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Questions and Answers
What is the major component of a solution called?
Which type of mixture contains particles that cannot be seen even with a microscope?
What happens to the particles in a suspension if left undisturbed?
In a saturated solution, how much solute can be dissolved?
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Which of the following is an example of a colloid?
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What defines the solubility of a solute?
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What type of mixture is characterized by particles visible to the naked eye?
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Which component remains solid when more solute is added to a saturated solution?
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At what temperature does KClO3 begin to crystallize in water?
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Which method would be most suitable to separate salt from seawater?
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What is the term for the solid remaining on filter paper after filtration?
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What differentiates crystallisation from evaporation?
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What type of mixture can filtration be used to separate?
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Which separation method is best for obtaining pure hydrated copper(II) sulfate?
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What occurs if all liquid evaporates during the evaporation process?
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Which property is essential for separating mixtures using physical means?
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What is the unit for measuring the solubility of a solute in water?
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How does the solubility of solid solutes generally change with temperature?
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What occurs when a saturated solution is cooled?
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If a solution has reached saturation at a specific temperature, what can be said about its saturation at a higher temperature?
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What volume of water is approximately equal to 100 g due to its density?
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What is a solubility curve used for?
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At what temperature is the solubility of potassium chlorate(V) equal to 35 g per 100 g water?
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What effect does cooling an unsaturated solution have?
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What type of mixture is suitable for simple distillation?
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Which of the following is a key component of the apparatus used in simple distillation?
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What is the primary purpose of using fractional distillation?
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Which apparatus is specifically used for separating immiscible liquids?
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In paper chromatography, what primarily determines how substances are separated?
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What characteristic do immiscible liquids have?
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Why is a fractionating column used in fractional distillation?
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What is a key characteristic of sugar cane extraction discussed in the graded activity?
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Study Notes
Solutions
- A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components, usually one liquid.
- The major component is the solvent and the minor component is the solute.
- Some solutions contain more than one solute, for example, seawater.
- The solute and solvent can be gases, liquids, or solids.
- When a gas or solid dissolves in a liquid, the liquid is always the solvent.
Saturated Solution
- A saturated solution contains as much solute as possible at a particular temperature, with undissolved solute present.
Suspensions
- A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture containing visible particles that settle if left undisturbed.
- Components of a suspension can be separated by filtration.
- Examples include dust in air, chalk powder in water, and muddy water.
Colloids
- A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture with particles intermediate in size between solutions and suspensions.
- Particles in a colloid are not visible and do not settle.
- Colloid properties are intermediate between solutions and suspensions.
- Examples include smoke in air, fog and aerosol sprays, milk, and mayonnaise.
Solubility
- Solubility of a solute indicates how much can dissolve in a fixed mass of solvent at a specific temperature.
- Solubility is determined by the structure of the solute and solvent, and temperature.
- For example, solubility in water is measured as the mass of solute that saturates 100 grams of water.
Temperature and Solubility
- Solubility for most solid solutes in water increases with increasing temperature.
- A saturated solution at one temperature becomes unsaturated at a higher temperature.
- Cooling a saturated solution causes crystals to form as less solute can dissolve at a lower temperature.
Solubility Curve
- A solubility curve plots solubility against temperature.
- It provides information like solubility at specific temperatures and the temperature at which crystals form in a cooling solution.
Separating Mixtures
- Mixtures can be separated by physical means.
- Separation methods depend on the physical properties of the components, such as particle size, boiling point, and solubility.
Filtration
- Filtration separates a solid from a liquid where the solid does not dissolve.
- It uses filter paper to trap solid particles while allowing the liquid to pass through.
- The remaining solid is called the residue, and the liquid passing through is the filtrate.
Evaporation
- Evaporation separates a solid dissolved in a liquid, leaving the solid behind.
- The solution is boiled to vaporize the liquid, leaving the solid in the container.
- Useful for collecting solids that are not decomposed by heat.
- Example: obtaining sodium chloride from a solution.
Crystallisation
- Crystallisation also separates a solid dissolved in a liquid.
- Unlike evaporation, the solution is not boiled but allowed to evaporate slowly at room temperature.
- The slow process results in a distinct crystalline structure for the solid.
- Suitable for collecting hydrated solids.
- Example: obtaining hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals from a solution.
Simple Distillation
- Simple distillation separates a solid dissolved in a liquid with a lower boiling point than the solid.
- Uses a condenser to cool and condense the liquid vapor, collecting the liquid and leaving the solid behind.
Fractional Distillation
- Fractional distillation separates a mixture of miscible liquids with different boiling points that are close together.
- Uses a fractionating column to improve separation efficiency.
- Example: separating ethanol and water.
Separating Funnel
- A separating funnel separates two immiscible liquids with different densities.
- The tap at the bottom allows draining off one liquid before the other.
Paper Chromatography
- Paper chromatography separates colored substances based on their solubility in the solvent and attraction to the paper.
- Used to separate dyes in inks and food coloring.
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Description
Test your knowledge of solutions, saturated solutions, suspensions, and colloids with this quiz. Understand the differences between these types of mixtures and their characteristics. Perfect for chemistry students looking to reinforce their understanding.
