Mitosis Quiz - Cell Division Basics
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Questions and Answers

What must happen to a chromosome before a cell starts mitosis?

The single DNA molecule in the chromosome must be replicated.

Which of the following phases make up the stages of mitosis?

  • Telophase (correct)
  • Prophase (correct)
  • Anaphase (correct)
  • Prometaphase (correct)
  • Metaphase (correct)

    • Which of the following events characterizes metaphase of mitosis?

    Alignment of the chromosomes at the equator.

    During the entirety of which stage of the cell cycle did the nucleus contain 6 pg of DNA?

    <p>G2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asexual reproduction _____

    <p>produces offspring genetically identical to the parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What number and types of chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell?

    <p>44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purpose(s) might a karyotype be prepared?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In alternation of generations, what is the diploid stage of a plant that follows fertilization called?

    <p>Sporophyte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes different from each other?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles; sister chromatids are identical copies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some species employ both mitosis and meiosis, whereas other species use only mitosis?

    <p>They need both if they are producing plant gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human gametes are produced by _____

    <p>meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normal human gametes carry _____ chromosomes.

    <ol start="23"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these cells is (are) haploid?

    <p>Cell C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A diploid organism whose somatic cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing _____ chromosomes.

    <ol start="16"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis I produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.

    <p>two, haploid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis II typically produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.

    <p>four, haploid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During _____ sister chromatids separate.

    <p>anaphase II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids.

    <p>telophase I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synapsis occurs during _____.

    <p>prophase I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____.

    <p>anaphase I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell.

    <p>metaphase II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the end of _____ and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells.

    <p>telophase II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During _____ a spindle forms in a haploid cell.

    <p>prophase II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In diploid cells: mitosis results in the formation of how many cells; meiosis results in the formation of how many cells?

    <p>two diploid cells; four haploid cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis?

    <p>Synapsis occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crossing over?

    <p>The exchange of homologous portions of nonsister chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Part A Meiosis Terminology

    <p>A = Chromatin B = Genes C = Chromosomes D = Genome E = Traits F = Locus G = Gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Part B Interactions Among Chromosomes

    <p>A = Non homologous chromosomes B = Sister chromatids C = Homologous chromosomes D = Centromere E = Non sister chromatids F = Homologous chromosomes G = Sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Part C Animal Life Cycles

    <p>P = Egg A = 2N B = 2N C = Meiosis D = Meiosis E = n F = Egg G = Sperm H = n I = Fertilization J = 2N K = Zygote L = Mitosis M = 2N N = Meiosis O = n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Part B crossing over

    <p>A = Anaphase II B = Metaphase II C = Prophase I D = Metaphase I E = Yes F = No G = No H = Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The parent cell that enters meiosis is diploid, whereas the four daughter cells that result are haploid.

    <p>DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Video Tutor Quiz Part A

    <p>mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Video Tutor Quiz Part B

    <p>meiosis I only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Video Tutor Quiz Part C

    <p>centromere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Video Tutor Quiz Part D

    <ol start="10"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Video Tutor Quiz Part E

    <p>the start of meiosis I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which processes lead to most genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

    <p>Crossing over, random fertilization, independent assortment of chromosomes in meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these gametes contains one or more recombinant chromosomes?

    <p>Gamete B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Root Words Part A

    <p>poly- = many de- = from, out of, remove ad- = to neutr- = of neither gender or type -Phil (or philo)- = to love trop- = change, turn, move dys- = difficult, painful anti- = against co- = with or together with non- = not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Root Words Part B

    <p>hem- (or hemato)- = blood hetero- = different, other semi- = one half intra- = within -ase- = enzyme trans- = across meta- = change, after lact- = milk tri- = three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The shuffling of chromosomes that occurs during both fertilization and _____ can lead to genetic variation.

    <p>meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heritable variation is required for which of the following?

    <p>evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Part A - Processes that determine heredity and contribute to genetic variation

    <p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Part B - Independent assortment and genetic variation

    <p>Arrangement 1 - 3 and 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Assume that an organism exists in which crossing over does not occur, but all other processes associated with meiosis occur normally. If crossing over did not occur, which of the following statements about meiosis would be true?

    <p>There would be less genetic variation among gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This cell is diploid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell is diploid because it contains two sets of chromosomes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two chromatids were formed by duplication of a chromosome.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two sister chromatids are joined at the centromere prior to meiosis. Which statement is correct?

    <p>Barring mutation, the two sister chromatids must be identical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mitosis Overview

    • Chromosomes must be replicated before a cell enters mitosis.
    • Stages of mitosis include prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
    • During metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equator.
    • G2 phase is when a nucleus contains 6 picograms (pg) of DNA.

    Asexual Reproduction

    • Produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism.

    Human Chromosome Structure

    • A human somatic cell contains 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes.
    • Normal human gametes carry 23 chromosomes.

    Karyotype Applications

    • Karyotypes can be prepared for various genetic analyses including chromosomal abnormalities.

    Alternation of Generations in Plants

    • The diploid stage following fertilization is known as the sporophyte.

    Chromosome Types

    • Homologous chromosomes share the same gene loci but may have different alleles.
    • Sister chromatids are identical copies formed during DNA replication.

    Reproductive Cell Division

    • Species that produce plant gametes utilize both mitosis and meiosis.
    • Human gametes are produced through meiosis, involving two rounds of cell division which yield haploid cells.

    Meiosis Details

    • A diploid organism with 32 chromosomes produces haploid gametes with 16 chromosomes.
    • Meiosis I results in two haploid cells, while meiosis II generates four haploid cells.
    • Synapsis occurs during prophase I, and crossing over is the exchange of homologous chromatid portions.
    • Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles during anaphase I.

    Genetic Variation in Meiosis

    • Crossing over, random fertilization, and independent chromosome assortment contribute to genetic diversity.

    Life Cycle and Chromosome Interaction

    • Fertilization results in diploid (2N) zygotes which undergo mitosis.
    • Heritable variation is essential for evolutionary processes.

    Root Words in Genetics

    • Prefixes like "poly-" (many) and "hetero-" (different) are common in genetic terminology.

    Misconceptions about Cells

    • Diploid cells consist of two sets of chromosomes, while sister chromatids are identical prior to meiosis.

    Overall Importance of Meiosis

    • Without crossing over, genetic variation among gametes would be reduced, emphasizing the role of meiosis in generating diversity.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the stages of mitosis and the processes involved in cell division. This quiz covers essential definitions and phases that lead to successful mitosis. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of cellular processes.

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