Mitosis and Chromosome Structure
35 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the function of the centromere in a chromosome?

  • It binds sister chromatids together. (correct)
  • It determines the length of the chromosome.
  • It contains the genetic information.
  • It produces ribosomal RNA.
  • What is a chromatid?

  • A short microtubule structure.
  • The region where DNA is connected.
  • One half of a duplicated chromosome. (correct)
  • A complete set of chromosomes.
  • What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

  • To divide a single parent cell into two daughter cells (correct)
  • To fuse two cells into one
  • To produce gametes with half the chromosome number
  • To increase genetic variation in a population
  • How many pairs of chromosomes are present in a human cell?

    <p>23 pairs of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'diploid' refer to in the context of daughter cells produced by mitosis?

    <p>Having two sets of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arm of a chromosome is referred to as the p arm?

    <p>The short arm of the chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term 'mitosis'?

    <p>Division of the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are centrioles primarily involved in?

    <p>Generating cell movement and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cells does mitosis primarily occur?

    <p>Body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the centromere in cell division?

    <p>To bind sister chromatids together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is NOT true about the cells produced by mitosis?

    <p>They are haploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for attaching chromosomes to spindle fibers?

    <p>Kinetochore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are centrioles primarily composed of?

    <p>Short microtubules arranged in an open-ended cylinder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do spindle fibers play during cell division?

    <p>They pull sister chromatids apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes asters in relation to centrioles?

    <p>They form star-shaped arrays of microtubule fibers around centriole pairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the metaphase stage of mitosis?

    <p>Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure attaches to the centromere of sister chromatids during metaphase?

    <p>Spindle fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT formed during metaphase?

    <p>Sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of spindle fibers in metaphase?

    <p>To align chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the equatorial plate during metaphase?

    <p>It is where sister chromatids align</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the chromatids during telophase?

    <p>They uncondense into chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms in animal cells during telophase?

    <p>Cleavage furrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key event that occurs in telophase?

    <p>Nucleus and nucleolus reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In telophase, what do plant cells form to aid in division?

    <p>Cell plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Telophase is characterized as the reverse of which phase?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

    <p>Spindle fibers separate the sister chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of spindle fibers during anaphase?

    <p>They pull apart sister chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what phase do sister chromatids reach the opposite ends of the poles?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the chromosomes during anaphase?

    <p>They separate into individual chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the correct separation of sister chromatids essential?

    <p>It ensures an equal distribution of genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during prophase in mitosis?

    <p>Sister Chromatids condense from Chromatin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure disintegrates during prophase?

    <p>Nucleus and Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of chromosomes at the beginning of prophase?

    <p>They are replicated but uncondensed as Chromatin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes Sister Chromatids?

    <p>They remain throughout prophase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do chromosomes change as prophase begins?

    <p>They become thicker and shorter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mitosis

    • Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in body cells.
    • During mitosis, a single parent cell divides into two diploid daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

    Parts of a Chromosome

    • Centromere: The point where the DNA is located and connects the short (p) arm and the long (q) arm of the chromosome.
    • Centrioles: Short microtubules arranged in an open-ended cylinder that function in pairs and help generate cell movement.
    • Asters: Star-shaped arrays of microtubule fibers that form around each pair of centrioles.
    • Spindle fibers/mitotic spindle: Microtubule fibers that attach to chromosomes and help to equally divide them during mitosis.
    • Kinetochore: A protein structure that attaches chromosomes to spindle fibers, helping to pull sister chromatids apart.

    Chromatid

    • A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome.
    • A single chromosome is called a chromatid.
    • A complete set of chromosomes in a human cell (23 pairs) is referred to as a 46 chromosome.

    Phases of Mitosis

    Prophase

    • Chromatin (uncondensed chromosomes) condenses into sister chromatids (condensed chromosomes).
    • The nucleus and nucleolus disintegrate.
    • Sister chromatids remain attached to each other.

    Metaphase

    • Centrioles, asters, and spindle fibers are formed.
    • Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of sister chromatids.
    • Sister chromatids align at the center of the equatorial plate.

    Anaphase

    • Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart.
    • Sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.

    Telophase

    • Telophase is the reverse of prophase.
    • The nucleus and nucleolus re-form.
    • Chromatids uncondense into chromatin.
    • A cleavage furrow forms in animal cells and a cell plate forms in plant cells, dividing the cell into two daughter cells.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the fascinating process of mitosis and learn about the intricate parts of a chromosome. This quiz covers key concepts such as centromeres, spindle fibers, and chromatids, providing a comprehensive overview of cell division. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of cellular biology.

    More Like This

    Cell Division and Chromosome Structure
    13 questions
    Cell Biology: Chromosome Structure and Mitosis
    37 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser