Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis produces body cells for growth/repair, while meiosis creates sperm and egg cells (gametes) for sexual reproduction.

Sperm and egg cells are known as gametes; they are essential for sexual reproduction.

"2n" refers to having two sets of chromosomes, indicating a diploid cell.

A person receives 23 chromosomes from their mother and 23 from their father.

Chromatids are held together by the centromere.

With 92 chromatids, there are 46 chromosomes, since each chromosome consists of two chromatids.

Chromosomes are duplicated during interphase, preparing the cell for division.

Meiosis involves two rounds of Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase (PMAAT).

In prophase I of meiosis, chromosomes do not duplicate; instead, they thicken, cross over, and pair with homologous chromosomes.

In meiosis, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in two lines, not a single file.

Spindle fibers pull chromosomes away from the middle of the cell during anaphase.

In Anaphase I of meiosis, chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.

At the end of mitosis, there are 2 identical diploid cells.

In metaphase I, chromosomes align in two lines, whereas in metaphase II, they align in a single file line.

In anaphase II, chromatids are pulled away from the center of the cell.

Mitosis results in identical cells.

The non-identical cells created in meiosis (eggs in females, sperm in males) are called gametes.

The cells created in meiosis are non-identical, promoting genetic diversity.

Four cells are created in meiosis, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Two cells are created in mitosis, each identical to the parent cell.

Haploid means having just one set of chromosomes, with one copy of each chromosome.