Podcast
Questions and Answers
Mindful yoga incorporates gentle stretching, coordinated, slow movements and breathing with a focus on the ______ experience.
Mindful yoga incorporates gentle stretching, coordinated, slow movements and breathing with a focus on the ______ experience.
moment-to-moment
The ______ is part of the medial temporal lobe, under the cortex, and is part of the limbic system.
The ______ is part of the medial temporal lobe, under the cortex, and is part of the limbic system.
Hippocampus
A type of scan that creates a clear image of structure inside your body using a large magnet, radio waves, and a computer is called a ______.
A type of scan that creates a clear image of structure inside your body using a large magnet, radio waves, and a computer is called a ______.
MRI
Grey matter concentration (GMC) is the percentage of grey matter in relative to other ______ in a region.
Grey matter concentration (GMC) is the percentage of grey matter in relative to other ______ in a region.
Signup and view all the answers
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is used to compare the relative ______ of various brain structures between people.
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is used to compare the relative ______ of various brain structures between people.
Signup and view all the answers
VBM transforms a brain scan from an individual to a standardized ______ to find volumetric differences in small areas.
VBM transforms a brain scan from an individual to a standardized ______ to find volumetric differences in small areas.
Signup and view all the answers
VBM always pairs with structural MRI (______ weighted).
VBM always pairs with structural MRI (______ weighted).
Signup and view all the answers
Researchers are using VBM to measure changes in ______ concentration in the brain.
Researchers are using VBM to measure changes in ______ concentration in the brain.
Signup and view all the answers
Doctors can use EEG to detect the brain waves in ______ and nREM sleep.
Doctors can use EEG to detect the brain waves in ______ and nREM sleep.
Signup and view all the answers
Different dream content associated with vertical eye movement may be due to different environmental ______ or past experience.
Different dream content associated with vertical eye movement may be due to different environmental ______ or past experience.
Signup and view all the answers
Behavior, cognitions and emotions can be explained in terms of the working of the brain and the effect of hormones, genetics and ______.
Behavior, cognitions and emotions can be explained in terms of the working of the brain and the effect of hormones, genetics and ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Mindfulness meditation has been applied to multiple mental and physical ______, and has received attention from psychological research.
Mindfulness meditation has been applied to multiple mental and physical ______, and has received attention from psychological research.
Signup and view all the answers
Since the 1990s, mindfulness meditation has received attention from psychological ______.
Since the 1990s, mindfulness meditation has received attention from psychological ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The definition of mindfulness is a state achieved through meditation that aims to increase ______ of the present-moment experience.
The definition of mindfulness is a state achieved through meditation that aims to increase ______ of the present-moment experience.
Signup and view all the answers
Mindfulness is a technique used for ______-reduction to improve wellbeing.
Mindfulness is a technique used for ______-reduction to improve wellbeing.
Signup and view all the answers
Nature and ______ are key concepts in understanding psychological phenomena.
Nature and ______ are key concepts in understanding psychological phenomena.
Signup and view all the answers
Qualitative data is often described as ______ and expressive.
Qualitative data is often described as ______ and expressive.
Signup and view all the answers
Qualitative data can express feelings rather than ______ choices.
Qualitative data can express feelings rather than ______ choices.
Signup and view all the answers
The collection of qualitative data is subjective and can be ______.
The collection of qualitative data is subjective and can be ______.
Signup and view all the answers
In qualitative research, the quality of a psychologic character is indicated by ______.
In qualitative research, the quality of a psychologic character is indicated by ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Qualitative data often involves responses to open ______.
Qualitative data often involves responses to open ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Detailed observations can be made in case ______ and studies.
Detailed observations can be made in case ______ and studies.
Signup and view all the answers
Qualitative analysis can provide ______ results, indicating unusual responses.
Qualitative analysis can provide ______ results, indicating unusual responses.
Signup and view all the answers
Qualitative research often uses self-report ______ to gather data.
Qualitative research often uses self-report ______ to gather data.
Signup and view all the answers
The use of the control group increased the study's ______, strengthening the conclusion that MBSR caused an increase in grey matter concentration.
The use of the control group increased the study's ______, strengthening the conclusion that MBSR caused an increase in grey matter concentration.
Signup and view all the answers
MBSR caused an increase in grey matter concentration rather than the passage of ______.
MBSR caused an increase in grey matter concentration rather than the passage of ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Lack of correlation between self-reported mindfulness traits and grey matter concentration is also called into ______.
