12 Questions
What is the primary function of the spindle fibers in mitosis?
To separate sister chromatids during anaphase
Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the breakdown of the nuclear envelope?
Prophase
What is the result of abnormal mitosis, leading to genetic disorders or cancer?
Aneuploidy
What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?
The genetic uniqueness of daughter cells
During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?
Metaphase
What is the importance of mitosis in multicellular organisms?
It allows for growth, development, and tissue repair
What is the primary function of the hydrophilic heads of phospholipid molecules in the cell membrane?
To form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
Which type of protein is embedded in the cell membrane and spans the entire width of the membrane?
Integral protein
What is the primary role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
To maintain the fluidity of the membrane
What is the term for the ability of the cell membrane to allow certain molecules to pass through while keeping others out?
Selective permeability
What is the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?
A dynamic, fluid structure with proteins and lipids moving laterally
What is the effect of increased temperature on the fluidity of the cell membrane?
It increases fluidity
Study Notes
Mitosis
Definition Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
Stages of Mitosis
- Interphase: The cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division.
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Prophase:
- Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
- Centrioles (small structures near the nucleus) begin to move apart.
- Nuclear envelope breaks down.
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Metaphase:
- Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.
- Each chromosome is attached to a spindle fiber.
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Anaphase:
- Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Spindle fibers contract, pulling sister chromatids apart.
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Telophase:
- Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes.
- Chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin.
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Cytokinesis:
- Cytoplasm divides, and the cell splits into two daughter cells.
Importance of Mitosis
- Allows for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.
- Enables the replacement of damaged or dead cells.
- Essential for the transmission of genetic information from one generation of cells to the next.
Types of Cell Division
- Mitosis: Results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
- Meiosis: Results in four genetically unique daughter cells (used in gamete production).
Abnormalities in Mitosis
- Aneuploidy: A condition where a cell has an abnormal number of chromosomes, leading to genetic disorders or cancer.
- Cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth and division, often resulting from mitosis-related abnormalities.
Learn about the stages of mitosis, its importance in growth, development, and tissue repair, and the consequences of abnormalities in the process. Understand the differences between mitosis and meiosis.
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