Assessment and Evaluation in Medical Education
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a component of competency in medical education?

  • Professional Attitude and Behavioral Skills
  • Knowledge and Understanding
  • Financial Management Skills (correct)
  • Clinical Skills

    • What is the primary purpose of assessment in education?

  • To rank students against each other
  • To punish students for poor performance
  • To determine student eligibility for scholarships
  • To evaluate the acquisition of expected knowledge, skills, and attitudes (correct)

    • Which type of assessment is typically designed to monitor student progress during a course?

  • Diagnostic Assessment
  • Formative Assessment (correct)
  • Summative Assessment
  • Standardized Testing

    • Which of the following best describes a distinction between formative and summative assessment?

    <p>Formative assessment aims to inform instruction, whereas summative assessment evaluates overall learning outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of primary health care is critical for improving health education and health promotion?

    <p>Community participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following skills is included in the competencies outlined for medical education?

    <p>Communication Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of assessment in education?

    <p>To identify strengths and weaknesses in learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a formative assessment method?

    <p>Peer review of work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do formative and summative assessments generally differ?

    <p>Formative assessments aim to support learning, while summative assessments aim to evaluate learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which competency is essential in medical education to enhance patient care?

    <p>Interpersonal and communication skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advanced certification is specifically associated with the Arab Board?

    <p>Medical Specializations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of formative assessment in medical education?

    <p>To enhance learner's skills continuously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a summative assessment method?

    <p>Final certification exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following certifications is part of the pathway to practice in Canada?

    <p>MCCQE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential component of primary health care?

    <p>Community participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Assessments that measure competencies in medical education primarily aim to:

    <p>Ensure effective patient care through practical application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examination is required for licensure in the United States for international medical graduates?

    <p>USMLE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates formative assessments from summative assessments in medical training?

    <p>Only formative assessments provide feedback to trainees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which accreditation path is focused on stipulating requirements for certain medical specializations?

    <p>Arab Board</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the PLAB exam in the UK?

    <p>To ensure eligibility of overseas doctors to practice medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activity is explicitly discouraged during examinations?

    <p>Exchanging answer sheets with a colleague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions could risk academic integrity during an exam setting?

    <p>Sharing tools with information about 'W'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is indicative of a violation of exam protocols?

    <p>Exchanging questions sheets with another candidate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstance might sharing tools be permissible during an exam?

    <p>There are no permissible circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a serious breach of conduct during assessments?

    <p>Exchanging tools with crucial exam information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells?

    <p>Polycythemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for an abnormal increase in urinary production?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes a surgical procedure to remove the bladder?

    <p>Cystectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a condition characterized by a decreased number of white blood cells?

    <p>Leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a surgical operation to create an opening through the abdominal wall into the urinary bladder?

    <p>Cystostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the formation of new blood vessels often associated with malignancy?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes an assessment that would evaluate the status of blood vessels in the leg?

    <p>Angiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is likely to demand a detailed assessment of blood vessel integrity?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of a radiological assessment of blood vessels in a patient?

    <p>Evaluating vascular health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term corresponds to the presence of abnormal growths within the blood vessels?

    <p>Atheroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines outpatient care?

    <p>Care can be provided in various settings without overnight hospitalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the nature of outpatient care?

    <p>Hospital settings can offer outpatient services, among other locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a misconception about outpatient care?

    <p>Outpatient care cannot involve surgical procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following situations would outpatient care be most appropriate?

    <p>A person needs routine check-ups and minor treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which setting is NOT typically associated with outpatient care?

    <p>An intensive care unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of offending the invigilator during an exam?

    <p>The student fails all courses registered for the semester.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the invigilator during examinations?

    <p>To enforce exam regulations and maintain academic integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What denotes a serious violation during an examination setting?

    <p>Obtaining unauthorized materials during the exam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is least likely to be associated with maintaining exam integrity?

    <p>Using open book notes during the exam without permission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely consequence of failing to adhere to exam supervision regulations?

