Mitochondria Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the cristae in the mitochondria?

  • To increase the surface area of the outer membrane
  • To increase the surface area of the inner membrane (correct)
  • To reduce the surface area of the inner membrane
  • To reduce the surface area of the outer membrane

What is the approximate percentage of total oxygen uptake in most cells accounted for by the cytochrome oxidase complex?

  • 90% (correct)
  • 50%
  • 95%
  • 75%

What is the site of the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis in the mitochondria?

  • Outer membrane
  • Inner membrane (correct)
  • Matrix
  • Inter membrane space

Which of the following electron carriers also carry protons?

<p>FMN (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net production of ATP molecules from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose in the cytosol?

<p>2 ATP molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of adding an electron to a molecule?

<p>Reduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of uncoupling proteins in mitochondria?

<p>To dissipate energy as heat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ATP synthase in mitochondrial respiration?

<p>To produce ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the component of hydrogen that is involved in electron transfer?

<p>Electron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are added to FAD during its reduction?

<p>2 electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate efficiency of ATP production from glucose in respiration?

<p>40% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced from the respiration of one glucose molecule?

<p>38 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the organelle responsible for generating most of the energy for the cell?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of diameters of mitochondria?

<p>0.5-1 micrometres (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

<p>Inner mitochondrial membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many mitochondria are typically found in a liver cell?

<p>1000-2000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytochrome C in cellular regulation?

<p>Regulation of cell death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cycle where acetyl CoA is oxidized?

<p>Citric acid cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cyanide on mitochondrial respiration?

<p>It stops electron transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of uncoupling proteins in brown adipocytes?

<p>To maintain body temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the electron transport chain?

<p>To break the large free-energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytochrome oxidase complex in the electron transport chain?

<p>To account for around 90% of the total oxygen uptake in most cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cyanide on the electron transport chain?

<p>It stops electron transport and greatly reduces ATP production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of uncoupling proteins in mitochondria?

<p>To dissipate energy as heat and allow continuous reoxidation of coenzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape and movement of mitochondria?

<p>They are remarkably plastic and can change shape and move around the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

<p>To be the site of the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of reduction?

<p>The addition of an electron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules can be produced from one glucose molecule under aerobic conditions?

<p>4 ATP molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the citric acid cycle?

<p>To produce reduced electron carriers for the electron transport chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ATP synthase?

<p>To synthesize ATP molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondrial inner membrane's lipid bilayer?

<p>To regulate the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the number of mitochondria and the energy requirements of a cell?

<p>The number of mitochondria is directly proportional to the energy requirements of a cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the mitochondrial cristae on the inner membrane's surface area?

<p>They increase the surface area of the inner membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net result of the metabolism of one glucose molecule in the cytosol?

<p>The production of 2 ATP molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the component of hydrogen involved in electron transfer?

<p>The electron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the intermembrane space in mitochondria?

<p>To separate the mitochondrial matrix from the cytosol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of mitochondrial shape and movement?

<p>They are dynamic and can change shape and move around the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mitochondrial matrix in cellular metabolism?

<p>It is the site of pyruvate and fatty acid metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between oxidation and reduction?

<p>Oxidation is the removal of an electron, while reduction is the addition of an electron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix?

<p>To metabolize pyruvate and fatty acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in mitochondrial respiration?

<p>To break the large free-energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

<p>It is freely permeable to small molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net effect of uncoupling proteins on the energy generated from substrate oxidation?

<p>It dissipates the energy as heat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytochromes in the electron transport chain?

<p>They are the electron carriers that transfer electrons from NADH to O2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondrial matrix?

<p>It is the site of pyruvate and fatty acid metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cyanide on the electron transport chain?

<p>It stops electron transport and reduces ATP production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondria?

<p>They are highly specialized and can change shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP synthase in the electron transport chain?

<p>It is the protein complex that generates ATP through chemiosmosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle?

<p>It produces reduced electron carriers for the electron transport chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of uncoupling proteins on the regulation of cell death?

<p>It increases the regulation of cell death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria?

<p>To transport electrons from NADH to oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT a carrier of protons?

<p>FeS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of uncoupling proteins on ATP production in mitochondria?

<p>It dissipates energy as heat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cytochrome oxidase complex in the electron transport chain?

<p>It accounts for 90% of oxygen uptake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the multi-protein complex ATP synthase?

<p>It produces ATP from the energy generated by the electron transport chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cristae in the mitochondria?

<p>To increase the surface area for the electron transport chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the electron transport chain?

<p>It involves the transfer of electrons from NADH to oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cyanide on the electron transport chain?

<p>It stops electron transport and greatly reduces ATP production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the inner mitochondrial membrane in the electron transport chain?

<p>It is the location of the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the efficiency of ATP production from glucose in respiration?

<p>It is a measure of the energy generated from glucose oxidation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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