Mitosis and Meiosis: Cell Division

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Questions and Answers

What is meiosis?

Meiosis is the process of sex cell division.

What is produced by mitosis?

Parent cells divide and produce two daughter cells in mitosis.

What is cell division important for?

Cell division is important in tissue growth, repair, and replacement.

What happens in the G1 phase of interphase?

<p>New organs are produced, proteins increase, and centrioles begin to replicate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the S phase?

<p>DNA replication takes place and the DNA is unwound by enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major events that take place once interphase is complete?

<p>Mitosis (division of the nucleus) and cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in prophase?

<p>Chromatin tightly packed DNA and protein form chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase?

<p>Centromeres that held sister chromatids together separate; chromatids are pulled by the spindle fibers towards the poles or end of cell; each sister chromatid is now a chromosome with its own centromere; Cytokinesis begins at this point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cytokinesis

<p>Cytokinesis is part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mitosis

Cell division resulting in two daughter cells with the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

Meiosis

Cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division.

Chromosomes

The tightly packed structure of DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a dividing cell.

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Prophase

The first phase of mitosis where chromatin condenses into chromosomes.

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Metaphase

The second phase of mitosis where chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.

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Anaphase

The third phase of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

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Telophase

The final phase of mitosis where new nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes.

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Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.

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Study Notes

  • Mitosis and meiosis are the two types of cell division.
  • Meiosis produces sex cells: egg (female) and sperm (male).
  • Mitosis occurs in all other cells in the body.
  • In mitosis, parent cells divide to produce two daughter cells.
  • Cell division is important for tissue growth, repair, and replacement.

Interphase Sections

  • G1 Phase: New organelles are produced, protein levels increase, and centrioles start to replicate.
  • S Phase: DNA replication occurs and DNA is unwound by enzymes.
  • G2 Phase: Centriole replication finishes, preparing for cell division.
  • After interphase, the mitotic phase begins
  • Mitosis is the division of the nucleus.
  • Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm.
  • The M phase has 4 phases.

Mitosis Phases

  • Prophase: Chromatin condenses into tightly packed DNA and proteins, forming chromosomes.
  • Metaphase: Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes, aligning them at the cell's equatorial plate.
  • Anaphase: Centromeres holding sister chromatids separate, pulling them to opposite poles via spindle fibers, turning each into its own chromosome; cytokinesis begins.
  • Telophase: A new nuclear envelope forms, nucleolus reforms, spindle fibers break down, and chromosomes uncoil into chromatin as cytokinesis continues, resulting in two new daughter cells, concluding cell division.
  • Cytokinesis is the final step in cell division.

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