    <p>All courses registered for the semester could receive an 'F' grade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most severe academic consequence of offending the invigilator during an exam?

    <p>Failing all registered courses for the semester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors is most likely to result in a direct violation of exam regulations?

    <p>Using unauthorized materials during the exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of poor academic integrity during examinations?

    <p>Revocation of certain academic privileges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is least likely to maintain proper exam integrity?

    <p>Discussing exam content with peers before it starts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the status of a student who fails to comply with exam supervision regulations?

    <p>The student fails all courses they are registered for that semester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specialized procedure involves surgical treatment of heart issues?

    <p>Coronary artery bypass surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following procedures would be categorized as a complex surgical treatment?

    <p>Neurosurgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of specialized service is most applicable for treating severe burns?

    <p>Plastic surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a context where complex treatments may be required?

    <p>Severe trauma cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category does coronary artery bypass surgery fall under?

    <p>Specialized surgical procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surgical procedure is referred to when the urinary bladder is removed?

    <p>Cystectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term describes the condition with a decreased number of white blood cells?

    <p>Leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for a surgical operation that creates an opening from the abdominal wall into the urinary bladder?

    <p>Cystostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medical term defines the formation of new blood vessels, typically occurring in the context of malignancy?

    <p>Neovascularization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the presence of abnormal growths within blood vessels?

    <p>Hemangioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term describes a condition resulting from the accumulation of fluid in the heart's tissues?

    <p>Edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is best associated with the surgical removal of a blood vessel?

    <p>Phlebotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the hardening and loss of elasticity in blood vessel walls?

    <p>Arteriosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the presence of blood clots within the blood vessels?

    <p>Thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions particularly requires a comprehensive assessment of the coronary arteries?

    <p>Coronary artery disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best describes an abnormal increase in urinary production?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a surgical procedure for creating an opening from the bladder to the abdominal wall?

    <p>Cystostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the formation of new blood vessels often associated with malignancy?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a decreased number of white blood cells?

    <p>Leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition best describes the presence of abnormal growths within the blood vessels?

    <p>Hemangioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence when a student offends the invigilator during an exam?

    <p>The student may receive an automatic fail for all courses registered for that semester.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action could most likely result in a student failing all registered courses for the semester?

    <p>Offending the invigilator during the exam procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens to a student who receives an all 'F' grade for their registered courses?

    <p>They fail their academic semester entirely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario exemplifies a breach of exam protocols that could lead to failing all subjects?

    <p>Using unauthorized materials during the exam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical consequence for failing to adhere to exam supervision regulations?

    <p>Guaranteed approval for examination retake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specialist focuses on hormone systems, including diseases like diabetes?

    <p>Endocrinologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following specialists is concerned with the heart and blood vessels?

    <p>Cardiologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a cardiologist?

    <p>Heart and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is primarily managed by endocrinologists?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs is correctly matched with their medical focus?

    <p>Endocrinologist - hormone systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following specialists would primarily treat thyroid disease?

    <p>Endocrinologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of systems do endocrinologists primarily focus on?

    <p>Hormone systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the formation of new blood vessels?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term accurately describes the hardening of fatty substances within blood vessel walls?

    <p>Athero/sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'Angi/o' specifically refer to in medical terminology?

    <p>Vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition describes the accumulation of fatty material in the walls of blood vessels leading to swelling?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to a procedure for recording blood vessels?

    <p>Angiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the formation of new blood vessels often associated with malignancy?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes an assessment that would evaluate the status of blood vessels in the leg?

    <p>Angiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What denotes the presence of abnormal growths within the blood vessels?

    <p>Atheroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is likely to demand a detailed assessment of blood vessel integrity?

    <p>Varicose veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of imaging technique is commonly used to visualize blood vessels in patients?

    <p>Ultrasonography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following classifications correctly differentiates between healthcare services based on patient stay duration?

    <p>Ambulatory and stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of healthcare primarily focuses on preventive services and early detection of diseases?

    <p>Primary healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically used to classify health care services?

    <p>Level of agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hospitals would most likely support military personnel and their families in Egypt?

