Mixtures and Solutions Overview
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Mixtures and Solutions Overview

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Questions and Answers

What state can both solute and solvent be in a mixture?

  • Gas, liquid, or solid (correct)
  • Only solid
  • Only liquid
  • Only gas

    • Which characteristic defines a true solution?

  • Homogeneous and evenly distributed (correct)
  • Can be distinguished by filtration
  • Particles can settle down over time
  • Particles are visible to the naked eye

    • What size are the particles in a colloid?

  • Below 10 angstroms
  • 10-1000 angstroms (correct)
  • Above 1000 angstroms
  • Visible to the naked eye

    • How can colloid particles be distinguished under a microscope?

    <p>They are visible by ultra microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of mixture can you typically distinguish between solute and solvent?

    <p>Colloids and suspensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to particles in a suspension over time?

    <p>They settle down and precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do colloids behave when filtered through ordinary filter paper?

    <p>They are retained by filter paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding suspensions?

    <p>Suspensions settle down over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic allows suspensions to significantly differ from colloids?

    <p>Visibility of particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a true solution?

    <p>High osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an emulsion?

    <p>Milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon is associated with colloids regarding light?

    <p>Tyndall effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of colloid is aerosol formed from solid dispersed in gas?

    <p>Aerosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrical properties are related to colloids?

    <p>Electroosmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about colloids is false?

    <p>They reflect light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example represents a solid foam?

    <p>Cake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of lyophobic colloids?

    <p>They can be precipitated by small quantities of electrolytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of colloid is formed by aggregates of atoms or molecules?

    <p>Multimolecular colloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common property of hydrophilic colloids?

    <p>They are stable and reversible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the critical micellization concentration (CMC)?

    <p>The molarity at which micelles start to form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a macromolecular colloid?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to charged particles in lyophobic colloids when an electric field is applied?

    <p>They migrate towards one direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of colloids behave like true solutions at low concentrations?

    <p>Association colloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes lyophobic colloids?

    <p>Less stable, requiring specific techniques for preparation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mixtures and Solutions

    • Solutions, colloids and suspensions are mixtures between a solute and a solvent.
    • The solute and solvent can be a gas, liquid or solid.
    • Mixtures can be homogenous or heterogenous.
    • Homogenous mixtures (true solutions) are evenly distributed and the solute and solvent cannot be distinguished by normal physical means.
    • Heterogenous mixtures (colloids and suspensions) can distinguish the solute and solvent by visible means.

    Comparing Solutions, Colloids and Suspensions

    • Solute particle size:
      • True solutions: < 10 angstroms
      • Colloids: 10 - 1000 angstroms
      • Suspensions: Visible to the naked eye
    • Visibility:
      • True solutions: Not visible
      • Colloids: Heterogenous at the microscopic level, visible by an ultramicroscope.
      • Suspensions: Particles settle down with time ("precipitated")
    • Filterability:
      • True solutions: Pass through ordinary filter paper
      • Colloids: Pass through ordinary filter paper but retained by parchment membrane
      • Suspensions: Retained by ordinary paper
    • Osmotic Pressure:
      • True solutions: High
      • Colloids: Very low
      • Suspensions: None
    • Light Scattering:
      • True solutions: Do not reflect light
      • Colloids: Light is dispersed by colloidal particles, known as the Tyndall Effect
      • Suspensions: Particles visible, light is reflected
    • Surface Phenomenon:
      • True solutions: None
      • Colloids: Remarkable property of adsorption
      • Suspensions: Much less adsorption
    • Electrical Properties:
      • True solutions: None
      • Colloids: Electroosmosis, cataphoresis and coagulation
      • Suspensions: None

    Classification of Colloids

    Based on physical states of dispersed phase and dispersion medium

    • Solid Dispersed Phase:
      • Solid Dispersion Medium: Solid Sol - Colored glass,
      • Liquid Dispersion Medium: Sol - Paints, inks, white of egg,
      • Gas Dispersion Medium: Aerosol - Smoke, dust,
    • Liquid Dispersed Phase:
      • Gas Dispersion Medium: Aerosol - Mist, fog, clouds,
      • Solid Dispersion Medium: Gel - Curds, Cheese, Jelly,
      • Liquid Dispersion Medium: Emulsion - Milk, butter, oil in water
    • Gas Dispersed Phase:
      • Liquid Dispersion Medium: Foam - Soap lather, aerated water,
      • Solid Dispersion Medium: Solid foam - Cake, bread, pumice stone,

    Based on affinity between dispersed phase and dispersion medium

    • Lyophobic (Solvent Hating):
      • Hydrophobic (Solvent is water)
      • Prepared by special techniques, less stable, irreversible
      • Small quantities of electrolytes can cause precipitation
      • Charged particles migrate to one direction in an electric field e.g. ferric hydroxide in water sols
    • Lyophilic (Solvent Loving):
      • Hydrophilic (Solvent is water)
      • Easily prepared, stable, reversible
      • Small quantities of electrolytes do not affect precipitation
      • Little or no charged particles may or may not migrate in an electric field e.g. gelatin, gum, starch and protein

    Based on nature of dispersed phase

    • Multimolecular: Aggregates of atoms or molecules forming particles of colloidal size range e.g. gold sol, sulphur sol
    • Macromolecular or molecular colloids: Synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene
    • Association colloids (micelles formation in soap solutions): Behave like true solutions at low concentrations but shows colloidal properties at higher concentrations due to the formation of aggregated particles.

    Critical Micellization Concentration (CMC)

    • CMC = 10^-3 mol / L

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    Description

    Explore the differences between solutions, colloids, and suspensions in this quiz. Understand particle sizes, visibility, and filterability of various mixtures. Perfect for students studying chemistry concepts related to mixtures.

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