Lack of correlation between self-reported mindfulness traits and grey matter concentration is also called into ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Data collected by voxel-based ______.
Data collected by voxel-based ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Only 33 participants were aged 25-55 and had an average of ______ years of education.
Only 33 participants were aged 25-55 and had an average of ______ years of education.
Signup and view all the answers
Mindfulness in schools and workplaces is an example of ______ application.
Mindfulness in schools and workplaces is an example of ______ application.
Signup and view all the answers
Experiences, such as attending a regular mindfulness class, can influence our ______.
Experiences, such as attending a regular mindfulness class, can influence our ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The ethical principle of ______ includes the right to withdrawal and protection from harm.
The ethical principle of ______ includes the right to withdrawal and protection from harm.
Signup and view all the answers
How much males preferred the ______ toy and how much females preferred the "feminine' toy
How much males preferred the ______ toy and how much females preferred the "feminine' toy
Signup and view all the answers
Males' preference for wheeled (masculine) > females' preference for ______ (feminine)
Males' preference for wheeled (masculine) > females' preference for ______ (feminine)
Signup and view all the answers
Rank & frequency -> positive correlated for wheeled and ______
Rank & frequency -> positive correlated for wheeled and ______
Signup and view all the answers
However, the social rank accounts for little (accounts for ~10%-30%) if any of the variance in interactions with ______.
However, the social rank accounts for little (accounts for ~10%-30%) if any of the variance in interactions with ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Both rhesus monkeys and human children showed gender differences in ______ preferences.
Both rhesus monkeys and human children showed gender differences in ______ preferences.
Signup and view all the answers
Sex-typed ______ preferences in humans may result from biological sex differences.
Sex-typed ______ preferences in humans may result from biological sex differences.
Signup and view all the answers
The study found that males preferring ______ toys and females preferring feminine toys.
The study found that males preferring ______ toys and females preferring feminine toys.
Signup and view all the answers
The study suggests that rhesus monkeys show similar ______ preferences as human children.
The study suggests that rhesus monkeys show similar ______ preferences as human children.
Signup and view all the answers
The study by Fagen et al. investigated the effects of ______ on elephant learning.
The study by Fagen et al. investigated the effects of ______ on elephant learning.
Signup and view all the answers
Bandura's study on ______ explored how observing aggression can influence behavior.
Bandura's study on ______ explored how observing aggression can influence behavior.
Signup and view all the answers
Saavedra & Silverman's research focused on treating ______ using exposure therapy.
Saavedra & Silverman's research focused on treating ______ using exposure therapy.
Signup and view all the answers
The social approach in psychology emphasizes the role of ______ in shaping behavior and cognition.
The social approach in psychology emphasizes the role of ______ in shaping behavior and cognition.
Signup and view all the answers
The study using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) examined the effects of ______ on brain structure.
The study using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) examined the effects of ______ on brain structure.
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ design is a type of experimental design where each participant does only one level of the independent variable.
The ______ design is a type of experimental design where each participant does only one level of the independent variable.
Signup and view all the answers
The research on ______ preferences in rhesus monkeys and human children revealed interesting similarities.
The research on ______ preferences in rhesus monkeys and human children revealed interesting similarities.
Signup and view all the answers
In a ______ design, participants are arranged into pairs based on similarities, with one member of each pair performing at a different level of the independent variable.
In a ______ design, participants are arranged into pairs based on similarities, with one member of each pair performing at a different level of the independent variable.
Signup and view all the answers
The researchers measured how much males preferred the wheeled toy and how much females preferred the "feminine" ______.
The researchers measured how much males preferred the wheeled toy and how much females preferred the "feminine" ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The repeated measures design is susceptible to greater exposure to ______ characteristics.
The repeated measures design is susceptible to greater exposure to ______ characteristics.
Signup and view all the answers
The study found a positive correlation between rank and frequency of interaction with both wheeled and "feminine" ______.
The study found a positive correlation between rank and frequency of interaction with both wheeled and "feminine" ______.
Signup and view all the answers
A major weakness of the independent measures design is the greater effect of ______ differences.
A major weakness of the independent measures design is the greater effect of ______ differences.
Signup and view all the answers
The matched pair design helps reduce the effect of ______ characteristics.
The matched pair design helps reduce the effect of ______ characteristics.
Signup and view all the answers
A challenge with the matched pair design is the difficulty of choosing the ______ criteria.