    <p>Military hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of healthcare in Egypt, which of the following is a characteristic of secondary healthcare services?

    <p>Requires referrals from primary care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment should be used to gauge the effectiveness of a newly implemented teaching method in a medical training program?

    <p>A formative assessment during the program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario would sharing assessment tools among candidates be considered acceptable?

    <p>If the tools are provided by the examiners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions would most likely be regarded as a serious breach of conduct during medical assessments?

    <p>Communicating with another student during an assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is crucial for determining if a candidate's performance is satisfactory in a medical training assessment?

    <p>Consistent demonstration of specific competencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of implementing strict invigilator guidelines during examinations?

    <p>To prevent academic dishonesty and maintain exam integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which certification is specifically associated with advanced studies in medical specializations in the Arab region?

    <p>Arab Board of Medical Specializations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examination is a pathway to practicing medicine in Canada?

    <p>MCCQE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents an examination pathway recognized in the UK for international medical graduates?

    <p>PLAB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advanced certification would an individual likely pursue in order to gain specialist status in the Arab world?

    <p>Arab Board of Medical Specializations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the USMLE in the context of medical licensing?

    <p>Licensure for practicing in the United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of impersonating another student during an examination?

    <p>Final expulsion from the Academy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of assessment is likely to involve evaluating practical skills and competencies?

    <p>OSPE and OSCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment type specifically measures the accumulation of knowledge at the end of a course?

    <p>Summative assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In assessing student attitudes and growth, which component might be utilized?

    <p>Portfolio assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of failing to maintain proper conduct during exams?

    <p>Risk of serious academic penalties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of oncologists?

    <p>Specializing in the treatment of cancers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is essential for the tertiary care in oncology?

    <p>Highly specialized equipment and expertise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the environment necessary for advanced cancer treatment?

    <p>Advanced diagnostic centers with modern medical facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about oncology is true?

    <p>Most oncologists focus on a specific type of cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes tertiary care in cancer treatment from other levels of care?

    <p>It necessitates advanced medical technologies and specialized expertise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary meaning of the suffix '-ectomy' in medical terminology?

    <p>To cut out or excise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term correctly describes a procedure that involves making a surgical opening into the stomach?

    <p>Gastrostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of medical language, what does the root 'tom' signify?

    <p>To cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of instrument is referred to by the suffix '-tome'?

    <p>A cutting instrument</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs correctly matches the term with its meaning?

    <p>-tomos: to cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most accurate definition of 'tonsillectomy'?

    <p>Surgical removal of the tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'gastro-' specifically refer to in medical terminology?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following procedural terms means to create a surgical opening?

    <p>Gastrostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term indicates an incision into the stomach?

    <p>Gastrotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-tomy' indicate in surgical terms?

    <p>A surgical incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step necessary to become a specialist in Egypt after earning an MBBCH?

    <p>Enroll in a postgraduate training program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT required for completing training to become a specialist in Egypt?

    <p>Obtaining a Master’s degree in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common step following the completion of postgraduate training for medical specialists in Egypt?

    <p>Applying for a national examination for licensing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway directly leads to earning the MBBCH degree in Egypt?

    <p>Passing a secondary school certification exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines the role of a general practitioner before specializing?

    <p>They provide primary health care and referrals to specialists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cardi/o/logy primarily focus on?

    <p>The anatomy and function of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the heart muscle?

    <p>Myo/carditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure utilizes electricity to generate a graphical representation of the heart's electrical activity?

    <p>Electr/o/cardi/o/graphy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Echo/cardiogram specifically used for?

    <p>Visualizing the heart’s valves and blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term cardi/o/megaly refer to?

    <p>Enlarged heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term refers to the removal of the bladder?

    <p>Cystectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medical term is used to describe the formation of new blood vessels?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by a decreased number of white blood cells?

    <p>Leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to an abnormal increase in urinary production?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surgical operation involves creating an opening through the abdominal wall into the urinary bladder?

