60 Questions
What is the function of the cristae in the mitochondria?
To increase the surface area of the inner membrane
What is the approximate percentage of total oxygen uptake in most cells accounted for by the cytochrome oxidase complex?
90%
What is the site of the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis in the mitochondria?
Inner membrane
Which of the following electron carriers also carry protons?
FMN
What is the net production of ATP molecules from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose in the cytosol?
2 ATP molecules
What is the process of adding an electron to a molecule?
Reduction
What is the role of uncoupling proteins in mitochondria?
To dissipate energy as heat
What is the function of ATP synthase in mitochondrial respiration?
To produce ATP
What is the component of hydrogen that is involved in electron transfer?
Electron
How many electrons are added to FAD during its reduction?
2 electrons
What is the approximate efficiency of ATP production from glucose in respiration?
40%
What is the total number of ATP molecules produced from the respiration of one glucose molecule?
38
What is the organelle responsible for generating most of the energy for the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the range of diameters of mitochondria?
0.5-1 micrometres
What is the primary location of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
How many mitochondria are typically found in a liver cell?
1000-2000
What is the role of cytochrome C in cellular regulation?
Regulation of cell death
What is the name of the cycle where acetyl CoA is oxidized?
Citric acid cycle
What is the effect of cyanide on mitochondrial respiration?
It stops electron transport
What is the primary function of uncoupling proteins in brown adipocytes?
To maintain body temperature
What is the function of the electron transport chain?
To break the large free-energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts
What is the role of cytochrome oxidase complex in the electron transport chain?
To account for around 90% of the total oxygen uptake in most cells
What is the effect of cyanide on the electron transport chain?
It stops electron transport and greatly reduces ATP production
What is the purpose of uncoupling proteins in mitochondria?
To dissipate energy as heat and allow continuous reoxidation of coenzymes
What is the shape and movement of mitochondria?
They are remarkably plastic and can change shape and move around the cell
What is the function of the inner mitochondrial membrane?
To be the site of the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
What is the process of reduction?
The addition of an electron
How many ATP molecules can be produced from one glucose molecule under aerobic conditions?
4 ATP molecules
What is the function of the citric acid cycle?
To produce reduced electron carriers for the electron transport chain
What is the function of ATP synthase?
To synthesize ATP molecules
What is the primary function of the mitochondrial inner membrane's lipid bilayer?
To regulate the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
What is the relationship between the number of mitochondria and the energy requirements of a cell?
The number of mitochondria is directly proportional to the energy requirements of a cell
What is the effect of the mitochondrial cristae on the inner membrane's surface area?
They increase the surface area of the inner membrane
What is the net result of the metabolism of one glucose molecule in the cytosol?
The production of 2 ATP molecules
What is the component of hydrogen involved in electron transfer?
The electron
What is the purpose of the intermembrane space in mitochondria?
To separate the mitochondrial matrix from the cytosol
What is the characteristic of mitochondrial shape and movement?
They are dynamic and can change shape and move around the cell
What is the role of the mitochondrial matrix in cellular metabolism?
It is the site of pyruvate and fatty acid metabolism
What is the difference between oxidation and reduction?
Oxidation is the removal of an electron, while reduction is the addition of an electron
What is the function of the enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix?
To metabolize pyruvate and fatty acids
What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in mitochondrial respiration?
To break the large free-energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the inner mitochondrial membrane?
It is freely permeable to small molecules
What is the net effect of uncoupling proteins on the energy generated from substrate oxidation?
It dissipates the energy as heat
What is the role of cytochromes in the electron transport chain?
They are the electron carriers that transfer electrons from NADH to O2
What is the primary function of the mitochondrial matrix?
It is the site of pyruvate and fatty acid metabolism
What is the effect of cyanide on the electron transport chain?
It stops electron transport and reduces ATP production
Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondria?
They are highly specialized and can change shape
What is the role of ATP synthase in the electron transport chain?
It is the protein complex that generates ATP through chemiosmosis
What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle?
It produces reduced electron carriers for the electron transport chain
What is the effect of uncoupling proteins on the regulation of cell death?
It increases the regulation of cell death
What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria?
To transport electrons from NADH to oxygen
Which of the following components is NOT a carrier of protons?
FeS
What is the effect of uncoupling proteins on ATP production in mitochondria?
It dissipates energy as heat
What is the role of the cytochrome oxidase complex in the electron transport chain?
It accounts for 90% of oxygen uptake
What is the function of the multi-protein complex ATP synthase?
It produces ATP from the energy generated by the electron transport chain
What is the purpose of the cristae in the mitochondria?
To increase the surface area for the electron transport chain
Which of the following is a characteristic of the electron transport chain?
It involves the transfer of electrons from NADH to oxygen
What is the effect of cyanide on the electron transport chain?
It stops electron transport and greatly reduces ATP production
What is the role of the inner mitochondrial membrane in the electron transport chain?
It is the location of the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
What is the significance of the efficiency of ATP production from glucose in respiration?
It is a measure of the energy generated from glucose oxidation
Learn about the characteristics and behavior of mitochondria, including their shape, size, and movement within cells. Discover how their number varies according to energy requirements. Test your knowledge of these essential cellular organelles!
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