Mine Ban Treaty: Key Provisions

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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum notice period required for withdrawal from the Mine Ban Treaty?

Unlimited

1 year

3 months

6 months (correct)

What was the outcome of the Oslo Diplomatic Conference on a Total Global Ban on Anti-Personnel Mines in 1997?

116 states rejected the treaty

87 states signed the treaty

157 countries attended the conference

89 states adopted the text (correct)

Which of the following organizations worked in partnership with a core group of states to ban landmines?

Amnesty International and the United Nations

Human Rights Watch and the Geneva Conventions

Doctors Without Borders and the World Health Organization

The International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (correct)

How many countries have signed the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction?

164 countries Signup and view all the answers

When did the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction enter into force?

1 March 1999 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the treaty that was adopted in 1997?

The Mine Ban Treaty Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the United States in regards to the Ottawa Convention?

To pursue materiel and operational solutions to comply with the convention Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of states that have signed or ratified the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)?

93 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Article 1 of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)?

Prohibitions of nuclear weapons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states have not joined the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)?

NWS (Nuclear Weapons States) and NATO members Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Article 2 of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)?

To provide declarations of prohibited activities Signup and view all the answers

When did the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) enter into force?

22 January 2021 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of stigmatizing nuclear weapons?

To change the behavior of possessor states Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Cold War hinder efforts to stigmatize nuclear weapons?

It legitimized nuclear weapons for deterrence and nonproliferation Signup and view all the answers

According to Nina Tannenwald, what has been growing with respect to nuclear weapons?

The taboo on the use of nuclear weapons Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of stigmatizing only nuclear weapons?

It does not affect the behavior of possessor states Signup and view all the answers

What is the perspective of nuclear-weapon proponents regarding stigmatization?

Stigmatizing the weapons and not their possessors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the stigma on the use and possession of nuclear weapons?

The stigma on use has been growing, but not on possession Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of nuclear weapons that paradoxically supports their use as a deterrent?

Their massive destructive potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the article in relation to weapons of mass destruction?

Nuclear weapons Signup and view all the answers

Why are nuclear weapons considered the most destructive weapon systems ever invented?

Because they have no defense against them Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept that has been introduced to a wider range of research areas, including international relations, and is relevant to the study of nuclear weapons?

Stigma Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection that Jeﬀrey Chwieroth has examined in his research?

The connection between stigma and the international financial sector Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for nuclear-armed states to be prone to stigma and stigmatization?

The nuclear-armed states share the belief that nuclear weapons are abhorrent and not prestigious. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the ban treaty, according to the advocates of the humanitarian initiative?

The nuclear-armed states will be stigmatized. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 2010 Final Document of the 2010 NPT Review Conference?

It expresses the nuclear-armed states' deep concern at the continued risk of nuclear weapons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the current stance of the majority of states in the world regarding nuclear weapons?

They consider nuclear weapons as a threat to humanity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the prerequisite for the stigmatization of nuclear weapons?

The nuclear-armed states share the belief that nuclear weapons are abhorrent and not prestigious. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the advocates of the humanitarian initiative regarding nuclear weapons?

To stigmatize nuclear weapons and promote their prohibition. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trend among states that are not parties to the MBT?

They have explicitly adopted the humanitarian discourse promoted by ban proponents Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of social pressures on states that remain outside of the MBT?

They are pressured to ally with new international norms Signup and view all the answers

What is the attitude of resistant states towards the ban on AP landmines?

They endorse the ethical goals of the ban but seek to avoid legal obligations Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the humanitarian discourse in the context of disarmament policy?

It is a key aspect of disarmament policy, promoting the prohibition of AP landmines Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between national interests and moral values in the formulation of state policy?

National interests and moral values are subject to redefinition over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the fact that most non-parties to the MBT have endorsed the humanitarian goals of the ban?

It is a significant step towards the universalization of the treaty Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of states signaling their support for humanitarian norms, despite arguing that domestic conditions preclude earlier accession?

It signals an important transition in the sensitivity of actors to relevant norms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of normative discourse in the context of disarmament policy?

It can reshape the expectations of states and influence their policy decisions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the humanitarian purpose of the Mine Ban Treaty and the legitimacy of the treaty among its supporters?

The humanitarian purpose is essential to the legitimacy of the treaty among its supporters. Signup and view all the answers

How do states' actions of signaling support for humanitarian norms, despite arguing that domestic conditions preclude earlier accession, impact the universalization of treaties?

It can contribute to the creation of a new standard for state policy, encouraging other states to follow suit. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Mine Ban Treaty in the context of global governance?

It represents a shift in the way states approach disarmament and international humanitarian law. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of human rights advocacy in the context of disarmament policy and treaty universalization?

It is essential to the promotion of disarmament and the universalization of treaties. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mine Ban Treaty

The Mine Ban Treaty, also known as the Ottawa Treaty, was opened for signature on December 3, 1997, and entered into force on March 1, 1999.
The treaty has 164 State Parties and 33 non-State Parties.
Key provisions of the treaty include:
- Article 1: General obligations
- Article 6: International cooperation and assistance
- Article 7: Transparency measures
- Article 8: Facilitation and clarification of compliance
- Article 9: National implementation measures
- Article 10: Settlement of disputes
- Article 11: Meetings of the State Parties
- Article 12: Review Conferences
- Article 13: Amendments
- Article 14: Costs
- Article 19: Reservations (none allowed)
- Article 20: Duration and withdrawal (unlimited; withdrawal with 6 months' notice, but not during armed conflict)

Allegations of Use

Recent allegations of use of landmines include:
- Ukraine, a State Party, in 2022 (President of the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention states that it will use established procedures to seek clarification of allegations)
- Russia, a non-State Party (report by Human Rights Watch, 29 March 2022)
- Myanmar, a non-State Party (report by Amnesty International, 20 July 2022)

Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)

The TPNW was opened for signature on September 20, 2017, and entered into force on January 22, 2021.
The treaty has 70 State Parties and 23 signed but not ratified.
Key provisions of the treaty include:
- Article 1: Prohibitions (covering development, testing, production, manufacture, acquisition, possession, stockpiling, use, or threats of use, as well as stationing, installing, or deployment of nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices)
- Article 2: Declarations of prohibited activities prior to entry into force or currently
- Article 3: Safeguards (if Article 4 does not apply, must at a minimum maintain or conclude a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the IAEA)

Stigma and Nuclear Weapons

The concept of stigma has been introduced to a wider range of research areas, including international relations.
Stigma research has a tradition in sociological and medical studies, especially concerning mental illness and HIV/AIDS.
The article questions whether the stigma of nuclear weapons may impact the nuclear policies of nuclear-armed states and, as a result, may accelerate the process toward nuclear-weapon elimination.
The humanitarian initiative and the resulting TPNW could further alter the paradigm on nuclear weapons, changing them from a symbol of prestige to a "discrediting attribute."
Through their actions, the pressure from citizens on their governments within the nuclear-armed states may increase.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the Mine Ban Treaty, covering its key provisions, including international cooperation, transparency measures, and national implementation. Learn about the treaty's articles and their significance. Evaluate your understanding of this important international agreement.