Mixtures and Solutions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

  • Salt and sulphur
  • Sodium chloride and iron filings
  • Salt dissolved in water (correct)
  • Oil and water

Heterogeneous mixtures have uniform composition throughout.

False (B)

What is a mixture?

A substance consisting of two or more pure components that are physically combined.

Mixtures are constituted by more than ______ kind of pure form of matter.

<p>one</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of mixture with its description:

<p>Homogeneous Mixture = Uniform composition throughout Heterogeneous Mixture = Non-uniform composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of homogeneous mixtures?

<p>They have uniform composition throughout. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The intensity of color in a homogeneous mixture is always the same, regardless of the amounts of components.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give two examples of heterogeneous mixtures.

<p>Sodium chloride and iron filings, oil and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the Tyndall effect?

<p>Scattering of light by particles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Particles in a suspension are not visible to the naked eye.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two components make up a colloidal solution?

<p>dispersed phase and dispersion medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a suspension?

<p>A heterogeneous mixture in which solute particles do not dissolve and remain suspended (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scattering of a beam of light is called the ______ effect.

<p>tyndall</p> Signup and view all the answers

Colloidal particles can be separated by filtration.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following:

<p>Suspension = Heterogeneous mixture with visible particles Tyndall effect = Scattering of light by particles in a colloid Colloid = Cannot be separated by filtration Centrifugation = Used to separate colloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the Tyndall effect in nature?

<p>Sunlight passing through the canopy of a dense forest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is produced by Group I when dilute sulphuric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid is added?

<p>Hydrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The composition of a compound can vary throughout the sample.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a mixture where the components are not uniformly distributed?

<p>heterogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

The major component of a solution is called the _______.

<p>solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Solute = The minor component of a solution Solvent = The major component of a solution Suspension = A heterogeneous mixture with visible particles Compound = Substance with totally different properties compared to the combining elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics describes hydrogen sulphide gas?

<p>Colourless with the smell of rotten eggs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The properties of a mixture are different from those of its constituents.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of separation techniques are used for mixtures to be separated into pure substances?

<p>Appropriate techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the chromatography process described?

<p>To separate dyes in black ink (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dyes in black ink are soluble in water, which allows them to rise on filter paper.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the thermometer measure during the distillation process?

<p>Temperature of the mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

The colored component that is more soluble in _______ rises faster during chromatography.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does the thermometer reading become constant during heating?

<p>At the boiling point of the liquid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fractional distillation is used to separate components of a mixture with similar boiling points.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method called that is used for separating miscible liquids based on their boiling points?

<p>Distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their descriptions:

<p>Chromatography = Separation of dyes in a solution Distillation = Separation of miscible liquids with different boiling points Condensation = Process of changing vapor back to liquid Absorption = Process of a liquid taking in a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of metals?

<p>Poor conductors of heat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mercury is a metal that is solid at room temperature.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two groups of materials formed in the given activity with iron filings and sulphur?

<p>Group I and Group II</p> Signup and view all the answers

Non-metals are usually __________ conductors of heat and electricity.

<p>poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements with their classification:

<p>Gold = Metal Oxygen = Non-metal Silicon = Metalloid Copper = Metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is NOT characteristic of non-metals?

<p>Lustre (shine) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal is liquid at room temperature?

<p>Mercury</p> Signup and view all the answers

Iron filings and sulphur can form a __________ when combined and heated.

<p>compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the solubility of potassium nitrate at 313 K?

<p>106 grams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sodium chloride has a variable solubility at different temperatures.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would Pragya observe as the potassium chloride solution cools from 353 K?

<p>Crystallization of potassium chloride may occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The solubility of ammonium chloride at 293 K is ______ grams.

<p>37</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following substances with their classification as a pure substance or mixture:

<p>Ice = Pure Substance Vinegar = Mixture Iron = Pure Substance Soil = Mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances has the highest solubility at 293 K?

<p>Potassium nitrate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A saturated solution can contain more solute than it can dissolve at a given temperature.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solubility of most salts as temperature increases?

<p>The solubility typically increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mixture

A combination of two or more pure substances.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture with a uniform composition throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture with physically distinct parts and variable composition.

Solution

A type of homogeneous mixture where a solute is dissolved in a solvent.

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Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture where particles are suspended but will settle over time.

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Colloidal Solution

A heterogeneous mixture where tiny particles are dispersed but do not settle.

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Variable Composition

A characteristic of mixtures where the proportions of components can change.

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Physical Separation

A process used to separate mixtures without changing their chemical properties.

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Tyndall Effect

Scattering of light by small particles in a medium.

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Dispersed Phase

The phase consisting of particles distributed throughout another phase.

