Minerals and Vitamins Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of vitamin includes Vitamin A, D, E, and K?

  • Fat-soluble vitamins (correct)
  • Enzymes
  • Minerals
  • Water-soluble vitamins

Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

True (A)

Name one mineral salt required for metabolic activities.

Calcium

Vitamins do not supply ______ but are essential for releasing energy.

<p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of water in the body?

<p>Regulating temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the vitamin with its function:

<p>Vitamin C = Helps with collagen formation Vitamin B1 = Aids in carbohydrate metabolism Vitamin D = Assists in calcium absorption Vitamin K = Important for blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

A balanced diet includes adequate amounts of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

<p>Vitamin C and Vitamin B-complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is known as animal starch?

<p>Glycogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbohydrates are used to build exoskeletons in arthropods.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one essential function of roughage in the diet.

<p>It aids in proper functioning of the digestive system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fats and oils are known as __________ fats when they are solid at room temperature.

<p>saturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a source of unsaturated fats?

<p>Soybean oil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nutrients with their primary importance:

<p>Carbohydrates = Provide energy Proteins = Synthesis of DNA and RNA Fats = Stored food and insulation Water = Regulates body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteins are mainly composed of carbohydrates and fats.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of excessive fat storage in the body?

<p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of roughage in the diet?

<p>Increases blood cholesterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A balanced diet should contain 60% of proteins.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nutritional deficiency disease is common in tropical regions due to the high cost of protein foods?

<p>Kwashiorkor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Roughage is also known as dietary _____ .

<p>fibre</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nutrients with their correct percentage in a balanced diet:

<p>Carbohydrates = 60% Fats and oils = 10% Proteins = 15% Vitamins, mineral salts and water = 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of enzymes in digestion?

<p>Accelerate metabolic reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Roughage helps in reducing excess weight gain.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does water play in a balanced diet?

<p>It is essential for hydration and metabolic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Mineral Salts

  • Needed for various metabolic activities
  • Most minerals obtained through food
  • Sodium chloride and iron can be taken directly
  • Classes of minerals:
    • Calcium
    • Phosphorus
    • Magnesium
    • Sulfur
    • Sodium
    • Chlorine
    • Iron
    • Iodine
    • Manganese
    • Fluorine
    • Copper
    • Cobalt

Vitamins

  • Organic compounds needed in small quantities to support life
  • Do not supply energy but help the body release energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
  • Act as chemical enzymes in the body and play an important role in many chemical reactions
  • Divided into two groups:
    • Fat-soluble vitamins: Vitamin A, D, E, and K
    • Water-soluble vitamins: Vitamin C and B-complex vitamins

B-Complex Vitamins

  • Folic acid
  • Thiamine (B1)
  • Riboflavin (B2)
  • Niacin (B3)
  • Pantothenic acid (B5)
  • Pyridoxine (B6)
  • Cyanocobalamine (B12)

Water

  • Universal solvent that dissolves many substances
  • Composed of two elements: Hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 2:1
  • Sources:
    • Metabolic water obtained from food
    • Physically obtained from rivers, wells, ponds, taps, etc.
    • Rain is a natural source
  • Importance:
    • Major component of the body
    • Required for metabolic activities
    • Maintains body temperature
    • Solvent for soluble food substances, aiding digestion
    • Major component of blood, providing a medium for nutrient transportation
    • Aids in excretion of metabolic waste
    • Forms the basis of endocrinal secretions (hormones)

Carbohydrates

  • Provides energy for proper functioning of the body
  • Oxidizes to release heat for maintaining body temperature
  • Used to build the exoskeleton of arthropods
  • Mucus, which acts as a lubricant in various metabolic activities, is composed of carbohydrates
  • Examples: starch, cellulose

Starch

  • Insoluble carbohydrate found in corn, wheat, potatoes, beans, and peas
  • Easily digested, broken down into simple sugars that can be absorbed by body cells
  • Dissolves into the bloodstream

Cellulose

  • Polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants
  • Provides roughage for proper functioning of the digestive system

Fats and Oils (Lipids)

  • Fats are solid lipids at room temperature (saturated fats)
  • Oils are liquid lipids at room temperature (unsaturated fats)
  • Both are hydrolyzed during digestion to fatty acids and glycerol
  • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and a little oxygen
  • Sources: palm oil, groundnut, soybean oil, melon oil, butter, fish, cheese, and lard
  • Importance:
    • Produce more energy than carbohydrates
    • Provide essential fatty acids to animals
    • Help maintain body temperature
    • Provide fat-soluble vitamins
    • Serve as stored food
    • Fat under the skin protects the body against rapid heat loss
  • Excess storage of fats in cells and tissues can cause obesity

Proteins

  • Complex macromolecules made up of smaller units of amino acids
  • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes phosphorus and sulfur
  • Sources:
    • Animal: milk, egg, fish, cheese, meat, and chicken
    • Plant: groundnut, soybean, and cowpea
  • Importance:
    • Help in the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
    • Used in the synthesis of new protoplasm and cells (needed for growth and replacing dead cells)
    • Aid in reproduction
    • Used in the production of hormones

Roughage

  • Also known as dietary fiber
  • General term for indigestible fibrous materials derived from vegetables, fruits, carbohydrates, and proteins
  • Main function is to add bulk to the diet, aiding digestion and healthy bowel function
  • Easily digested by microorganisms in the intestinal tract
  • Benefits:
    • Stimulates peristaltic movement in the intestinal tract
    • Reduces blood cholesterol
    • Reduces the chance of bowel cancer or gall bladder stones
    • Helps reduce excess weight gain
    • Helps lower blood sugar levels
    • Helps in the slow release of glucose in the blood
    • Helps prevent constipation

Balanced Diet

  • Provides all essential nutrients in proper proportions for proper growth and good health
  • Needs vary according to age, weight, sex, physical conditions, metabolism, and climate
  • Percentage composition:
    • 60% carbohydrates
    • 10% fats and oils
    • 15% proteins
    • 10% vitamins, mineral salts, and water
    • Roughage essential for proper digestion
  • Importance:
    • Encourages proper growth and development
    • Provides energy for metabolic processes
    • Keeps us resistant to diseases
    • Deficiency of nutrients leads to malnutrition

Kwashiorkor

  • Protein-deficiency disease common in the tropics due to the high cost of protein foods.
  • Symptoms:
    • Changes in skin pigments
    • Decreased muscle mass
    • Loss of body weight
    • Hair changes
    • Irritation
    • Diarrhea
    • Severe infections
    • Large belly

Enzymes

  • Biological catalysts that accelerate metabolic reactions without changing their composition
  • Proteinous in nature
  • Characteristics:
    • Specific in action

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