Mitochondrion Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the outer membrane of a mitochondrion?

To allow easy access of small, water-soluble molecules into the intermembrane space (correct)

To provide selective barrier control

To form cristae

To control what ions and molecules can enter the matrix

What is the typical diameter of mitochondria?

1 nm

1 μm (correct)

10 μm

100 nm

What structure in the mitochondrion is folded to form finger-like cristae?

Outer membrane

Matrix

Intermembrane space

Inner membrane (correct)

What is the space between the two membranes of a mitochondrion called?

Intermembrane space Signup and view all the answers

Which membrane of a mitochondrion is described as a far more selective barrier?

Inner membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cristae in mitochondria?

Increase the surface area for ATP generation Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient sources are utilized in the production of ATP in mitochondria?

Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Where does the electron transport chain take place in mitochondria?

Inner mitochondrial membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which process directly drives the synthesis of ATP in mitochondria?

Oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitochondrial DNA in ATP production?

Ensures accurate protein synthesis for ATP generation Signup and view all the answers

How do the cristae in mitochondria contribute to cellular energy production?

Increase efficiency of ATP synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Krebs Cycle?

Producing reducing agents such as NADH and FADH2 Signup and view all the answers

Where do the eight chemical reactions of the Krebs Cycle take place?

Matrix of mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is responsible for encoding essential proteins related to mitochondrial function?

Mitochondrial DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of mitochondria in cellular homeostasis?

ATP production Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis, degradation, and replacement of mitochondria?

Mitochondria themselves Signup and view all the answers

In the electron transport chain, where are the components located that are encoded by mitochondrial DNA?

On the inner mitochondrial membrane Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mitochondria have a complex structure, as shown in Figures 1.16, 1.22, 12.13, and 12.14.
They are typically around 1 μm in diameter and can take various shapes, often resembling sausages as depicted in Figure 1.22.
Mitochondria are enclosed by two membranes: an outer membrane and an inner membrane.
The inner membrane is folded into finger-like projections called cristae, which extend into the matrix.
The intermembrane space lies between the two membranes.
The outer membrane includes a transport protein named porin, forming wide aqueous channels for easy penetration of small, water-soluble molecules from the cytoplasm into the intermembrane space.
The inner membrane acts as a selective barrier, controlling what ions and molecules enter the matrix.

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Description

Explore the structure of mitochondria as seen through an electron microscope, including details on their size, shape, membranes, cristae, matrix, and intermembrane space. Learn about the functions and features of mitochondria.