
Non-living things only

What is a hydrocarbon?

A compound containing carbon and oxygen
A compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (correct)
A compound containing hydrogen and oxygen
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen

What type of bond is most common in organic compounds?

Covalent bond (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organic compounds?

Always containing oxygen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key element that differentiates organic compounds from inorganic compounds?

Carbon (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond involves the complete transfer of electrons between atoms?

Ionic bond (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons unequally?

Polar covalent bond (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about a sigma (σ) bond?

It is formed by head-to-head overlapping of orbitals. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a pi (π) bond?

It is formed by lateral overlapping of p orbitals. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A triple bond consists of:

One sigma bond and two pi bonds (B), One sigma bond and two pi bonds (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which bond type is most likely to form between two atoms with very high electronegativity differences?

Ionic bond (B) Signup and view all the answers

Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in specific regions called:

Orbitals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of electrons that an orbital can hold?

2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom are called:

Valence electrons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the chemical reactivity of an atom?

The number of valence electrons (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which orbital type has a spherical shape?

s-orbital (B) Signup and view all the answers

The orbitals are grouped in shells represented by:

Numbers (1, 2, 3, ...) (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons can the p-subshell hold?

6 (D) Signup and view all the answers

The electrons that are not in the outermost shell are called:

Core electrons (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons can the d-subshell accommodate?

10 (B) Signup and view all the answers

The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve:

A full valence shell of 8 electrons (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements naturally satisfies the octet rule without forming compounds?

Neon (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the octet rule, how does sodium (Na) achieve stability?

Loses 1 electron (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is most commonly formed when the octet rule is satisfied by the sharing of electrons?

Covalent bond (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule satisfies the octet rule for all its atoms?

CO2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions satisfies the octet rule?

Cl- (A) Signup and view all the answers

Electronegativity is defined as the ability of an atom to:

Attract electrons in a chemical bond (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the periodic table, electronegativity generally:

Increases from left to right and decreases down a group (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

Fluorine (F) (D) Signup and view all the answers

If the electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms is greater than 2.0, the bond is likely to be:

Ionic (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which bond is the most polar?

H-F (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to electronegativity as you move down a group in the periodic table?

It decreases (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a polar covalent bond, the shared electrons are:

More attracted to the atom with higher electronegativity (D) Signup and view all the answers

The electronegativity difference in a nonpolar covalent bond is:

Less than 0.5 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is formed when two atoms with the same electronegativity share electrons?

Nonpolar covalent bond (D) Signup and view all the answers

Electronegativity values are highest for elements in which group of the periodic table?

Halogens (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

الكيمياء العضوية

كيمياء مركبات الكربون، وتشمل الهيدروكربونات (C-H).

بروتونات

جسيمات موجبة الشحنة توجد في نواة الذرة.