Mitosis Cell Division

Definition

Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Phases of Mitosis

1. Interphase: The cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division.
2. Prophase:
   • Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
   • Nuclear envelope breaks down.
   • Centrioles (small structures near the nucleus) move apart, forming a spindle apparatus.
   • Microtubules extend from the centrioles, forming a spindle fiber.
3. Metaphase:
   • Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, attached to the spindle fibers.
   • Chromosomes are aligned in a specific order, with each pair of sister chromatids facing opposite poles.
4. Anaphase:
   • Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
   • Chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers.
5. Telophase:
   • Chromosomes reach the poles and begin to decondense.
   • Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes.
6. Cytokinesis:
   • Cytoplasm divides and the cell splits into two daughter cells.

Key Features

• Diploid: Mitosis results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell, with the same number of chromosomes.
• Somatic cells: Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, which make up the majority of cells in the body.
• No crossing over: Mitosis does not involve the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, unlike meiosis.

Importance of Mitosis

• Growth and development: Mitosis allows for the growth and development of multicellular organisms.
• Cell replacement: Mitosis replaces damaged or dead cells in the body.
• Tissue repair: Mitosis helps to repair damaged tissues.