Mitosis and Chromosome Structure

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the centromere in a chromosome?

It binds sister chromatids together. (correct)

It determines the length of the chromosome.

It contains the genetic information.

It produces ribosomal RNA.

What is a chromatid?

A short microtubule structure.

The region where DNA is connected.

One half of a duplicated chromosome. (correct)

A complete set of chromosomes.

What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

To divide a single parent cell into two daughter cells (correct)

To fuse two cells into one

To produce gametes with half the chromosome number

To increase genetic variation in a population

How many pairs of chromosomes are present in a human cell?

23 pairs of chromosomes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'diploid' refer to in the context of daughter cells produced by mitosis?

Having two sets of chromosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which arm of a chromosome is referred to as the p arm?

The short arm of the chromosome. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term 'mitosis'?

Division of the nucleus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are centrioles primarily involved in?

Generating cell movement and function. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cells does mitosis primarily occur?

Body cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the centromere in cell division?

To bind sister chromatids together (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is NOT true about the cells produced by mitosis?

They are haploid (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for attaching chromosomes to spindle fibers?

Kinetochore (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are centrioles primarily composed of?

Short microtubules arranged in an open-ended cylinder (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role do spindle fibers play during cell division?

They pull sister chromatids apart. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What describes asters in relation to centrioles?

They form star-shaped arrays of microtubule fibers around centriole pairs. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the metaphase stage of mitosis?

Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure attaches to the centromere of sister chromatids during metaphase?

Spindle fiber (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT formed during metaphase?

Sister chromatids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of spindle fibers in metaphase?

To align chromosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the equatorial plate during metaphase?

It is where sister chromatids align (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the chromatids during telophase?

They uncondense into chromatin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms in animal cells during telophase?

Cleavage furrow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key event that occurs in telophase?

Nucleus and nucleolus reform (C) Signup and view all the answers

In telophase, what do plant cells form to aid in division?

Cell plate (D) Signup and view all the answers

Telophase is characterized as the reverse of which phase?

Prophase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Spindle fibers separate the sister chromatids. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of spindle fibers during anaphase?

They pull apart sister chromatids. (B) Signup and view all the answers

At what phase do sister chromatids reach the opposite ends of the poles?

Anaphase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chromosomes during anaphase?

They separate into individual chromatids. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the correct separation of sister chromatids essential?

It ensures an equal distribution of genetic material. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during prophase in mitosis?

Sister Chromatids condense from Chromatin. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure disintegrates during prophase?

Nucleus and Nucleolus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of chromosomes at the beginning of prophase?

They are replicated but uncondensed as Chromatin. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes Sister Chromatids?

They remain throughout prophase. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do chromosomes change as prophase begins?

They become thicker and shorter. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mitosis

Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in body cells.
During mitosis, a single parent cell divides into two diploid daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Parts of a Chromosome

Centromere: The point where the DNA is located and connects the short (p) arm and the long (q) arm of the chromosome.
Centrioles: Short microtubules arranged in an open-ended cylinder that function in pairs and help generate cell movement.
Asters: Star-shaped arrays of microtubule fibers that form around each pair of centrioles.
Spindle fibers/mitotic spindle: Microtubule fibers that attach to chromosomes and help to equally divide them during mitosis.
Kinetochore: A protein structure that attaches chromosomes to spindle fibers, helping to pull sister chromatids apart.

Chromatid

A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome.
A single chromosome is called a chromatid.
A complete set of chromosomes in a human cell (23 pairs) is referred to as a 46 chromosome.

Phases of Mitosis

Prophase

Chromatin (uncondensed chromosomes) condenses into sister chromatids (condensed chromosomes).
The nucleus and nucleolus disintegrate.
Sister chromatids remain attached to each other.

Metaphase

Centrioles, asters, and spindle fibers are formed.
Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of sister chromatids.
Sister chromatids align at the center of the equatorial plate.

Anaphase

Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart.
Sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.

Telophase

Telophase is the reverse of prophase.
The nucleus and nucleolus re-form.
Chromatids uncondense into chromatin.
A cleavage furrow forms in animal cells and a cell plate forms in plant cells, dividing the cell into two daughter cells.

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Description

Explore the fascinating process of mitosis and learn about the intricate parts of a chromosome. This quiz covers key concepts such as centromeres, spindle fibers, and chromatids, providing a comprehensive overview of cell division. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of cellular biology.