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Questions and Answers
Match the following characteristics with the type of mixture:
Match the following characteristics with the type of mixture:
Homogeneous mixture = Extremely small particle size Heterogeneous mixture = Particles of solute settle over time Colloids = Particles range from 1 nanometer to 1 micrometer Solvent layers = Do not intermix in heterogeneous mixtures
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Homogeneous mixture = Particles are completely mixed in the layers of the solvent Heterogeneous mixture = Solute particles settle at the bottom of the solvent Colloids = Appear homogeneous but are heterogeneous Solute particles = In heterogeneous mixtures, these do not intermix in the solvent
Match the following examples with their mixture types:
Match the following examples with their mixture types:
Saltwater = Homogeneous mixture Oil and water = Heterogeneous mixture Milk = Colloid Sand in water = Heterogeneous mixture
Match the following statements with the correct mixture types:
Match the following statements with the correct mixture types:
Match the following types of mixtures with their properties:
Match the following types of mixtures with their properties:
Match the following examples with their mixture types:
Match the following examples with their mixture types:
Match the following terms with their characteristics:
Match the following terms with their characteristics:
Match the following states of matter with their mixture types:
Match the following states of matter with their mixture types:
Match the following mixture types with their influence on processes:
Match the following mixture types with their influence on processes:
Match the following mixture types with their examples:
Match the following mixture types with their examples:
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Study Notes
Definitions
- Homogeneous Mixture: A mixture where solute particles are evenly distributed and indistinguishable from the solvent.
- Heterogeneous Mixture: A mixture with visibly different phases, where solute particles do not uniformly blend with the solvent.
Particle Size and Mixing
- Homogeneous Mixtures: Characterized by extremely small solute particles, usually in the range of 1 nanometer to 1 micrometer.
- Heterogeneous Mixtures: Contain larger solute particles that can be observed; they do not intermix and can settle at the bottom.
Appearance and Behavior
- Colloids: A special case of heterogeneous mixtures where particles are small enough to appear homogeneous due to their size but still remain distinct over time.
- Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Appearance: Homogeneous mixtures appear uniform, while heterogeneous mixtures show distinct layers or particles.
Intermixing of Layers
- In homogeneous mixtures, solute particles integrate completely within the solvent layers.
- In heterogeneous mixtures, solute particles remain separate and do not intermingle with the solvent layers.
Mixtures in Chemistry
- Mixtures consist of two or more substances that are physically combined, not chemically bonded.
- Example of a mixture: A salad with lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, and Parmesan cheese retains the individual identities and chemical compositions of its components.
Homogeneous Mixtures
- Defined as having a uniform composition throughout, meaning no distinct clumps of substances are present.
- All substances in a homogeneous mixture exist in one state of matter; for instance, liquids with liquids or solids with solids.
- Example: Salt water, where the salt is evenly distributed and cannot be distinguished from the water.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
- Characterized by non-uniform composition, often containing distinct regions with varying amounts of components.
- These mixtures may have clumps of a single substance, making separation visually apparent.
- Components can exist in multiple states of matter simultaneously, such as solid in liquid or liquid with gas.
- Example: Oil and vinegar salad dressing, where oil droplets remain separate from vinegar.
Impact of Heterogeneity
- Affects chemical reaction rates and efficiency in processes.
- Influences physical properties like the strength of concrete, adhesion of paint, and texture of food and beverages.
Critical Solution Temperature (CST)
- Some mixtures can switch from homogeneous to heterogeneous under specific conditions, such as temperature changes.
- Polymer solutions, for instance, are homogeneous when polymer chains are dissolved but can become heterogeneous if the temperature decreases or the solvent changes, leading to polymer aggregation.
- An upper critical solution temperature (UCST) refers to the temperature above which the polymer remains dissolved.
- A lower critical solution temperature (LCST) indicates the temperature below which the polymer begins to precipitate out of the solution.
Phase Separation in Molecular Liquids
- Various molecular liquids can initially form homogeneous mixtures but may phase-separate under altered conditions (e.g., water and oil).
- This results in distinct droplets of one liquid dispersed within another, leading to a heterogeneous mixture with varied composition.
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