Minerals and Vitamins Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of vitamin includes Vitamin A, D, E, and K?

  • Fat-soluble vitamins (correct)
  • Enzymes
  • Minerals
  • Water-soluble vitamins

    • Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

    True

    Name one mineral salt required for metabolic activities.

    Calcium

    Vitamins do not supply ______ but are essential for releasing energy.

    <p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of water in the body?

    <p>Regulating temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the vitamin with its function:

    <p>Vitamin C = Helps with collagen formation Vitamin B1 = Aids in carbohydrate metabolism Vitamin D = Assists in calcium absorption Vitamin K = Important for blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A balanced diet includes adequate amounts of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the water-soluble vitamins?

    <p>Vitamin C and Vitamin B-complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is known as animal starch?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbohydrates are used to build exoskeletons in arthropods.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one essential function of roughage in the diet.

    <p>It aids in proper functioning of the digestive system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fats and oils are known as __________ fats when they are solid at room temperature.

    <p>saturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a source of unsaturated fats?

    <p>Soybean oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nutrients with their primary importance:

    <p>Carbohydrates = Provide energy Proteins = Synthesis of DNA and RNA Fats = Stored food and insulation Water = Regulates body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins are mainly composed of carbohydrates and fats.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of excessive fat storage in the body?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of roughage in the diet?

    <p>Increases blood cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A balanced diet should contain 60% of proteins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutritional deficiency disease is common in tropical regions due to the high cost of protein foods?

    <p>Kwashiorkor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Roughage is also known as dietary _____ .

    <p>fibre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nutrients with their correct percentage in a balanced diet:

    <p>Carbohydrates = 60% Fats and oils = 10% Proteins = 15% Vitamins, mineral salts and water = 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of enzymes in digestion?

    <p>Accelerate metabolic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Roughage helps in reducing excess weight gain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does water play in a balanced diet?

    <p>It is essential for hydration and metabolic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mineral Salts

    • Needed for various metabolic activities
    • Most minerals obtained through food
    • Sodium chloride and iron can be taken directly
    • Classes of minerals:
      • Calcium
      • Phosphorus
      • Magnesium
      • Sulfur
      • Sodium
      • Chlorine
      • Iron
      • Iodine
      • Manganese
      • Fluorine
      • Copper
      • Cobalt

    Vitamins

    • Organic compounds needed in small quantities to support life
    • Do not supply energy but help the body release energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
    • Act as chemical enzymes in the body and play an important role in many chemical reactions
    • Divided into two groups:
      • Fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamin A, D, E, and K
      • Water-soluble vitamins: Vitamin C and B-complex vitamins

    B-Complex Vitamins

    • Folic acid
    • Thiamine (B1)
    • Riboflavin (B2)
    • Niacin (B3)
    • Pantothenic acid (B5)
    • Pyridoxine (B6)
    • Cyanocobalamine (B12)

    Water

    • Universal solvent that dissolves many substances
    • Composed of two elements: Hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 2:1
    • Sources:
      • Metabolic water obtained from food
      • Physically obtained from rivers, wells, ponds, taps, etc.
      • Rain is a natural source
    • Importance:
      • Major component of the body
      • Required for metabolic activities
      • Maintains body temperature
      • Solvent for soluble food substances, aiding digestion
      • Major component of blood, providing a medium for nutrient transportation
      • Aids in excretion of metabolic waste
      • Forms the basis of endocrinal secretions (hormones)

    Carbohydrates

    • Provides energy for proper functioning of the body
    • Oxidizes to release heat for maintaining body temperature
    • Used to build the exoskeleton of arthropods
    • Mucus, which acts as a lubricant in various metabolic activities, is composed of carbohydrates
    • Examples: starch, cellulose

    Starch

    • Insoluble carbohydrate found in corn, wheat, potatoes, beans, and peas
    • Easily digested, broken down into simple sugars that can be absorbed by body cells
    • Dissolves into the bloodstream

    Cellulose

    • Polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants
    • Provides roughage for proper functioning of the digestive system

    Fats and Oils (Lipids)

    • Fats are solid lipids at room temperature (saturated fats)
    • Oils are liquid lipids at room temperature (unsaturated fats)
    • Both are hydrolyzed during digestion to fatty acids and glycerol
    • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and a little oxygen
    • Sources: palm oil, groundnut, soybean oil, melon oil, butter, fish, cheese, and lard
    • Importance:
      • Produce more energy than carbohydrates
      • Provide essential fatty acids to animals
      • Help maintain body temperature
      • Provide fat-soluble vitamins
      • Serve as stored food
      • Fat under the skin protects the body against rapid heat loss
    • Excess storage of fats in cells and tissues can cause obesity

    Proteins

    • Complex macromolecules made up of smaller units of amino acids
    • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes phosphorus and sulfur
    • Sources:
      • Animal: milk, egg, fish, cheese, meat, and chicken
      • Plant: groundnut, soybean, and cowpea
    • Importance:
      • Help in the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
      • Used in the synthesis of new protoplasm and cells (needed for growth and replacing dead cells)
      • Aid in reproduction
      • Used in the production of hormones

    Roughage

    • Also known as dietary fiber
    • General term for indigestible fibrous materials derived from vegetables, fruits, carbohydrates, and proteins
    • Main function is to add bulk to the diet, aiding digestion and healthy bowel function
    • Easily digested by microorganisms in the intestinal tract
    • Benefits:
      • Stimulates peristaltic movement in the intestinal tract
      • Reduces blood cholesterol
      • Reduces the chance of bowel cancer or gall bladder stones
      • Helps reduce excess weight gain
      • Helps lower blood sugar levels
      • Helps in the slow release of glucose in the blood
      • Helps prevent constipation

    Balanced Diet

    • Provides all essential nutrients in proper proportions for proper growth and good health
    • Needs vary according to age, weight, sex, physical conditions, metabolism, and climate
    • Percentage composition:
      • 60% carbohydrates
      • 10% fats and oils
      • 15% proteins
      • 10% vitamins, mineral salts, and water
      • Roughage essential for proper digestion
    • Importance:
      • Encourages proper growth and development
      • Provides energy for metabolic processes
      • Keeps us resistant to diseases
      • Deficiency of nutrients leads to malnutrition

    Kwashiorkor

    • Protein-deficiency disease common in the tropics due to the high cost of protein foods.
    • Symptoms:
      • Changes in skin pigments
      • Decreased muscle mass
      • Loss of body weight
      • Hair changes
      • Irritation
      • Diarrhea
      • Severe infections
      • Large belly

    Enzymes

    • Biological catalysts that accelerate metabolic reactions without changing their composition
    • Proteinous in nature
    • Characteristics:
      • Specific in action

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on essential minerals and vitamins needed for metabolic activities. This quiz covers various classes of minerals, the role of vitamins in the body, and specifics about B-complex vitamins. Dive into the intricacies of nutrition and how these elements influence health.

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