    <p>Cystostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by inflammation of both bone and joint tissue?

    <p>Osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the softening of the bones?

    <p>Osteomalacia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition specifically involves the inflammation of tendons?

    <p>Tendinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for a tumor of the bone?

    <p>Osteoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is defined by decreased bone density?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the process of forming new blood vessels, often associated with malignancy?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the evaluation method focused on assessing the blood vessels in the leg?

    <p>Radiological examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is likely to require an extensive assessment of blood vessel integrity?

    <p>Peripheral Artery Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term corresponds to pathological growths that can form within the blood vessels?

    <p>Atheromas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication of needing a radiological assessment of blood vessels?

    <p>Chronic pain in the lower extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen to a student's registration if they do not comply with authority?

    <p>Their registration may be suspended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about authority is true?

    <p>Authority can be communicated both verbally and physically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used to express authority within an academic context?

    <p>Utilizing both verbal and physical means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a student do to avoid suspension of their registration?

    <p>Comply with academic policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indicator of a possible breach in academic conduct related to authority?

    <p>Ignoring the instructions of an authority figure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the different levels of healthcare services in Egypt?

    <p>Primary, secondary, tertiary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of stationary healthcare services?

    <p>Require patients to stay overnight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the financial aspect of healthcare services in Egypt?

    <p>Patients can access both public and private funding for care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a requirement for becoming a specialist in healthcare?

    <p>Attaining specific fellowship certifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category includes services provided by the Ministry of Health and High Education?

    <p>Primary, secondary, and tertiary hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a condition characterized by an abnormal reduction in blood flow to the heart muscle?

    <p>Ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term refers to the surgical procedure that involves the removal of a diseased section of a blood vessel?

    <p>Endarterectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathological condition is characterized by the presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel?

    <p>Thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term defines the medical condition of an abnormally high level of cholesterol in the blood?

    <p>Hyperlipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the condition where the heart beats irregularly, either too fast or too slow?

    <p>Arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition characterized by a decrease in the number of platelets?

    <p>Thrombocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the study of the lymphatic system?

    <p>Lymphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of histology as a science?

    <p>Study of tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition indicates an abnormal amount of urine production?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-uria' signify in medical terminology?

    <p>Condition related to urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of facility is characterized by its integration of various specialties and a focus on inpatient and long-term care?

    <p>Center of Excellence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of university hospitals compared to other types of hospitals?

    <p>They offer patients the liberty to choose their doctors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity is responsible for the governance of health insurance hospitals?

    <p>Health Insurance Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of healthcare delivery, what distinguishes a polyclinic from a clinic?

    <p>Polyclinics typically offer integrated services with different specialties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hospital primarily serves veterans and active military personnel?

    <p>Military hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term is specifically associated with a pathological condition affecting blood vessels?

    <p>Vasculitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these terms refers to an abnormal condition specifically characterized by an increase in blood vessel formation?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hospital is focused on rapid response to emergency situations?

    <p>Disaster camp hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for an abnormal growth in the blood vessels that could signify a serious condition?

    <p>Hemangioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the condition characterized by a reduced volume of blood flow to the heart muscle due to narrowed blood vessels?

    <p>Ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In healthcare, which of the following dimensions is NOT typically included?

    <p>Financial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term refers to the surgical procedure that involves the removal of the portion of a blood vessel?

    <p>Endarterectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor in determining whether a patient will be treated as an inpatient or outpatient?

    <p>Needed service and patient's condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of healthcare levels primarily deals with specialized and complex care?

    <p>Tertiary care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How quickly can urgent medical treatment typically be provided?

    <p>Hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best encompasses the various competencies included in medical education?

    <p>Knowledge and Understanding, Intellectual Skills, Clinical Skills, Professional Attitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of competency focuses specifically on abilities that can be applied in various contexts beyond medical education?

    <p>Transferable Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination of skills would most likely be necessary for successful patient interactions in a clinical setting?

    <p>Professional Attitude, Communication Skills, Procedural Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category includes skills essential for performing medical procedures and technical tasks effectively?

