Miranda Rights and Law Enforcement Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What did the Supreme Court decide in Miranda v. Arizona?

The accused person has the right to remain silent under the Fifth Amendment.

What is 'custodial interrogation' as referred to by the Supreme Court?

Questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody.

Under what conditions may the accused waive effectuation of their rights according to Miranda v. Arizona?

The waiver must be made voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently.

What is considered 'custodial interrogation' in the context of Miranda v. Arizona?

Questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody or deprived of freedom of action. Signup and view all the answers

In what situation must police cease questioning a juvenile?

When the juvenile requests to speak with his or her parents before giving a statement Signup and view all the answers

Why does imprisonment alone not constitute custody under Miranda?

Because Miranda does not hold that custodial interrogation pressures are always present when a prisoner is questioned about events outside the prison walls Signup and view all the answers

When does the Sixth Amendment right to counsel attach?

At the initiation of the prosecution Signup and view all the answers

What happens once the Sixth Amendment right attaches for a given charge?

The suspect cannot be questioned about that charge without counsel present Signup and view all the answers

What is important for police to do before asking an inmate about events unrelated to incarceration?

Ensure that the interview occurs in a well-lit, non-intimidating room Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of when a prosecution is initiated for Sixth Amendment purposes?

When an indictment is filed Signup and view all the answers

For what purpose does Miranda hold that inherently compelling pressures exist during custodial interrogation?

To acknowledge that inherently compelling pressures do not always exist when prisoners are questioned about events outside prison walls Signup and view all the answers

What must officers avoid doing once the Sixth Amendment right attaches for a given charge?

Deliberately eliciting incriminating statements from the suspect outside the presence of his or her counsel Signup and view all the answers

What does Miranda require before questioning a prisoner about events unrelated to incarceration?

Questioning only occurs in a non-intimidating room Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for determining whether coercive police conduct occurred when a juvenile was taken into custody?

Considering whether attempts were made to notify one of the parents or guardians Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to refer to questioning initiated by law enforcement officers?

Interrogation Signup and view all the answers

In what case was it ruled that the question 'why are you running' constituted a custodial interrogation?

Senser v. State Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what must happen if a suspect invokes his or her Miranda rights but later reinitiates communication?

The suspect must be reminded of his or her Miranda rights Signup and view all the answers

In which case was it stated that routine booking questions designed to lead to essential biographical data are not considered interrogation?

Allred v. State Signup and view all the answers

What was the ruling in Clark v. State regarding a suspect's invocation of the right to remain silent?

An inculpatory statement is admissible if it was voluntary and initiated by the defendant Signup and view all the answers

In which case was it ruled that police may not circumvent the Miranda requirement by using a 'two-step' interview technique?

Missouri v. Seibert Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions designed to lead to essential biographical data are not considered interrogation?

Routine booking questions Signup and view all the answers

In which case did the Florida Supreme Court state that a Miranda interrogation by police after the person signed a claim of rights form at or shortly before a first appearance hearing is valid?

Sapp v. State Signup and view all the answers

What did the court rule about routine booking questions in Allred v. State?

'Routine booking questions' designed to lead to essential biographical data are not considered interrogation Signup and view all the answers

What does the Court inquire about to decide whether Miranda applies?

Circumstances surrounding the interrogation and whether a reasonable person would have felt at liberty to terminate it Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a suspect's un-Mirandized statements are voluntary according to Oregon v. Elstad and State v. Ernst?

They are admissible when made by the suspect after the Miranda rights are read Signup and view all the answers

What does Lebron v. State state about a single pre-Miranda statement made by an agent to a defendant?

It did not constitute a two-step interrogation process and was valid Signup and view all the answers

What factor will the court consider when examining the totality of the circumstances surrounding the waiver?

The suspect's age, experience, background, and intelligence Signup and view all the answers

According to the 'Edwards Rule', when must the questioning cease immediately?

When the suspect indicates a wish to consult with an attorney before speaking Signup and view all the answers

What did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in the case of Minnick v. Mississippi regarding the 'Edwards Rule'?

Counsel must be made available and must be present during questioning Signup and view all the answers

When does the 'Edwards Rule' no longer apply according to Maryland v. Shatzer?

After 14 days of pretrial custody Signup and view all the answers

In Davis v. U.S., what statement by the defendant was considered not a request for counsel?

"Maybe I should talk to a lawyer" Signup and view all the answers

What type of statement by a suspect waives the right to remain silent according to Berghuis v. Thompkins?

An uncoerced statement to the police Signup and view all the answers

When may police resume questioning after a suspect invokes the right to remain silent?

If the suspect is reminded of Miranda rights and a significant period of time has passed, concerning a different topic than earlier questioning Signup and view all the answers

What happened in Ahedo v. State when the defendant initiated a new conversation about two hours after invoking the right to remain silent?

