Questions and Answers
What is the approximate time frame for Early Minoan II (EM II)?
Which pottery style is associated with the Early Minoan period?
During which Middle Minoan period did Linear A writing emerge?
Which of the following styles is characteristic of Late Minoan IB?
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What significant event marked the end of the Middle Minoan II period?
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What characterized the Minoan chronological system proposed by Sir Arthur Evans?
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During which period did the New Palace Period occur?
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Which pottery style is associated with the Old Palace Period?
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What is a defining feature of the Post-Palatial Period?
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Which date range corresponds to the Old Palace Period in Minoan chronology?
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Study Notes
Minoan Civilization Overview
- Crete was inhabited during the Neolithic period around 7000 BCE.
Early Minoan Chronology
- Early Minoan I (EMI): 3100-2700 BCE
- Early Minoan II (EM II): 2700-2200 BCE
- Early Minoan III (EM III): 2200-2000 BCE
- Notable artifacts include Vassiliki Ware pottery, sophisticated stone vessels, fine jewelry, and the early use of seals.
- Active trade networks with Egypt, Levant, Cyprus, Anatolia, Greek mainland, and Cyclades; Cycladic-type art found in Crete.
Middle Minoan Chronology
- Middle Minoan IA: 2000-1900 BCE saw the introduction of hieroglyphic writing.
- Middle Minoan IB: 1900-1800 BCE marked the development of Old Palaces and Kamares ware, characterized by light-on-dark decoration.
- Middle Minoan II: 1800-1750 BCE featured the Linear A script; ended with a significant earthquake destroying palaces.
- Middle Minoan III: 1750-1700 BCE signified the establishment of New Palaces.
Late Minoan Chronology
- Late Minoan IA: 1700-1600 BCE known for the "Floral" pottery style.
- Late Minoan IB: 1600-1500 BCE featured the "Marine" style; destruction events occurred on Crete, possibly due to mainland invasions; only Knossos remained a significant site, dominated by Mycenaean Greeks using Linear B script.
- Late Minoan II: 1500-1450 BCE included the Final Palatial Period with Palace style pottery, prominent at Knossos.
Alternative Chronology
- Nicholas Platon proposed a different system:
- Pre-palace period: Prior to 2000 BCE
- Old Palace Period: 2000/1900-1750 BCE
- New Palace Period: 1750-1340 BCE
- Post-Palatial Period: 1340-1075 BCE
- This chronology is schematic and subject to revision.
Key Pottery Styles
- Kamares ware: Old Palaces, Middle Minoan II, ca. 1800-1750 BCE.
- Late Kamares jar with palm trees: Middle Minoan III, ca. 1700 BCE.
- Floral style jug: Phaistos, Late Minoan IA, ca. 1700-1600 BCE.
- Marine style stirrup jar: Palaikastro, LM IB, ca. 1600-1500 BCE.
- Palace style jars from Knossos:
- One with double axes, LM II, ca. 1500-1450 BCE.
- Another with Mycenaean helmet, LM II, ca. 1500-1450 BCE.
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Description
Explore the standard chronology of Minoan civilization, focusing on the early periods of the Minoans from their Neolithic beginnings around 7000 BCE to the end of the Early Minoan period around 2000 BCE. Learn about significant artifacts such as Vassiliki Ware pottery and early architectural developments in Crete.
