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Questions and Answers
What distinguishes a pure substance from a mixture?
Which of the following is an example of a colloid?
What role does an emulsifier play in a mixture?
Which of the following solutions is considered concentrated?
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What characterizes a suspension?
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What is a key feature of insoluble substances?
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How would you characterize a solution where a smaller amount of solute has been added?
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Which method would best separate iron fillings from a mixture of iron fillings and sand?
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What is the primary purpose of a flocculant like aluminium sulfate in a colloid?
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During the process of filtration, what is left behind on the filter paper?
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What occurs during the process of distillation?
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What is the result of the evaporation process?
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What does centrifuging achieve in a mixture?
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What is the main difference between filtrate and distillate?
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Which statement best describes flotation?
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What is the role of filter paper in filtration?
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Study Notes
Mixtures
- A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in any proportion.
- Lemonade is an example of a mixture, containing water, lemon juice, and sugar.
Pure Substances
- A pure substance contains only one type of particle.
- Sugar is a pure substance because it is made up of only sugar particles.
Solutions
- A solution is a mixture where one substance is dissolved evenly throughout another.
- Cordial is a solution because the cordial particles are dissolved evenly through the water.
Suspensions
- A suspension is a mixture where a solid is spread throughout a liquid.
- Muddy water is a suspension because the dirt particles are spread evenly throughout the water.
- The solid particles in a suspension can settle to the bottom and form a sediment.
Colloids
- A colloid is a mixture where particles are too small to settle or be removed by filtering.
- Hot chocolate is a colloid because the hot chocolate powder particles are too small to sink to the bottom.
Emulsions
- An emulsion is a type of colloid where the particles of one liquid are spread evenly throughout another liquid.
- Milk is an emulsion because the fat particles are suspended in another liquid.
Emulsifiers
- An emulsifier is a chemical that changes the properties of a substance to help them combine with each other.
- Eggs are emulsifiers. When mixed with oil and water, they change the properties of the oil and water so they can mix together.
Soluble and Insoluble Substances
- Soluble substances dissolve in a liquid.
- Sugar is soluble because it dissolves in water and you can no longer see the sugar particles.
- Insoluble substances do not dissolve in a liquid.
- Dirt is insoluble because it does not dissolve in water and you can still see the dirt particles.
Solutes and Solvents
- The solute is the substance that is being dissolved into a solvent.
- In sugary water, the solute is sugar and the solvent is water.
Concentrated and Dilute Solutions
- A concentrated solution has a high amount of solute dissolved in the solvent.
- A tablespoon of sugar dissolved in 200ml of water is a concentrated solution.
- A dilute solution has a small amount of solute dissolved in the solvent.
- A pinch of sugar dissolved in 200ml of water is a dilute solution.
Separation Techniques
Magnetic Separation
- Used to separate magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials.
- For example, iron fillings can be separated from sand using a magnet.
Decanting
- Carefully pouring off a liquid, leaving behind a solid that has settled to the bottom.
- For example, you can decant water from a beaker of rocks and water.
Flotation
- Separation based on the density of the components.
- Less dense components will float on top of a more dense liquid.
- For example, foam floats on top of water because it has a lower density than water.
Flocculation
- Using a flocculant chemical to clump together suspended particles, causing them to sink to the bottom.
- Aluminum sulfate is a flocculant. When added to a colloid, it causes the particles to sink to the bottom.
Filtering
- Separating a mixture by pouring it through a filter paper.
- The liquid that passes through the filter paper is called the filtrate.
- The solid particles that remain on the filter paper are called the residue.
- For example, you can filter water from a mixture of water and chalk.
Centrifuging
- Spinning a mixture very quickly to separate components based on their mass or density.
- Heavier components will settle to the bottom of the centrifuge tube, while lighter components will stay at the top.
- For example, spinning blood in a centrifuge will separate the red blood cells (which are heavier) from the plasma (lighter).
Evaporation
- The process of changing a liquid into a gas.
- This can be used to separate a dissolved solid from a liquid.
- For example, evaporating salt water will leave behind salt crystals.
Crystallisation
- The process of evaporating the solvent from a solution, leaving behind crystals of the solute.
- For example, evaporating salt water will result in crystallisation of the salt.
Distillation
- Separating a mixture by boiling it and then condensing the vapor.
- The substance with the lower boiling point will evaporate first and be collected as the distillate.
- For example, boiling wine will separate the alcohol (which has a lower boiling point) from the other components.
- The liquid that is collected after condensation is called the distillate.
Condensation
- The process of changing a gas into a liquid.
- This occurs during distillation.
- The vaporized liquid cools and condenses back into a liquid in the condenser.
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of mixtures, pure substances, solutions, suspensions, and colloids. Explore different types of mixtures with examples like lemonade and muddy water. Test your understanding of these fundamental chemistry concepts.
