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Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Cell Division
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Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Cell Division

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@MesmerizedElder

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of mitosis in a cell?

  • To ensure each daughter cell receives the original genetic information (correct)
  • To combine two nuclei into one
  • To split the cytoplasm into two separate cells
  • To grow and replicate DNA

    • What happens to the chromosomes during the first phase of mitosis?

  • They become more compact and visible under a light microscope (correct)
  • They disappear and are replaced with new ones
  • They replicate again
  • They split into two separate chromosomes

    • What is the role of the centromere in mitosis?

  • To separate the cytoplasm into two cells
  • To replicate the DNA
  • To destroy the chromosomes
  • To connect two sister chromatids (correct)

    • What is the end result of cytokinesis?

    <p>Two cells with one nucleus each</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of a cell growing and replicating its DNA?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the diffuse, unfolded state of chromosomes?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of DNA replication during interphase?

    <p>One chromosome with two sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a chromosome and a sister chromatid?

    <p>A chromosome is one unit of genetic information, a sister chromatid is a copy of that unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During prophase, what is the primary function of the centrosomes?

    <p>To migrate to opposite ends of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope disappears?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects sister chromatids?

    <p>Centromeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of centrioles?

    <p>To help organize microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During prophase, what happens to the DNA?

    <p>It condenses into visible chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microtubules in mitosis?

    <p>To coordinate the movement of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the entire process of cell division?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a function of centrosomes?

    <p>To synthesize DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of centrosomes in mitosis?

    <p>To coordinate the movement of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes are lined up at the center of the cell?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stage where the microtubules start pulling the sister chromatids apart?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the point where the microtubules connect to the chromosomes called?

    <p>Kinetochore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of the cellular membrane pinching in to form two cells?

    <p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the nuclear membrane during telophase?

    <p>It reforms around each set of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes start to unwind and return to their chromatin form?

    <p>Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chromosomes once they have separated and are no longer sister chromatids?

    <p>Independent chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope disappears and the chromosomes condense?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of cell division?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of mitosis that comes after anaphase?

    <p>Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mitosis: Cell Division

    • Mitosis is the process by which one nucleus turns into two nuclei, each with the original genetic information.
    • Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis, which splits each nucleus into a separate cell.

    Prophase

    • During prophase, the DNA condenses into visible chromosomes.
    • The nuclear membrane starts to disappear.
    • The centrosomes migrate to opposite sides of the cell.
    • Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids connected at the centromere.

    Metaphase

    • The nuclear membrane is gone, and the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
    • The centrosomes are at opposite ends of the cell.
    • Microtubules extend from the centrosomes to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
    • The microtubules help pull and push things in the right way.

    Anaphase

    • The microtubules start pulling on each of the sister chromatids.
    • Each centrosome pulls one of the sister chromatids towards it.
    • This process results in four chromosomes, each an independent chromosome.

    Telophase

    • The cellular membrane starts to pinch in preparation for cytokinesis.
    • The DNA begins to unwind, and the nuclear membranes start to form around the DNA.
    • The centrosomes re-form, and the DNA returns to its chromatin form.

    Cytokinesis

    • Cytokinesis is the process by which the cell splits into two separate cells.
    • It begins near the end of mitosis and finishes after telophase.
    • The cellular membrane pinches together, fully dividing the larger cell into two separate cells.

    Cell Cycle

    • After cytokinesis, each new cell goes through interphase (G1, S-phase, G2 phase).
    • The cell then goes through mitosis again, and the process repeats.
    • This process results in exponential cell growth.

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    Description

    Learn about the process of mitosis, where one nucleus turns into two with the same genetic information, and cytokinesis, which splits each nucleus into two cells.

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