Mineral Nutrients and Internal Recycling in Plants
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in relation to plant performance?

  • Provide carbohydrates to plants
  • Degrade organic material for nitrogen
  • Exchange nutrients with plants, especially phosphorus (correct)
  • Protect plants from pathogens
  • Why do orchid seeds depend on mycorrhizae as seedlings?

  • To exchange nutrients with the fungi
  • To protect from pathogens
  • To avoid the costs of photosynthesis (correct)
  • To increase water uptake
  • What is a common characteristic of orchids and Indian Pipes in relation to mycorrhizae?

  • They exchange carbohydrates with the fungi
  • They remain parasites even as mature plants (correct)
  • They protect the plants from pathogens
  • They are obligate for fungi
  • In what type of soils are mycorrhizae most useful?

    <p>Nutrient-poor soils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What negative effect can occur with the wrong combination of fungi and plants?

    <p>Negative effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of carnivorous plants in relation to mycorrhizae?

    <p>They are generally found in nutrient-poor sites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of nutrients for plants?

    <p>Mineral nutrients in soil water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is atmospheric nitrogen (N2) useless to most plants?

    <p>Plants cannot absorb nitrogen from the air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients are NOT generally absorbed by plant roots?

    <p>Organic compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specialized mechanisms do plants use to absorb mineral nutrients from the soil?

    <p>Ion channels and energy-dependent processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the C:N ratio important in determining soil fertility?

    <p>It influences the decomposer activity and nutrient availability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when decomposers retain nitrogen from the soil?

    <p>They immobilize nitrogen making it unavailable for plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal C:N ratio for decomposers?

    <p>25:1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the growth of decomposers tend to be limited by N when the C:N ratio is over 25?

    <p>N becomes relatively overabundant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of litter decays faster based on the text?

    <p>Litter with high N content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are peatlands characterized by?

    <p>Low pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might result in the release of stored C from peatlands?

    <p>Climate change causing drying and fire (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mycorrhizae penetrates the root according to the text?

    <p>Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major input of N into ecosystems and soils according to the text?

    <p>Biological N fixation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the process of biological N fixation poisoned by O2?

    <p>'Oxygen poisoned' N-fixing cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Excess water, low water movement, and reduced microbial activity' are characteristics of what ecosystem according to the text?

    <p>'Peatlands' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Preserved by the lack of decomposition' is associated with which Iron-age body found in a bog according to the text?

    <p>'Tollund Man' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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