    <p>Clinical, Procedural, Practical and Technical Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of competency is crucial for demonstrating the ability to think critically and solve complex problems in medical scenarios?

    <p>Intellectual Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common misconception regarding assessment purposes in education?

    <p>Assessments serve merely to rank students against one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of primary health care, which statement most accurately describes health education's role?

    <p>Health education is an essential component for sustainable health systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these elements is often misunderstood in relation to outpatient care?

    <p>Outpatient care requires at least one overnight hospital stay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is least likely to contribute to maintaining integrity during examinations?

    <p>A relaxed atmosphere to alleviate student stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical piece of information is often overlooked regarding academic integrity during assessments?

    <p>The impact of exam ambiance on student behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of a student's mobile phone being shown during an exam?

    <p>The student may be dismissed from the examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is least likely to be tolerated by an invigilator during an examination?

    <p>Engaging in repeated conversations with other students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a common misconception about academic conduct during exams?

    <p>Students are encouraged to collaborate during the exam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is most likely to lead to academic integrity issues during an examination?

    <p>Whispering questions to another student.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario could indicate a serious violation of examination protocols?

    <p>A student is caught quickly glancing at another's answers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term specifically refers to a condition involving an abnormal increase in the size of the heart muscle?

    <p>Hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the abnormal narrowing of blood vessels?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term describes an abnormal deflection of the heart's electrical activity?

    <p>Arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of fluid in the pericardial space surrounding the heart?

    <p>Tamponade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with the abnormality in the number of platelets in the blood?

    <p>Thrombocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most severe consequence for impersonation during exams?

    <p>Final expulsion from the Academy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of assessment includes psychomotor skills evaluation?

    <p>Summative assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a serious breach of conduct during assessments?

    <p>Collaboration with peers during exams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment approach focuses on ongoing feedback and improvement?

    <p>Formative assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical characteristic of an OSPE (Objective Structured Practical Examination)?

    <p>It assesses clinical skills in a structured format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for a student to understand in relation to their future role as a physician?

    <p>The complexities of the healthcare system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects does NOT contribute to a physician's orientation within the healthcare system?

    <p>Knowledge of pharmaceutical marketing strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which area should a future physician expect to gain substantial knowledge according to their educational goals?

    <p>Comprehensive understanding of the healthcare system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is least likely to affect a physician's future role as related to their education?

    <p>Personal experiences with the healthcare system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What knowledge should a student prioritize to effectively prepare for their future medical career?

    <p>The structure and function of healthcare systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is most likely the purpose of the reflective sheet mentioned?

    <p>To explore personal motivations for pursuing medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the second week of the activities discussed commence?

    <p>October 14th</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of content is suggested to be included in the medical activity?

    <p>One video and a PDF document for reference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied to be a primary inquiry during medical education?

    <p>The reasons behind choosing medical school</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which day is suggested to begin discussing medical practice?

    <p>Saturday on the second week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum CGPA required for a candidate to be qualified for the Bachelor Degree in Medicine and Surgery?

    <p>2.00</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many questions will each written MCQ exam consist of for all students?

    <p>10 Questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When will the first written MCQ exam start?

    <p>Saturday 14/10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total marks allocated for the written MCQ exams in the second week?

    <p>40 Marks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the date for the evaluation of PBL participation?

    <p>End of course Tuesday 24/10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for a condition characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of red blood cells?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a surgical procedure to remove a kidney?

    <p>Nephrectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells?

    <p>Leukocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the condition of having kidney stones?

    <p>Urolithiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical procedure is defined as creating an opening through the abdominal wall into the urinary bladder?

    <p>Cystostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of impersonating another student during an exam?

    <p>Final expulsion from the Academy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment method is primarily used to measure psychomotor skills in medical education?

    <p>Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of assessments, what distinguishes formative assessments from summative assessments?

    <p>Summative assessments evaluate overall performance at a specific point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assessment does OSCE refer to in the medical education domain?

    <p>Objective Structured Clinical Examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following assessments falls under the category of attitude assessment?