The defendant's statements were admissible because only a few hours had passed with no indication that earlier warnings had been incorrectly stated or misunderstood by the defendant. Signup and view all the answers

What was held in Jones v. State regarding defendant's request "to arrange to either [sic] for the attorney to see my mother or for me to see my mother"?

It was considered an equivocal request for counsel. Signup and view all the answers

What was held in Martin v. State regarding defendant's statement—“I’d rather not talk about it”?

It was considered an equivocal invocation of his right to remain silent. Signup and view all the answers

What did the court rule in Ferguson v. State regarding defendant’s inquiry about his right to counsel: “[i]s this the time I’m supposed to have a lawyer[.]”?

It was an unequivocal inquiry about defendant’s right to counsel. Signup and view all the answers

What did Daniel v. State hold regarding defendant’s request “Can I have a lawyer.”?

It was an unequivocal request for immediate legal representation. Signup and view all the answers

In Lynumm v. Illinois, when did the defendant's confession become involuntary?

When the police threatened to cut off her state financial aid Signup and view all the answers

According to U.S. v. Patane, what is the admissibility status of physical evidence obtained from a suspect's unMirandized statements?

Admissible Signup and view all the answers

What did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in Colorado v. Connelly regarding suspects who are in pain, intoxicated, or on drugs?

The burden of showing voluntary waiver is on the prosecution Signup and view all the answers

In Taylor v. State, what was the factor that led to the defendant's incriminating statements being admitted into evidence?

The defendant's coherent communication during interrogation Signup and view all the answers

According to New York v. Quarles, in what instances may statements made by a custodial suspect be admissible even without Miranda warnings?

When there is a reasonable fear for the safety of bystanders Signup and view all the answers

What did the Court hold in Quarles regarding warning a suspect before asking certain questions?

A warning is not required for questions motivated primarily by concern for safety Signup and view all the answers

In Benson v. State, why was the defendant's unwarned response admissible?

Because the questioning stemmed from an immediate threat to defendant’s health Signup and view all the answers

What did Samuel v. State establish regarding misleading a defendant to obtain a confession?

'Impermissible promise' is established when misleading about potential charges leads to a confession Signup and view all the answers

According to Arizona v. Fulmiante, what renders a subsequent statement involuntary?

'Credible threat of physical violence' Signup and view all the answers

In Nelson v. State, what type of information will not render a subsequent confession inadmissible?

'Realistic penalties' for the offense under investigation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Miranda v. Arizona

The Supreme Court decided that an individual in custody must be informed of their Fifth Amendment rights before being questioned.
Custodial interrogation refers to questioning by law enforcement officers while the individual is in custody or under arrest.

Conditions for Waiving Rights

The accused may waive their rights if they voluntarily and knowingly give up their right to remain silent.
The waiver must be made with full awareness of the right to remain silent and the consequences of giving up that right.

Custodial Interrogation

Custodial interrogation includes any questioning by law enforcement officers while the individual is in custody or under arrest.
The questioning does not have to be in a police station or jail, but can occur anywhere the individual is in custody.

Questioning a Juvenile

Police must cease questioning a juvenile if they invoke their right to remain silent or request an attorney.

Imprisonment and Custody

Imprisonment alone does not constitute custody under Miranda.

Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel

The Sixth Amendment right to counsel attaches when the prosecution begins, typically at the initiation of formal charges.
Once the Sixth Amendment right attaches, the accused has the right to counsel during all critical stages of the prosecution.

Questioning an Inmate

Before questioning an inmate about events unrelated to incarceration, police must inform them of their rights and obtain a waiver.

Coercive Police Conduct

Essential for determining whether coercive police conduct occurred when a juvenile was taken into custody is to examine the totality of the circumstances.

Initiation of Communication

If a suspect invokes their Miranda rights but later reinitiates communication, the police may resume questioning.

Booking Questions

Routine booking questions designed to lead to essential biographical data are not considered interrogation.

Invocation of Rights

If a suspect invokes their right to remain silent, police must cease questioning immediately.

Two-Step Interview Technique

Police may not circumvent the Miranda requirement by using a two-step interview technique.

Voluntary Statements

If a suspect's un-Mirandized statements are voluntary, they may be admissible in court.

Edwards Rule

The Edwards Rule states that once a suspect invokes their right to counsel, all questioning must cease immediately.
The Edwards Rule no longer applies if the suspect initiates a new conversation.

Waiver of Rights

A suspect's statement can waive their right to remain silent if they make an unambiguous and voluntary request to continue questioning.
The waiver must be made with full awareness of the right to remain silent and the consequences of giving up that right.

Admissibility of Evidence

Physical evidence obtained from a suspect's un-Mirandized statements is admissible in court.
Statements made by a custodial suspect may be admissible even without Miranda warnings if they are made in response to a public safety concern.

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