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Questions and Answers
What state can both solute and solvent be in a mixture?
What state can both solute and solvent be in a mixture?
Which characteristic defines a true solution?
Which characteristic defines a true solution?
What size are the particles in a colloid?
What size are the particles in a colloid?
How can colloid particles be distinguished under a microscope?
How can colloid particles be distinguished under a microscope?
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In which type of mixture can you typically distinguish between solute and solvent?
In which type of mixture can you typically distinguish between solute and solvent?
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What happens to particles in a suspension over time?
What happens to particles in a suspension over time?
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How do colloids behave when filtered through ordinary filter paper?
How do colloids behave when filtered through ordinary filter paper?
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Which statement is true regarding suspensions?
Which statement is true regarding suspensions?
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What characteristic allows suspensions to significantly differ from colloids?
What characteristic allows suspensions to significantly differ from colloids?
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Which of the following best describes a true solution?
Which of the following best describes a true solution?
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Which of the following is an example of an emulsion?
Which of the following is an example of an emulsion?
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What phenomenon is associated with colloids regarding light?
What phenomenon is associated with colloids regarding light?
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What type of colloid is aerosol formed from solid dispersed in gas?
What type of colloid is aerosol formed from solid dispersed in gas?
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Which electrical properties are related to colloids?
Which electrical properties are related to colloids?
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Which of the following statements about colloids is false?
Which of the following statements about colloids is false?
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Which example represents a solid foam?
Which example represents a solid foam?
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What is the primary characteristic of lyophobic colloids?
What is the primary characteristic of lyophobic colloids?
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Which type of colloid is formed by aggregates of atoms or molecules?
Which type of colloid is formed by aggregates of atoms or molecules?
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What is a common property of hydrophilic colloids?
What is a common property of hydrophilic colloids?
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What defines the critical micellization concentration (CMC)?
What defines the critical micellization concentration (CMC)?
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Which of the following is an example of a macromolecular colloid?
Which of the following is an example of a macromolecular colloid?
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What occurs to charged particles in lyophobic colloids when an electric field is applied?
What occurs to charged particles in lyophobic colloids when an electric field is applied?
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What type of colloids behave like true solutions at low concentrations?
What type of colloids behave like true solutions at low concentrations?
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Which of the following correctly describes lyophobic colloids?
Which of the following correctly describes lyophobic colloids?
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Study Notes
Mixtures and Solutions
- Solutions, colloids and suspensions are mixtures between a solute and a solvent.
- The solute and solvent can be a gas, liquid or solid.
- Mixtures can be homogenous or heterogenous.
- Homogenous mixtures (true solutions) are evenly distributed and the solute and solvent cannot be distinguished by normal physical means.
- Heterogenous mixtures (colloids and suspensions) can distinguish the solute and solvent by visible means.
Comparing Solutions, Colloids and Suspensions
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Solute particle size:
- True solutions: < 10 angstroms
- Colloids: 10 - 1000 angstroms
- Suspensions: Visible to the naked eye
-
Visibility:
- True solutions: Not visible
- Colloids: Heterogenous at the microscopic level, visible by an ultramicroscope.
- Suspensions: Particles settle down with time ("precipitated")
-
Filterability:
- True solutions: Pass through ordinary filter paper
- Colloids: Pass through ordinary filter paper but retained by parchment membrane
- Suspensions: Retained by ordinary paper
-
Osmotic Pressure:
- True solutions: High
- Colloids: Very low
- Suspensions: None
-
Light Scattering:
- True solutions: Do not reflect light
- Colloids: Light is dispersed by colloidal particles, known as the Tyndall Effect
- Suspensions: Particles visible, light is reflected
-
Surface Phenomenon:
- True solutions: None
- Colloids: Remarkable property of adsorption
- Suspensions: Much less adsorption
-
Electrical Properties:
- True solutions: None
- Colloids: Electroosmosis, cataphoresis and coagulation
- Suspensions: None
Classification of Colloids
Based on physical states of dispersed phase and dispersion medium
-
Solid Dispersed Phase:
- Solid Dispersion Medium: Solid Sol - Colored glass,
- Liquid Dispersion Medium: Sol - Paints, inks, white of egg,
- Gas Dispersion Medium: Aerosol - Smoke, dust,
-
Liquid Dispersed Phase:
- Gas Dispersion Medium: Aerosol - Mist, fog, clouds,
- Solid Dispersion Medium: Gel - Curds, Cheese, Jelly,
- Liquid Dispersion Medium: Emulsion - Milk, butter, oil in water
-
Gas Dispersed Phase:
- Liquid Dispersion Medium: Foam - Soap lather, aerated water,
- Solid Dispersion Medium: Solid foam - Cake, bread, pumice stone,
Based on affinity between dispersed phase and dispersion medium
-
Lyophobic (Solvent Hating):
- Hydrophobic (Solvent is water)
- Prepared by special techniques, less stable, irreversible
- Small quantities of electrolytes can cause precipitation
- Charged particles migrate to one direction in an electric field e.g. ferric hydroxide in water sols
-
Lyophilic (Solvent Loving):
- Hydrophilic (Solvent is water)
- Easily prepared, stable, reversible
- Small quantities of electrolytes do not affect precipitation
- Little or no charged particles may or may not migrate in an electric field e.g. gelatin, gum, starch and protein
Based on nature of dispersed phase
- Multimolecular: Aggregates of atoms or molecules forming particles of colloidal size range e.g. gold sol, sulphur sol
- Macromolecular or molecular colloids: Synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene
- Association colloids (micelles formation in soap solutions): Behave like true solutions at low concentrations but shows colloidal properties at higher concentrations due to the formation of aggregated particles.
Critical Micellization Concentration (CMC)
- CMC = 10^-3 mol / L
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Description
Explore the differences between solutions, colloids, and suspensions in this quiz. Understand particle sizes, visibility, and filterability of various mixtures. Perfect for students studying chemistry concepts related to mixtures.