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Dispersion Medium

The continuous phase in which particles of a colloid are suspended.

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Centrifugation

A technique to separate components of a mixture based on density.

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Filtration

A process to separate solids from liquids using a filter.

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Chromatography

A technique used to separate mixtures into individual components.

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Solvent

A substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution.

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Dye

A type of substance that gives color to materials.

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Filter Paper

A paper used to separate solid particles from liquids.

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Distillation

A method for separating components in a liquid mixture based on boiling points.

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Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid turns into vapor.

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Fractional Distillation

A technique to separate mixtures of liquids by their boiling points.

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Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.

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Compound

A substance formed when two or more elements combine chemically.

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Hydrogen

A colorless, odorless, and combustible gas obtained from Group I.

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Hydrogen Sulphide

A colorless gas with a rotten egg smell obtained from Group II.

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Mixture Properties

The properties of a mixture are the same as its individual components.

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Homogeneous Solution

A mixture where the components are evenly distributed.

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Concentration

The measure of solute present per unit volume or mass of solution.

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Separation Techniques

Methods used to separate mixtures into pure substances.

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Metals

Elements that are typically shiny, conductive, ductile, and malleable.

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Non-metals

Elements that are generally poor conductors, not shiny, and do not exhibit malleability.

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Properties of Metals

Metals usually have lustre, conduct heat/electricity, are ductile, and are malleable.

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Metalloids

Elements that have properties intermediate between metals and non-metals.

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Examples of Metals

Common metals include gold, silver, copper, iron, sodium, and potassium.

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Examples of Non-metals

Common non-metals include hydrogen, oxygen, iodine, carbon, bromine, and chlorine.

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Mercury

The only metal that is liquid at room temperature.

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Saturated Solution

A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at a given temperature.

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Temperature and Solubility

The effect of temperature on the amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent.

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Potassium Nitrate at 313 K

At 313 K, the solubility of potassium nitrate in 100 g of water is 62 g.

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Potassium Chloride Observation

As a saturated solution cools, it can lead to crystallization of potassium chloride.

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Hydrochloric Acid

A pure substance; it's a strong acid used in various applications.

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Colloid

A mixture where tiny particles are dispersed but remain suspended, not settling.

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Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Mixtures

Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition while heterogeneous mixtures have distinct parts.

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Study Notes

Chapter 2: Is Matter Around Us Pure?

  • Matter around us is mostly mixtures of pure substances
  • Pure substances have the same chemical nature throughout
  • Mixtures contain more than one pure substance
  • Mixtures can be classified into homogeneous (uniform composition) and heterogeneous (non-uniform composition)

Types of Mixtures

  • Homogeneous mixtures (solutions):
    • Uniform composition throughout
    • Examples: Salt dissolved in water, sugar dissolved in water, soda water, air
  • Heterogeneous mixtures
    • Non-uniform composition
    • Examples: Sand and salt mixture, iron filings and sulphur powder, oil and water mixture

What is a Solution?

  • Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
  • One substance (solute) dissolves in another (solvent)
  • Usually, the solvent is present in a larger amount.
  • Components are uniformly distributed
  • Examples: Sugar dissolved in water, salt dissolved in water, air, soda water

Concentration of a Solution

  • Amount of solute in a given amount of solution
  • Expressed as mass by mass percentage, mass by volume percentage, or volume by volume percentage

What is a Suspension?

  • Heterogeneous mixture
  • A solid does not dissolve, but remains as small particles suspended in a liquid
  • Large particles are visible to the naked eye
  • Particles settle down upon standing
  • Examples: Sand and water, chalk powder and water, muddy water

What is a Colloidal Solution?

  • Heterogeneous mixture
  • Particles are too small to be seen by the naked eye, but are large enough to scatter light
  • Examples: Milk, fog, mist, paint

Separating Mixtures

  • Different methods are used to separate mixtures depending on the types of components and their properties:

  • Evaporation: Separates solids dissolved in liquids by heating the liquid to evaporate the liquid leaving the solid behind.

  • Centrifugation: Separates mixtures based on the density differences between the components with high-speed rotation

  • Filtration: Separates solids from liquids by passing the mixture through a filter, trapping solid materials

  • Distillation: Separates miscible liquids by heating the mixture to vaporize the liquid with a lower boiling point, condensing the vapor, and collecting the pure liquid.

  • Chromatography: Separates components based on their different solubilities in a specific solvent

Physical Changes

  • Changes in the physical state of matter without altering its chemical composition.

  • Examples: melting ice, freezing water, boiling water, dissolving sugar in water

Chemical Changes

  • Changes in the chemical composition of matter resulting in new substances.
  • Examples: rusting of iron, burning of a candle, digestion of food

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