Mitosis Metaphase Process

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Questions and Answers

What is the main role of kinetochore microtubules during metaphase?

Attach to kinetochore of the sister chromatid from the same pole (correct)

Jerk the chromosomes back and forth

Help elongate the cell

Interact with nonkinetochore microtubules from the same pole

During anaphase, what happens to the sister chromatids?

They suddenly part and become full-fledged chromosomes (correct)

They remain together

They replicate to form two copies of each chromosome

They move towards the same end of the cell

What is the function of nonkinetochore microtubules during mitosis?

Separate sister chromatids

Attach to centromeres of chromosomes

Help elongate the cell (correct)

Interact with kinetochore microtubules

Where do the centrosomes move to during metaphase?

They move to opposite ends of the cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of kinetochore microtubules in moving chromosomes during anaphase?

Shorten and pull chromosomes towards opposite ends (D) Signup and view all the answers

What structure do chromosomes convene to during metaphase?

Metaphase plate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens in telophase of M phase?

Division of the cytoplasm (D) Signup and view all the answers

In prophase, what happens to the chromatin fibers?

They condense into discrete chromosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of asters in mitotic spindle formation?

Lengthen microtubules between centrosomes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes prometaphase in M phase?

Microtubules attach to kinetochores (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase?

Centrosomes move away from each other (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure plays a crucial role in segregating chromosomes during cell division?

Microtubules of the spindle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of anaphase in mitosis?

The cell elongates as the nonkinetochore microtubules lengthen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during telophase of mitosis?

The cleavage furrow deepens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cytokinesis in plant cells from animal cells?

Formation of a cell plate from golgi apparatus vesicles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of centromeres in mitosis?

Separation of sister chromatids during anaphase (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the cell wall affect cytokinesis in plant cells?

Prevents the formation of a cleavage furrow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to chromosomes during telophase?

They separate into chromatids (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mitosis Stages

Metaphase is the longest stage of mitosis, lasting about 20 minutes.
In metaphase, the centrosomes are at opposite ends of the cell, and the chromosomes convene to the metaphase plate.
The chromosomes' centromeres lie on the metaphase plate, and each sister chromatid is attached to kinetochore microtubules from opposite poles.

Kinetochore Microtubules

Kinetochore microtubules jerk the chromosomes back and forth.
Each chromosome has 2 kinetochores, and each kinetochore is attached to kinetochore microtubules from opposite poles.

Anaphase

Anaphase is the shortest stage of mitosis, lasting only a few minutes.
In anaphase, the two sister chromatids of each pair suddenly part, becoming full-fledged chromosomes.
The liberated chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the cell as their kinetochore microtubules shorten.

Telophase

Telophase involves the formation of two daughter nuclei.
The chromosomes become less condensed, and nuclear envelopes arise from the fragments of the parent cell's nuclear envelope.
Mitosis, the division of one nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei, is now complete.

Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.
It begins in anaphase and continues in telophase, but doesn't reach completion until the following interphase begins.
In animal cells, a cleavage furrow is formed, and a contractile ring of actin filaments deepens the furrow.
In plant cells, the golgi apparatus produces vesicles that form the cell plate.

Prophase

At the end of G2, the centrosome duplicates into two, and each centrosome features two centrioles.
In prophase, the chromatin fibers condense into discrete chromosomes observable with a light microscope, and the nucleoli disappear.
The mitotic spindle begins to form, composed of centrosomes and microtubules that extend from them.

Prometaphase

In prometaphase, the nuclear envelope fragments, and the microtubules of the spindle invade the nuclear area and interact with the chromosomes.
Microtubules extend from each centrosome toward the middle of the cell, and some attach to the kinetochores, becoming kinetochore microtubules.
The cell elongates as the nonkinetochore microtubules lengthen.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the detailed process of mitosis metaphase. Learn about the alignment of chromosomes on the metaphase plate and the roles of kinetochore and nonkinetochore microtubules during this stage.