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Questions and Answers
How does the composition of a homogeneous mixture differ from that of a heterogeneous mixture?
How does the composition of a homogeneous mixture differ from that of a heterogeneous mixture?
In a homogeneous mixture, the composition is uniform throughout, while in a heterogeneous mixture, the composition varies.
Explain the role of an emulsifier in creating an emulsion.
Explain the role of an emulsifier in creating an emulsion.
An emulsifier stabilizes an emulsion by helping to mix two immiscible liquids.
Describe the key difference between a suspension and a solution.
Describe the key difference between a suspension and a solution.
In a suspension, the solid particles are large enough to be seen and will settle over time, whereas in a solution, the particles are dissolved and the mixture is clear.
How does filtration work to separate a mixture, and what type of mixture is best suited for this method?
How does filtration work to separate a mixture, and what type of mixture is best suited for this method?
Explain why distillation is an effective method for separating alcohol and water.
Explain why distillation is an effective method for separating alcohol and water.
Describe a scenario where you would use the 'settle and pour' method to separate a mixture.
Describe a scenario where you would use the 'settle and pour' method to separate a mixture.
Explain how extraction works as a separation method, and provide an example of a mixture that can be separated using this technique.
Explain how extraction works as a separation method, and provide an example of a mixture that can be separated using this technique.
Why are noble metals used as sacrificial metals? Briefly explain the process.
Why are noble metals used as sacrificial metals? Briefly explain the process.
What characteristic do elements in column 17, also known as halogens, share?
What characteristic do elements in column 17, also known as halogens, share?
Why are elements in column 18 referred to as noble gasses?
Why are elements in column 18 referred to as noble gasses?
Flashcards
Mixture
Mixture
A substance comprised of two or more elements or compounds that are physically combined but not chemically reacted.
Homogeneous mixture
Homogeneous mixture
A mixture where the composition is uniform throughout, meaning you cannot see the different parts.
Solution
Solution
A clear homogeneous mixture of a substance dissolved in a liquid.
Alloy
Alloy
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Heterogeneous mixture
Heterogeneous mixture
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Emulsion
Emulsion
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Emulsifier
Emulsifier
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Suspension
Suspension
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Filtration
Filtration
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Distillation
Distillation
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Study Notes
Mixtures
- A mixture consists of two or more substances.
Homogeneous Mixtures
- Mixtures where you can't see the different parts.
- Composition is uniform throughout the mixture.
- Example solution: lemonade.
Alloys
- Mixtures of metals are melted and mixed in their liquid state
- For example: bronze
Heterogeneous Mixtures
- Mixtures of two or more substances are combined, but not dissolved together.
Emulsions
- Turbid mixture of two liquids.
- For example: Mayonnaise.
- An emulsifier is a substance that helps mix two immiscible liquids.
Suspensions
- Turbid mixture of a solid in a liquid
- Example: orange juice.
Types of Mixtures
- Smoke: solid in gas.
- Mist: liquid in gas.
- Foam: gas in liquid/solid.
- Aerosol: liquid in gas.
- Gas mixture: gas in gas.
- Foam or solution: gas in liquid
- Solid foam: gas in solid
- Emulsion or solution: liquid in liquid
- Solid emulsion (gel): liquid in solid
- Suspension or solution: solid in liquid
- Powder mixture or alloy, solid in solid
Separation Methods
- Settle and pour separates suspensions and emulsions based on density, where heavier particles settle.
- Centrifugation separates suspensions and emulsions based on density, using spinning to separate layers.
- Filtration separates suspensions (e.g., sand in water) based on particle size.
- Extraction separates a mixture of solids based on solubility in different solvents.
- Evaporation gets the solute from a solution based on boiling point, where the solvent evaporates.
- Distillation separates liquid-liquid solutions (e.g., alcohol & water) based on boiling point.
Reactivity of Metals
- Noble metals are not reactive and do not react with water, acid, or oxygen.
- Semi-noble metals react with oxygen.
- Non-noble metals react with water, acid and oxygen.
- A sacrificial metal, a noble metal, is used to protect a non-noble metal.
Periodic Table
- The periodic table has columns, rows, and groups.
- Column 1 (excluding Hydrogen) are alkali metals, they react violently with water.
- Column 17 are halogens and exist in pairs.
- Column 18 are noble gasses, they do not react.
- Rows are periods, and there are 7 periods.
- The atomic size increases as you move down the periodic table.
Systematic Names
- Systematic names use an "-ide" suffix, index rules, greek counting words, and conventions for diatomic elements.
Trivial Names
- Examples: methane, water, ammonia, ethanol, soda, glucose, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid.
- The following words have a -ide suffix: Oxide, Sulphide, Bromide, Fluoride, Chloride, Iodide, Nitride
Chemical Formulas
- The first element in a chemical formula never gets the "-ide" suffix, only the second element.
- Prefixes used in naming compounds: Mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa.
Diatomic Elements
- Diatomic elements: H, N, F, O, I, Cl, Br
Trivial Names and Formulas
- Water: H2O
- Ammonia: NH3
- Glucose: C6H12O6
- Ethanol (Alcohol): C2H5OH
- Soda: NaHCO3
- Carbonic acid: H2CO3
- Sulfuric acid: H2SO4
- Phosphoric acid: H3PO4
- Methane: CH4
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