40 Questions
What is the difference between haploid and diploid states?
Haploid state has half the number of chromosomes as diploid state
What is the role of centromere in cell division?
Centromere joins sister chromatids together
What is the concept of reduction division in meiosis?
Reduction division refers to the division that reduces the chromosome number by half
What is the total number of chromatids in humans after replication of homologous chromosomes?
92
What is the scientific name for yeast?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
What is the chromosome number of garden pea (Pisum sativum)?
14
Which organism has a chromosome number of 94?
Carassius auratus (goldfish)
What is the role of homologous chromosomes in cell division?
They carry the same genes but may have different alleles
What is the chromosome number of humans in diploid state?
46
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells, while mitosis results in diploid cells
Which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is responsible for DNA replication?
S phase
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Meiosis results in the formation of haploid gametes, while mitosis results in the formation of diploid somatic cells.
What is the purpose of cytokinesis in cell division?
To physically separate the two resulting daughter cells
What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs
In which type of cell division does synapsis and crossing over occur?
Meiosis
What is the result of meiosis II?
Formation of genetically identical daughter cells
Which statement about eukaryotic cells undergoing mitosis and meiosis is true?
Mitosis is essential for growth and repair, while meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction
What is the difference between diploid and haploid organisms?
Diploid organisms have pairs of chromosomes in somatic cells, while haploid organisms have only one set of chromosomes
What is the purpose of meiosis I in cell division?
To separate homologous chromosomes
Which term describes the process of eukaryotic cells dividing their DNA into daughter cells?
Mitosis and meiosis
Which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is responsible for DNA replication?
S phase
What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?
Synapsis and crossing over
What is the result of meiosis II?
Separation of replicated sister chromatids
What is the purpose of cytokinesis in cell division?
Division of the cytoplasm
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Number of nuclear divisions
What is the chromosome number of humans in diploid state?
46
What is the concept of reduction division in meiosis?
Formation of haploid gametes
What is the difference between haploid and diploid states?
Number of chromosomes
What is the role of homologous chromosomes in cell division?
Genetic recombination
Which statement about eukaryotic cells undergoing mitosis and meiosis is true?
Meiosis leads to genetic recombination
During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does cytokinesis occur?
Telophase
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Meiosis involves two rounds of chromosome separation, while mitosis only involves one round.
What is the significance of synapsis in meiosis?
Synapsis allows for crossing over between homologous chromosomes.
In which type of cell is meiosis most likely to occur?
Sperm cell
What is the result of meiosis I?
Formation of haploid daughter cells
Which phase of meiosis involves the alignment of homologous chromosomes at the cell's equator?
Metaphase I
What is the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
Production of haploid gametes
What is the term for the process by which eukaryotic cells divide their DNA into daughter cells?
Mitosis
What is the key difference between diploid and haploid organisms?
Diploid organisms have two sets of chromosomes, while haploid organisms have one set.
What is the significance of meiosis in the context of genetic diversity?
Meiosis allows for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
Study Notes
Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis Overview
- Mitosis is a cell division mechanism primarily occurring in non-reproductive cells, while meiosis occurs in cells participating in sexual reproduction, specifically germ line cells.
- The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of distinct phases: Interphase (G1, S, G2 phases), Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.
- During mitosis, a division of the nuclear contents occurs, with four distinct stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
- Cytokinesis occurs at the end of mitosis, resulting in the formation of daughter cells by either actin filaments contracting in animals or the formation of a new cell wall in plants.
- Meiosis is a reduction division resulting in the formation of gametes, achieved through two key events: meiosis I, which separates homologous chromosomes, and meiosis II, which separates replicated sister chromatids.
- Meiosis I consists of Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase I, while Meiosis II includes Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II.
- Meiosis involves synapsis, where homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs, leading to the final amount of genetic material passed to the gametes being halved.
- Eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis for growth and repair, while meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction, resulting in the formation of haploid gametes.
- Diploid organisms have homologous pairs of chromosomes in somatic cells, while haploid organisms have only one set of chromosomes.
- Mitosis and meiosis are the two mechanisms by which eukaryotic cells divide their DNA into daughter cells.
Test your knowledge of cell division with this quiz on mitosis and meiosis. Explore the phases, processes, and significance of these two fundamental mechanisms in eukaryotic cells.
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