Mineralization in Hard Tissues

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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical formula for the mineral component of mineralization?

  • H2O
  • NaCl
  • C10H12O6
  • Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (correct)

What substances are involved in mineralization?

  • Mineral and organic matrix (correct)
  • Water and air
  • Proteins and lipids
  • Carbohydrates and vitamins

What is the main reason why precipitation of ions occurs in any solution during the process of mineralization?

  • Energy is needed in the process of crystal formation (correct)
  • The high concentration of water
  • The absence of inhibitors in tissue fluid
  • The presence of proteoglycans

What is the role of Mg in hydroxyapatite crystals during mineralization?

<p>It inhibits crystal growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ion substitution reduces the crystal solubility in hydroxyapatite during mineralization?

<p>F ↔ OH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ground substance in the organic matrix of mineralization?

<p>Proteoglycans and glycoproteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are substances which reduce the amount of energy required for precipitation of substances called?

<p>Nucleating substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory discusses the role of collagen as a nucleating agent for mineralization?

<p>Matrix vesicle theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of precipitation of mineral salts in the tissue fluid during mineralization called?

<p>Homogeneous nucleation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of matrix vesicles in mineral precipitation?

<p>Act as nucleating agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of alkaline phosphatase in mineralization?

<p>Cleavage of pyrophosphate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nucleation involves the presence of a nucleating agent?

<p>Heterogeneous nucleation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the criticism of the booster theory in mineralization?

<p>Alkaline phosphatase is found in other tissues which do not mineralize (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do non-collagenous proteins play in mineralization?

<p>Act as nucleating agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do matrix vesicles contain that can mediate the influx of calcium into them?

<p>Annexin V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that involves a local increase in the concentration of inorganic ions, leading to sufficient ionic clusters for crystallites to form?

<p>Homogeneous nucleation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mineral component involved in mineralization?

<p>Biologic apatite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two substances involved in mineralization?

<p>Mineral and organic matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Mg in hydroxyapatite crystals during mineralization?

<p>It inhibits crystal growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ground substance in the organic matrix of mineralization?

<p>Proteoglycans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hinders the precipitation of mineral salts and growth of crystals in tissue fluid?

<p>Presence of macromolecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the mineral component involved in mineralization?

<p>$Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of precipitation of mineral salts in the tissue fluid during mineralization called?

<p>Nucleation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of alkaline phosphatase in mineralization?

<p>Hydrolyze organic phosphate and provide inorganic phosphate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nucleation involves a local increase in the concentration of inorganic ions, leading to sufficient ionic clusters for crystallites to form?

<p>Homogeneous nucleation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do non-collagenous proteins play in mineralization?

<p>Act as nucleating agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substances reduce the amount of energy required for precipitation of substances?

<p>Nucleating substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the criticism of the booster theory in mineralization?

<p>Alk P + Inorganic Phosphate+ Calcium is not enough for mineralization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do matrix vesicles contain that can mediate the influx of calcium into them?

<p>Annexin V (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ground substance in the organic matrix of mineralization?

<p>Non-collagenous proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for removal or inhibition of macromolecules that inhibit precipitation of salts during mineral deposition?

<p>'Reduction of energy required for precipitation' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that involves a local increase in the concentration of inorganic ions, leading to sufficient ionic clusters for crystallites to form?

<p>Homogeneous nucleation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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