Mind Maps for Medical Students

What is the primary indication for using Theophylline in asthma treatment?

To alleviate cough symptoms
To reduce steroid side effects
As a xanthine-derived bronchodilator to inhibit phosphodiesterase (correct)
To reduce airway inflammation

What is the primary characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Irreversible airflow limitation (correct)
Reversible airflow limitation
Reversible airway constriction
Intermittent airway obstruction

What is the primary mechanism of action of Salmeterol in asthma treatment?

Antagonism of leukotriene receptors
Agonism of beta-2 receptors (correct)
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase
Stimulation of alpha-1 antitrypsin production

What is the primary complication of asthma that can lead to death?

Death (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for the development of COPD?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary histological feature of emphysema?

Permanently dilated airways with alveolar destruction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using mind maps for medical students?

To improve memory recall (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the organisational structure of the mind maps in this revision aid?

By body system (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of mind maps included in this revision aid?

100 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of biguanides, such as metformin?

Increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of sulphonylureas, such as glipizide?

Hypoglycaemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of this revision aid?

A medical student (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of biguanides, such as metformin?

Renal failure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected utility of this revision aid for medical students?

Throughout medical studies and particularly during final exams (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the flexibility of this revision aid according to the author?

It can be used for both preparing to study a topic and reviewing it (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of meglitinides, such as repaglinide?

Blocking potassium channels on pancreatic beta cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with the use of thiazolidinediones, such as pioglitazone?

Fracture risk (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of incretins, such as exenatide?

Stimulating the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does GORD stand for?

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does LHRH stand for?

Luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does PCR stand for?

Polymerase chain reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does STEMI stand for?

ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does TIA stand for?

Transient Ischaemic Attack (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does MCH stand for?

Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does NSAID stand for?

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does PTH stand for?

Parathyroid Hormone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does RAAS stand for?

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does TSH stand for?

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of dehydration in Diabetes Insipidus?

Inability of the kidneys to reabsorb water (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the water deprivation test in Diabetes Insipidus?

To assess the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of desmopressin on the kidneys in Diabetes Insipidus?

It increases the number of aquaporin-2 channels in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conservative management in Diabetes Insipidus?

To educate patients on how to monitor fluid levels and dietary salt levels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an MRI scan in the diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus?

To look for abnormalities of the pituitary gland (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical urine volume in a 24-hour urine collection in Diabetes Insipidus?

More than 2 L (B) Signup and view all the answers