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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the centromere in a chromosome?
What is the function of the centromere in a chromosome?
- It binds sister chromatids together. (correct)
- It determines the length of the chromosome.
- It contains the genetic information.
- It produces ribosomal RNA.
What is a chromatid?
What is a chromatid?
- A short microtubule structure.
- The region where DNA is connected.
- One half of a duplicated chromosome. (correct)
- A complete set of chromosomes.
What is the primary purpose of mitosis?
What is the primary purpose of mitosis?
- To divide a single parent cell into two daughter cells (correct)
- To fuse two cells into one
- To produce gametes with half the chromosome number
- To increase genetic variation in a population
How many pairs of chromosomes are present in a human cell?
How many pairs of chromosomes are present in a human cell?
What does the term 'diploid' refer to in the context of daughter cells produced by mitosis?
What does the term 'diploid' refer to in the context of daughter cells produced by mitosis?
Which arm of a chromosome is referred to as the p arm?
Which arm of a chromosome is referred to as the p arm?
Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term 'mitosis'?
Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term 'mitosis'?
What are centrioles primarily involved in?
What are centrioles primarily involved in?
In which type of cells does mitosis primarily occur?
In which type of cells does mitosis primarily occur?
What is the primary function of the centromere in cell division?
What is the primary function of the centromere in cell division?
Which statement is NOT true about the cells produced by mitosis?
Which statement is NOT true about the cells produced by mitosis?
Which structure is responsible for attaching chromosomes to spindle fibers?
Which structure is responsible for attaching chromosomes to spindle fibers?
What are centrioles primarily composed of?
What are centrioles primarily composed of?
What role do spindle fibers play during cell division?
What role do spindle fibers play during cell division?
What describes asters in relation to centrioles?
What describes asters in relation to centrioles?
What occurs during the metaphase stage of mitosis?
What occurs during the metaphase stage of mitosis?
Which structure attaches to the centromere of sister chromatids during metaphase?
Which structure attaches to the centromere of sister chromatids during metaphase?
Which of the following is NOT formed during metaphase?
Which of the following is NOT formed during metaphase?
What is the primary role of spindle fibers in metaphase?
What is the primary role of spindle fibers in metaphase?
What is the significance of the equatorial plate during metaphase?
What is the significance of the equatorial plate during metaphase?
What occurs to the chromatids during telophase?
What occurs to the chromatids during telophase?
Which structure forms in animal cells during telophase?
Which structure forms in animal cells during telophase?
What is a key event that occurs in telophase?
What is a key event that occurs in telophase?
In telophase, what do plant cells form to aid in division?
In telophase, what do plant cells form to aid in division?
Telophase is characterized as the reverse of which phase?
Telophase is characterized as the reverse of which phase?
What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?
What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?
What is the role of spindle fibers during anaphase?
What is the role of spindle fibers during anaphase?
At what phase do sister chromatids reach the opposite ends of the poles?
At what phase do sister chromatids reach the opposite ends of the poles?
What happens to the chromosomes during anaphase?
What happens to the chromosomes during anaphase?
Why is the correct separation of sister chromatids essential?
Why is the correct separation of sister chromatids essential?
What occurs during prophase in mitosis?
What occurs during prophase in mitosis?
Which structure disintegrates during prophase?
Which structure disintegrates during prophase?
What is the state of chromosomes at the beginning of prophase?
What is the state of chromosomes at the beginning of prophase?
Which statement accurately describes Sister Chromatids?
Which statement accurately describes Sister Chromatids?
How do chromosomes change as prophase begins?
How do chromosomes change as prophase begins?
Study Notes
Mitosis
- Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in body cells.
- During mitosis, a single parent cell divides into two diploid daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Parts of a Chromosome
- Centromere: The point where the DNA is located and connects the short (p) arm and the long (q) arm of the chromosome.
- Centrioles: Short microtubules arranged in an open-ended cylinder that function in pairs and help generate cell movement.
- Asters: Star-shaped arrays of microtubule fibers that form around each pair of centrioles.
- Spindle fibers/mitotic spindle: Microtubule fibers that attach to chromosomes and help to equally divide them during mitosis.
- Kinetochore: A protein structure that attaches chromosomes to spindle fibers, helping to pull sister chromatids apart.
Chromatid
- A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome.
- A single chromosome is called a chromatid.
- A complete set of chromosomes in a human cell (23 pairs) is referred to as a 46 chromosome.
Phases of Mitosis
Prophase
- Chromatin (uncondensed chromosomes) condenses into sister chromatids (condensed chromosomes).
- The nucleus and nucleolus disintegrate.
- Sister chromatids remain attached to each other.
Metaphase
- Centrioles, asters, and spindle fibers are formed.
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of sister chromatids.
- Sister chromatids align at the center of the equatorial plate.
Anaphase
- Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart.
- Sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase
- Telophase is the reverse of prophase.
- The nucleus and nucleolus re-form.
- Chromatids uncondense into chromatin.
- A cleavage furrow forms in animal cells and a cell plate forms in plant cells, dividing the cell into two daughter cells.
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Description
Explore the fascinating process of mitosis and learn about the intricate parts of a chromosome. This quiz covers key concepts such as centromeres, spindle fibers, and chromatids, providing a comprehensive overview of cell division. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of cellular biology.
