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Questions and Answers
A combination of two or more substances that retain their individual properties is a ______.
A combination of two or more substances that retain their individual properties is a ______.
mixture
A substance formed when two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio is a ______.
A substance formed when two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio is a ______.
compound
Unlike compounds, the components of a mixture can be separated by ______ means such as filtration or distillation.
Unlike compounds, the components of a mixture can be separated by ______ means such as filtration or distillation.
physical
The composition of a ______ is variable and can change based on the amounts of each component.
The composition of a ______ is variable and can change based on the amounts of each component.
The properties of a ______ are a blend of the properties of its components.
The properties of a ______ are a blend of the properties of its components.
[Blank] can only be separated by chemical reactions such as electrolysis.
[Blank] can only be separated by chemical reactions such as electrolysis.
The composition of a compound is ______, defined by a specific chemical formula.
The composition of a compound is ______, defined by a specific chemical formula.
A mixture of iron filings and sulfur retains magnetic properties from iron and yellow color from ______.
A mixture of iron filings and sulfur retains magnetic properties from iron and yellow color from ______.
Sodium (a highly reactive metal) and chlorine (a toxic gas) combine to form sodium ______, which is safe to consume.
Sodium (a highly reactive metal) and chlorine (a toxic gas) combine to form sodium ______, which is safe to consume.
The components of a mixture can be separated by ______ methods, such as filtration or evaporation.
The components of a mixture can be separated by ______ methods, such as filtration or evaporation.
Compounds require ______ methods to separate into their constituent elements, such as electrolysis that can separate water into hydrogen and oxygen gases.
Compounds require ______ methods to separate into their constituent elements, such as electrolysis that can separate water into hydrogen and oxygen gases.
The composition of a mixture is ______, meaning you can have different amounts of each component.
The composition of a mixture is ______, meaning you can have different amounts of each component.
The composition of a compound is ______, with a specific chemical formula representing the ratio of elements involved.
The composition of a compound is ______, with a specific chemical formula representing the ratio of elements involved.
Neutralization of acids and alkalis to give salt and water is an example of an ______ reaction.
Neutralization of acids and alkalis to give salt and water is an example of an ______ reaction.
The electrolysis of water to give hydrogen and oxygen is an example of an ______ reaction.
The electrolysis of water to give hydrogen and oxygen is an example of an ______ reaction.
Burning petroleum in a car engine to give carbon dioxide and water is an example of an ______ reaction.
Burning petroleum in a car engine to give carbon dioxide and water is an example of an ______ reaction.
Photosynthesis in plants, which converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, is an ______ reaction.
Photosynthesis in plants, which converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, is an ______ reaction.
The reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is considered ______ because it releases heat.
The reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is considered ______ because it releases heat.
In contrast to exothermic reactions, electrolysis of water is considered ______ because it requires an input of electrical energy to break water into hydrogen and oxygen gases.
In contrast to exothermic reactions, electrolysis of water is considered ______ because it requires an input of electrical energy to break water into hydrogen and oxygen gases.
While hydrogen is ______, oxygen supports combustion, showcasing distinct chemical behaviors between elements and their compounds, like water.
While hydrogen is ______, oxygen supports combustion, showcasing distinct chemical behaviors between elements and their compounds, like water.
The decomposition of baking soda, which requires heat to produce carbon dioxide gas, is an example of an ______ process, crucial for creating a spongy texture in baked goods.
The decomposition of baking soda, which requires heat to produce carbon dioxide gas, is an example of an ______ process, crucial for creating a spongy texture in baked goods.
Unlike pure substances, ______ can lower boiling points or cause melting to occur over a range of temperatures, affecting the sharpness of phase transitions.
Unlike pure substances, ______ can lower boiling points or cause melting to occur over a range of temperatures, affecting the sharpness of phase transitions.
Flashcards
What is a mixture?
What is a mixture?
A combination of substances where each retains its properties.
What is a compound?
What is a compound?
It is a substance formed by the chemical combination of elements in a fixed ratio.
Examples of mixtures?
Examples of mixtures?
Sand and salt mixed together, air, or a salad.
Examples of compounds?
Examples of compounds?
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Mixture properties?
Mixture properties?
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How to separate a mixture?
How to separate a mixture?
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Mixture composition?
Mixture composition?
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Exothermic Reaction
Exothermic Reaction
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Endothermic Reaction
Endothermic Reaction
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Electrolysis of Water
Electrolysis of Water
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Pure Substance
Pure Substance
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Effect of Impurities
Effect of Impurities
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Mixture
Mixture
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Compound
Compound
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Compound Properties
Compound Properties
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Mixture Separation
Mixture Separation
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Compound Separation
Compound Separation
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Compound Composition
Compound Composition
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Mixtures and Compounds
- A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that retain their individual properties; examples include sand and salt, salad, and air.
- The properties of a mixture are a blend of the properties of its components.
- Components of a mixture can be separated by physical means, like filtration or distillation.
- The composition of a mixture is variable and can change based on the amounts of each component.
- A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio; water (H2O), sodium chloride (NaCl), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are examples.
- The properties of a compound differ from those of its constituent elements.
- Compounds can only be separated by chemical means, such as electrolysis.
- A compound has a fixed composition, defined by a specific chemical formula.
Energy Changes During Chemical Reactions
- Neutralization of acids and alkalis to give salt and water releases energy (exothermic).
- This reaction typically releases energy as heat when an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water.
- Magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid releases energy (exothermic).
- The reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid produces magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas while releasing heat.
- Electrolysis of water to give hydrogen and oxygen takes energy (endothermic).
- Electrolysis requires an input of energy (usually electrical) to break water (H2O) into hydrogen and oxygen gases
- Burning petroleum in a car engine to give carbon dioxide and water releases energy (exothermic).
- The combustion of petroleum releases energy in the form of heat and light as it reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
- Photosynthesis in plants takes energy (endothermic).
- In photosynthesis, plants absorb sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
- Decomposition of baking soda to produce carbon dioxide takes energy (endothermic).
- When baking soda decomposes, it requires heat to produce carbon dioxide gas.
Additional Notes
- Hydrogen has a boiling point of -252.9 °C, and -183 °C for its gas phase, while water boils at 100 °C.
- Hydrogen is flammable, while oxygen supports combustion, demonstrating the differences in elemental behavior vs. their compound, water.
- Pure substances have specific melting and boiling points, while impurities can lower boiling points or melt over a range of temperatures.
- Copper can be separated from copper(II) oxide by reduction with carbon.
- Aluminum oxide can be decomposed into aluminum and oxygen.
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Description
Explore mixtures and compounds. Mixtures combine substances retaining individual properties, separable by physical means with variable composition. Compounds form from elements chemically combined in fixed ratios, with distinct properties, separated chemically, and having fixed composition.
