Mineral Composition and Types
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Mineral Composition and Types

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following minerals belongs to the Mica Group?

  • K-feldspar
  • Orthoclase
  • Muscovite (correct)
  • Quartz

    • What is the characteristic cleavage pattern of Muscovite?

  • 3-directions of cleavage
  • 2-directions of cleavage
  • 1-direction of cleavage (correct)
  • No cleavage

    • What type of silicates are Quartz and Feldspars?

  • Phyllosilicates
  • Tectosilicates (correct)
  • Nesosilicates
  • Inosilicates

    • Which of the following feldspars is a Ca-Na solid-solution series?

    <p>Plagioclase Series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of silicates that makes them the most important mineral group?

    <p>Their ability to form three-dimensional networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for feldspars?

    <p>K-Na-Ca, Al</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals is classified as an ore mineral?

    <p>Gold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a strategic mineral?

    <p>Bauxite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding gangue minerals?

    <p>They are found mixed with ore minerals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is NOT considered an industrial mineral?

    <p>Gold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines a mineral as a pure element?

    <p>It is made up of a single type of atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals is classified as an ore mineral used for its metal content?

    <p>Molybdenite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mineral is particularly important during a national emergency?

    <p>Strategic Mineral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of an ore mineral?

    <p>Silica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral group is represented by having tetrahedra share two oxygens to form a ring structure?

    <p>Cyclosilicates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for Epidote?

    <p>Ca2(Al,Fe)3O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals is part of the Pyroxene Group?

    <p>Augite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architecture characterizes Double Chains in the Amphibole Group?

    <p>Tetrahedra sharing two and three oxygens alternately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is known as a variety of Beryl?

    <p>Emerald</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines Single-Chain Silicates within the Inosilicates?

    <p>Tetrahedra share two oxygens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral group is mainly characterized by dark silicates rich in iron and magnesium?

    <p>Ferromagnesian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general arrangement of tetrahedra in Nesosilicates?

    <p>Isolated tetrahedra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of minerals are those from which metals can be extracted at a profit?

    <p>Ore minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crystal system has three axes that are all equal in length and intersect at right angles?

    <p>Isometric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do gems possess that gives them their ornamental value?

    <p>Beauty, durability, rarity, and portability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a monomineralic rock?

    <p>A rock composed of only one kind of mineral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with industrial minerals?

    <p>Highly durable and decorative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which crystal system are two axes equal in length while the third axis is of a different length?

    <p>Tetragonal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Steno's Law state about crystal faces of the same mineral?

    <p>They maintain constant angles regardless of size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the Hexagonal crystal system?

    <p>It includes four axes, with all of different lengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic structural feature of sorosilicates?

    <p>Two linked tetrahedrons isolated from all other tetrahedrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals is an example of a sorosilicate?

    <p>Hemimorphite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic structural unit of cyclosilicates?

    <p>Si6O18-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the mineral group that is based on single chain silicates?

    <p>Pyroxene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of double chain silicates?

    <p>Each tetrahedral group shares three oxygens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic structural unit of sheet silicates?

    <p>Si2O5-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the mineral group that contains the mineral Beryl?

    <p>Cyclosilicates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE about the structural unit Si2O6-4?

    <p>It is the basic structural unit of inosilicates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mineral Composition

    • Minerals can consist of pure elements (e.g., copper, silver, gold) or compounds.
    • Ore minerals are sources for metals, while gangue minerals are unwanted materials intergrown with ore.

    Types of Minerals

    • Industrial Minerals: Naturally occurring rocks/minerals with economic value (excluding metallic ores). Examples include barite, gypsum, talc, silica.
    • Strategic Minerals: Essential for military, industrial, or civilian needs during emergencies. Examples include manganese, platinum, bauxite, chromite.

    Common Ore Minerals

    • Argentite (Ag2S), Arsenopyrite (FeAsS), Bornite (Cu5FeS4), Cassiterite (SnO2), Chalcocite (Cu2S).
    • Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), Chromite ((Fe, Mg)Cr2O4), Cinnabar (HgS), Cobaltite ((Co, Fe)AsS), Covellite (CuS).
    • Enargite (Cu3AsS4), Galena (PbS), Gold (Au), Hematite (Fe2O3), Ilmenite (FeTiO3).
    • Magnetite (Fe3O4), Malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2), Molybdenite (MoS2), Pentlandite ((Fe, Ni)9S8), Pyrolusite (MnO2).
    • Scheelite (CaWO4), Sphalerite (ZnS), Uraninite (UO2), Wolframite ((Fe, Mn)WO4).

    Mineral Identification

    • Crystals are the outward form of a mineral's internal structure.
    • Silicates are the most significant mineral group, classified into several subgroups.

    Silicate Mineral Groups

    • Epidote Group: Includes Epidote (Ca2(Al,Fe)3O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)), Zoisite, Clinozoisite, Tanzanite, Allanite, Dollaseite.
    • Cyclosilicates: Ring-structured silicates like Beryl (Emerald) and Tourmaline.
    • Inosilicates: Chain-structured silicates like pyroxenes (single chains) and amphiboles (double chains).

    Pyroxene Group

    • Comprised of ferromagnesian dark silicates, notable members include Augite, Enstatite, Diopside, and Aegirine.
    • Display two directions of cleavage near 90 degrees.

    Mica and Clay Minerals

    • Light silicates include Mica (e.g., Muscovite, Biotite) and clay minerals categorized as phyllosilicates with one cleavage direction.

    Tectosilicates

    • Feature three-dimensional networks, including Quartz and Feldspar, and are characterized by sharing all four oxygens in tetrahedra.

    Feldspar Group

    • Comprises K-feldspar, Orthoclase, and Plagioclase, the most abundant mineral group with two cleavage directions.

    Crystal Systems

    • Isometric: Equal axes, all perpendicular.
    • Tetragonal: Rectangular prism shape with two equal length axes.
    • Orthorhombic: All axes different lengths, maintaining right angles.
    • Hexagonal: Four axes, critical for well-structured silicate minerals.

    Silicate Structural Types

    • Sorosilicates: Link tetrahedra to form double island structures (e.g., Epidote).
    • Cyclosilicates: Form rings by sharing oxygen (e.g., Beryl).
    • Inosilicates: Chains formed by linked tetrahedra (e.g., Pyroxenes).
    • Phyllosilicates: Form sheets with shared oxygens (e.g., Mica).

    Steno’s Law

    • Crystal faces of the same mineral consistently maintain interfacial angles, irrespective of crystal size or shape.

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    Learn about the composition of minerals, including pure elements and compounds, and the different types of minerals such as industrial and strategic minerals.

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