Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which phase of mitosis specifically involves the separation of sister chromatids?
Which phase of mitosis specifically involves the separation of sister chromatids?
- Anaphase (correct)
- Prophase
- Telophase
- Metaphase
In which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur, resulting in genetic diversity?
In which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur, resulting in genetic diversity?
- Prophase I (correct)
- Prophase II
- Telophase I
- Metaphase II
What is a significant outcome of meiosis compared to mitosis?
What is a significant outcome of meiosis compared to mitosis?
- Meiosis occurs in somatic cells.
- Meiosis produces four haploid cells. (correct)
- Meiosis results in two identical diploid cells.
- Meiosis requires DNA replication before each division.
What is the complementary base pair for guanine in DNA?
What is the complementary base pair for guanine in DNA?
How many total chromosomes are found in a normal human somatic cell?
How many total chromosomes are found in a normal human somatic cell?
Which statement accurately describes the nature of chromosomes?
Which statement accurately describes the nature of chromosomes?
How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?
How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?
What type of cell division occurs in germ cells to produce gametes?
What type of cell division occurs in germ cells to produce gametes?
Which genetic mechanism is responsible for the variation seen in the F1 generation of Mendel's pea plant experiments?
Which genetic mechanism is responsible for the variation seen in the F1 generation of Mendel's pea plant experiments?
What is the primary role of a Punnett square in genetic studies?
What is the primary role of a Punnett square in genetic studies?
When two homozygous plants, one tall (TT) and one short (tt), are crossed, what will the resulting F1 plants phenotypically express?
When two homozygous plants, one tall (TT) and one short (tt), are crossed, what will the resulting F1 plants phenotypically express?
Which of the following best describes the condition of alleles expressed equally in a heterozygous individual?
Which of the following best describes the condition of alleles expressed equally in a heterozygous individual?
What is a common misconception regarding indicate that selective breeding leads directly to genetic mutations?
What is a common misconception regarding indicate that selective breeding leads directly to genetic mutations?
In which of the following scenarios would you expect the highest likelihood of genetic disorders occurring due to inbreeding?
In which of the following scenarios would you expect the highest likelihood of genetic disorders occurring due to inbreeding?
What underlying genetic principle can be inferred if two individuals are found to have a 1:2:1 ratio among their offspring?
What underlying genetic principle can be inferred if two individuals are found to have a 1:2:1 ratio among their offspring?
Which mechanism ensures that only specific traits are selected in artificial selection?
Which mechanism ensures that only specific traits are selected in artificial selection?
Flashcards
Dominant allele
Dominant allele
A dominant allele is expressed even if only one copy is present in the genotype.
Homozygous individual
Homozygous individual
A homozygous individual has two identical alleles for a particular trait.
Heterozygous individual
Heterozygous individual
A heterozygous individual has two different alleles for a particular trait.
Punnett Square
Punnett Square
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Test cross
Test cross
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Selective breeding
Selective breeding
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Inbreeding
Inbreeding
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Albinism
Albinism
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Metaphase
Metaphase
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Crossing over
Crossing over
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Product of meiosis
Product of meiosis
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Difference between mitosis and meiosis
Difference between mitosis and meiosis
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Chromosomes in a human gamete
Chromosomes in a human gamete
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Structure of DNA
Structure of DNA
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Adenine pairing
Adenine pairing
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Role of chromosomes
Role of chromosomes
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Study Notes
Mitosis and Meiosis
- Mitosis: Cell division resulting in two identical diploid cells.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's center.
- Meiosis: Cell division producing four haploid cells.
- Prophase I: Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes.
- Haploid: Half the number of chromosomes compared to a somatic cell.
- Diploid: Full set of chromosomes.
- Gamete: Reproductive cell (sperm or egg).
- Mitosis vs. Meiosis: Mitosis produces identical cells, whereas meiosis doesn't.
- Chromosome number (human gamete): 23.
- Crossing over: Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
- Anaphase (mitosis): Sister chromatids separate.
DNA and Chromosomes
- DNA structure: Double helix.
- Adenine pairs with: Thymine.
- Human male sex chromosomes: XY.
- Chromosomes' primary role: Carrying genetic information.
- DNA sugar: Deoxyribose.
- Autosomes (human somatic cell): 44.
- Phenotype determination: Interaction of genotype and environment.
Mendelian Inheritance
- Mendel's experiments: Used garden peas.
- Dominant allele: Expressed even if only one copy is present.
- Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Tt).
- Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., TT or tt).
- Punnett square: Tool to predict offspring genotypes.
- Test cross: Used to determine an organism's genotype.
- Phenotype ratio of TT x tt: All tall.
Selective Breeding and Heredity
- Selective breeding example: Breeding cattle for higher milk yield.
- Crossbreeding: Increases variety in offspring.
- Inbreeding: Breeding within closely related individuals.
- Albinism: Absence of melanin production.
- Pedigree chart: Represents inheritance of traits across generations.
Advanced Conceptual Questions
- Chromosome reduction in meiosis: Homologous chromosomes separate in anaphase I.
- Heterozygous cross (single trait) phenotypic ratio: 3:1.
- Blood group AB x O: Possible offspring blood groups are A, or B, or O.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of cell division with this quiz on mitosis and meiosis. Learn about the phases, key terms, and differences between the two processes. Test your knowledge on chromosomes and DNA structure as well.