A challenge with the matched pair design is the difficulty of choosing the ______ criteria.
Signup and view all the answers
The repeated measures design uses fewer ______s, making it more efficient.
The repeated measures design uses fewer ______s, making it more efficient.
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ measures design has a greater risk of order effects.
The ______ measures design has a greater risk of order effects.
Signup and view all the answers
Dreams are not ______ events but rather experienced in "real time"
Dreams are not ______ events but rather experienced in "real time"
Signup and view all the answers
People can judge their ______ in REM with accuracy
People can judge their ______ in REM with accuracy
Signup and view all the answers
Eye movements during REM sleep are not ______, but are directly related to dream imagery
Eye movements during REM sleep are not ______, but are directly related to dream imagery
Signup and view all the answers
The procedure can be replicated to see if the finding about ... is ______
The procedure can be replicated to see if the finding about ... is ______
Signup and view all the answers
All slept in a bed in a ______, dark room
All slept in a bed in a ______, dark room
Signup and view all the answers
Data is often described as ______ and expressive
Data is often described as ______ and expressive
Signup and view all the answers
The use of the control group increased the study's ______, strengthening the conclusion that MBSR caused an increase in grey matter concentration
The use of the control group increased the study's ______, strengthening the conclusion that MBSR caused an increase in grey matter concentration
Signup and view all the answers
Lack of correlation between self-reported mindfulness traits and grey matter concentration is also called into ______
Lack of correlation between self-reported mindfulness traits and grey matter concentration is also called into ______
Signup and view all the answers
The study included 33 ______ adults.
The study included 33 ______ adults.
Signup and view all the answers
Participants in the MBSR group practiced mindfulness for an average of 22.6 ______ of exercises.
Participants in the MBSR group practiced mindfulness for an average of 22.6 ______ of exercises.
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ group showed significant increases on the FFMQ scale after the MBSR program.
The ______ group showed significant increases on the FFMQ scale after the MBSR program.
Signup and view all the answers
The study used ______ to measure changes in grey matter concentration in the brain.
The study used ______ to measure changes in grey matter concentration in the brain.
Signup and view all the answers
The study's use of a control group increased the study's ______, strengthening the conclusion that MBSR caused an increase in grey matter concentration.
The study's use of a control group increased the study's ______, strengthening the conclusion that MBSR caused an increase in grey matter concentration.
Signup and view all the answers
The study found that males preferring ______ toys and females preferring feminine toys.
The study found that males preferring ______ toys and females preferring feminine toys.
Signup and view all the answers
The study suggests that rhesus monkeys show similar ______ preferences as human children.
The study suggests that rhesus monkeys show similar ______ preferences as human children.
Signup and view all the answers
The ethical principle of ______ includes the right to withdrawal and protection from harm.
The ethical principle of ______ includes the right to withdrawal and protection from harm.
Signup and view all the answers
When the culprit is not among the people in line-up, children are more likely than adults to identify an innocent person, resulting in a ______ response.
When the culprit is not among the people in line-up, children are more likely than adults to identify an innocent person, resulting in a ______ response.
Signup and view all the answers
The study aimed to investigate the role of social and cognitive factors in children's ______ of target faces in line-ups.
The study aimed to investigate the role of social and cognitive factors in children's ______ of target faces in line-ups.
Signup and view all the answers
The study involved two types of line-up tasks: the ______ present task and the target absent task.
The study involved two types of line-up tasks: the ______ present task and the target absent task.
Signup and view all the answers
The study examined how social and cognitive factors affect children's ______ accuracy in line-up identification.
The study examined how social and cognitive factors affect children's ______ accuracy in line-up identification.
Signup and view all the answers
The participants in the study were recruited from kindergarten classes in three private schools in Eastern Ontario, ______.
The participants in the study were recruited from kindergarten classes in three private schools in Eastern Ontario, ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The study included a sample of ______ children aged 4-7 years.
The study included a sample of ______ children aged 4-7 years.
Signup and view all the answers
The study's independent variables included age, line-up type, and ______ of cognitive demand.
The study's independent variables included age, line-up type, and ______ of cognitive demand.
Signup and view all the answers
The study's dependent variable was the accuracy of ______ in both target-present and target-absent line-up tasks.
