Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the parts of the drilling process with their functions:
Match the parts of the drilling process with their functions:
Drill = Converting energy into rotational and/or percussive energy Drill rod = Attacking the rock with rotational and/or percussive action Bit = Transmitting energy from the drill to the bit Circulation fluid = Penetrating the rock
Match the blasting properties with their definitions:
Match the blasting properties with their definitions:
Velocity of detonation = The pressure exerted as the detonation wave travels through an area Detonation pressure = The speed at which a detonation wave travels through a column of the explosive Borehole pressure = The specific weight of the explosive Density = The gas pressure resulting from the explosion
Match the drilling components with their functions:
Match the drilling components with their functions:
Circulation fluid = Cools the bit and controls dust Drill rod = Transmitting energy from the drill to the bit Bit = Penetrating the rock Drill = Cleaning the hole and stabilizing the hole
Match the blasting properties with their definitions:
Match the blasting properties with their definitions:
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Match the following drilling methods with their suitable applications:
Match the following drilling methods with their suitable applications:
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Match the following drilling machines with their characteristics:
Match the following drilling machines with their characteristics:
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Match the following explosive properties with their definitions:
Match the following explosive properties with their definitions:
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Match the following drilling methods with their typical applications:
Match the following drilling methods with their typical applications:
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Study Notes
Cycle of Operation
- The cycle of operation involves a sequence of unit operations to accomplish mine development and exploitation, repeated to produce mineral commodities.
Production Operations
- Production operations are directly involved in mineral extraction.
Auxiliary Operations
- Auxiliary operations support production but are not directly involved in mineral extraction.
Rock Breakage
- Rock breakage: freeing or detaching large masses of harder rocks from the parent deposit.
Drilling
- Drilling involves a mechanical device that converts energy into rotational and/or percussive energy to penetrate the rock.
- Drill components:
- Drill rod (steel, stem, or pipe): transmits energy from the drill to the bit.
- Bit: attacks the rock with rotational and/or percussive action.
- Circulation fluid: cleans the hole, controls dust, cools the bit, and stabilizes the hole.
- Drilling strength: resistance of rock to penetration by drilling tools.
Explosives
- Explosives: chemical compounds, mixtures, or devices that function by explosion.
- Blasting agent: chemical material that can detonate under the right impulse.
Blasting Properties
- Velocity of detonation: speed at which a detonation wave travels through a column of explosive.
- Detonation pressure: pressure exerted as the detonation wave travels through an area (measured in kilobar units).
- Borehole (explosion) pressure: gas pressure resulting from the explosion, measures an explosive's ability to displace rock.
- Density: specific weight of the explosive, positively correlated with strength in granular explosives.
- Energy output or strength: total energy released by the explosive during its reaction.
- Cap sensitivity: ease of initiation of an explosive when subjected to a shock wave from a detonator.
- Gap sensitivity (sensitiveness): ability of one explosive charge to detonate another with an air gap between the two.
- Water resistance: ability to withstand exposure to water without losing sensitivity or efficiency.
- Fume class: measures the amount of toxic fumes produced by the blast.
Drilling for Exploration
- Hand Auger: used for testing shallow alluvial deposits and in clay and ordinary materials.
- Empire drill: used for prospecting alluvials.
- Churn drill: used in alluvial, lead, zinc, and copper deposits.
- Hydraulic rotary: used in oil well drilling.
- Jetting method: used in moderately consolidated materials and alluvial deposits.
- Diamond drill: used for tough, hard rocks like unaltered igneous rocks, quartz, and slates.
- Chilled-shot drilling: similar to diamond drilling.
Drilling for Blasting Purposes
- Piston drill (hollow type): admits water and air through the hollow steel, dependent on drill size, air pressure, rock hardness, diameter, depth, and time required.
- Traction Drill: suitable for very hard rock and systematic drilling over an extensive area, suitable for open pit mining.
- Leyner-Ingersoll: uses a light piston that strikes the end of the drill set, primarily used in drifting, crosscutting, stoping, and tunnel work in hard rock.
- Air-feed mounting: telescopic air-feed hammer drill to keep the drill at maximum cutting capacity.
- Air-feed hammer drill types:
- Solid steel type: suitable for drilling holes at any angle above 30°, mostly used in stoping and raising.
- Hollow steel type: used in any position, exhaust air blows cuttings out of the hole.
- Non-rotative Hand-held hammer drill: variously termed as hand-feed plugger, plugger, or plug drill, used for small-scale drilling.
- Rotative hand-held hammer: known as jackhammer.
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Description
This quiz covers the sequence of unit operations involved in mine development and exploitation, including production and auxiliary operations, as well as rock breakage and drilling techniques.