The study's dependent variable was the accuracy of ______ in both target-present and target-absent line-up tasks.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Data Analysis
- Qualitative data is descriptive and can express opinions rather than limited by fixed choices
- Qualitative data collection is subjective and cannot be generalized
- Unusual responses can be noticed and explored in qualitative data
- Qualitative data is useful for patients with sleep disorders
- EEG can be used to detect brain waves in REM and nREM sleep to see if there are any abnormalities
- Brain waves in REM and nREM sleep are biological responses we were born with (nature)
- Dream content associated with vertical eye movement may be due to different environmental influences/past experiences (nurture)
Link to Assumption
- Behavior, cognitions, and emotions can be explained in terms of the working of the brain and the effect of hormones, genetics, and evolution
- Similarities and differences between people can be understood in terms of biological factors and their interaction with other factors
- Dreaming occurs during REM sleep, so similarities between people can be understood in terms of biological factors
Psychology Being Investigated
- Mindfulness is a state achieved through meditation that aims to increase awareness of the present-moment experience and enable a person to look at themselves in a compassionate, non-judgmental way
- Mindfulness has been applied to multiple mental and physical conditions since the 1990s
- Types of mindfulness meditation include body scanning, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation
- Brain localization involves functionally distinct and physically discrete brain structures responsible for specific behaviors/cognitive processes
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a type of scan that creates a clear image of structures inside the body using a large magnet, radio waves, and a computer
- Grey matter concentration (GMC) is the percentage of grey matter in relation to other tissues in a region
- Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is used to compare the relative size of various brain structures between people
- Performing region of interests (ROI) analysis, and whole-brain analysis
Issue and Debate
- Mindfulness in schools and workplaces can help students learn to use MBSR as a technique to release stress
- Nature vs. nurture debate in mindfulness and brain development
- Individual vs. situational explanations for mindfulness and brain development
- Ethical considerations in mindfulness research, including the right to withdrawal, informed consent, protection from physical and psychological harm, and confidentiality
- Generalization limitations in mindfulness research due to small sample size and demographic restrictions
Fagen et al. (Elephant Learning) - New Study
- Investigates psychology being learned
- Background: elephant learning study
- Aims: to investigate learning in elephants
- Research methods: not specified
- Results: not specified
- Conclusion: not specified
- Evaluation: not specified
- Issues and debates: not specified
- Link to assumptions: not specified
Bandura et al. (Aggression)
- Investigates psychology being learned
- Background: aggression study
- Aim: to investigate aggression on 19 test
- Research methods: not specified
- Result: not specified
- Conclusion: not specified
- Evaluation: not specified on 18, 19, 20, 21, 23 test
- Issue and debate: not specified
- Link to assumption: not specified
Saavedra & Silverman (Button Phobia)
- Investigates psychology being learned
- Background: button phobia study
- Aim: to investigate button phobia
- Research methods: behavioral exposures - in vivo exposure, imagery exposure therapy - in vitro exposure
- Behavioral exposure result: not specified
- Imagery exposure result: not specified
- Post-treatment and follow-up procedure and results: not specified
- Conclusion: not specified
- Evaluation: not specified
- Issue and debate: not specified
- Link to assumption: not specified
Social Approach
- Definition: not specified
- Milgram et al. - major experimental design methods
- Repeated measure design: same participant does every level of the IV, strengths: less effect of participant variables, uses fewer participants, weaknesses: greater exposure to demand characteristics, more order effect
- Independent measure design: each participant does only one level of the IV, strengths: no order effect, weaknesses: more effect of individual differences
- Matched pair design: arranged into pairs based on similarities, strengths: reducing the effect of demand characteristics, weaknesses: hard to choose the matching criteria, smaller sample size
Conclusion
- Study 1: dreams probably occur only during REM sleep
- Study 2: dreams are not instantaneous events but rather experienced in "real time"
- Study 3: eye movements during REM sleep are not random, but are directly related to dream imagery
Evaluation
- Reliability: standardization, easy to replicate and test for reliability, procedure can be replicated to see if the finding is reliable
- Data: quantitative data, sample demographics, exclusion criteria, procedure, and other analysis
Other Studies
- Study on mindfulness: MBSR group vs. control group, results: MBSR group showed significantly increased scores on FFMQ after the completion of the 8-week mindfulness program
- Study on line-up tasks: investigates the role of social and cognitive factors in children's identification of target faces in line-ups, results: not specified
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the clinical applications of mindfulness practices in treating anxiety, chronic pain, and substance abuse. Learn about body scanning, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation techniques.