    <p>Portfolio Assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of essay questions in assessments?

    <p>They encourage critical thinking and depth of analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios illustrates an effective assessment strategy at the end of a course?

    <p>Conducting a comprehensive project that showcases student learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of essay questions makes them distinct from other forms of assessment?

    <p>They provide an opportunity for nuanced expression of understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should assessments, including essay questions, typically be administered in a course?

    <p>Throughout the course to inform instruction and learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is most likely to enhance the effectiveness of essay questions in evaluations?

    <p>A clear rubric that outlines grading criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Extended Matching Questions (EMQs) construction?

    <p>They must adhere to a single theme to ensure coherence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is most crucial when developing an EMQ?

    <p>Defining a clear and specific theme for the questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the intent behind EMQs?

    <p>To assess specific areas of competence through structured scenarios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes EMQs from traditional multiple choice questions?

    <p>EMQs involve a set of options related to a defined theme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following outcomes is least likely to occur if an EMQ is not carefully constructed?

    <p>There may be an increase in the validity of the assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence for a student who offends the invigilator during an exam?

    <p>The student fails all courses registered for the semester.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT a likely outcome of violating exam supervision authority?

    <p>The student is eligible for extra credit opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential ramification for a student who does not adhere to exam regulations?

    <p>The student receives a permanent record of misconduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between academic integrity and exam violations?

    <p>Violating exam regulations typically results in a deeper breach of academic integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which consequence applies specifically to academic integrity violations during examinations?

    <p>The student fails all courses registered for that semester.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medical term describes the process of new blood vessel formation, typically linked with malignancies?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term correctly identifies the procedure used to evaluate blood vessels in a patient's leg?

    <p>Arteriography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medical term refers to an abnormal growth within a blood vessel?

    <p>Atheroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical condition is likely to necessitate a comprehensive assessment of blood vessel health?

    <p>Peripheral Artery Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is commonly misused to refer to the formation of new blood vessels when discussing cancer?

    <p>Neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of assessment is specifically constructed around a patient scenario during the clerkship phase?

    <p>Modified essay questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of medical education are short answer questions primarily utilized?

    <p>Pre-clerkship phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects a common belief about the private medical sector?

    <p>It is believed to provide higher quality services than public services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do modified essay questions typically evaluate students during the clerkship phase?

    <p>Using case-based scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the assessment methods used in the clerkship phase compared to the pre-clerkship phase?

    <p>The focus on real-world patient scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of healthcare, what does the term 'profit clinics' refer to?

    <p>Clinics that operate to generate financial profit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the perception of private medical services?

    <p>They are perceived to have higher quality compared to public services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of assessments in medical education's clerkship phase?

    <p>They are often based on clinical scenarios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What financial model do profit clinics, hospitals, and pharmacies operate under?

    <p>A direct payment model focused on profitability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a commonly held belief about the relationship between public and private medical services?

    <p>Private services are often viewed as having superior quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an unauthorized means of obtaining course information during exams?

    <p>Accessing an unauthorized paper slip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT permissible during examination settings?

    <p>Consulting an open textbook</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of utilizing unauthorized tools during exams?

    <p>Potential academic penalties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action can be classified as a violation of exam protocol?

    <p>Using a smartphone during the exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is typically viewed as an unauthorized resource during examinations?

    <p>Table or graphical organizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers specifically to a pathological condition involving the narrowing of blood vessels?

    <p>Stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for an abnormal decrease in blood volume often associated with heart issues?

    <p>Hypovolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the formation of fatty deposits in the arteries?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the surgical procedure to repair a heart valve?

    <p>Valvuloplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term refers to the blockage of a blood vessel due to a clot?

    <p>Thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prerequisite educational qualification for becoming a specialist in Egypt?

    <p>Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a crucial step after completing medical training to practice as a specialist in Egypt?

    <p>Acquiring a valid medical license</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the MBBCH degree in the training of a general practitioner in Egypt?

    <p>Facilitates further specialization in medical fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is essential for completing the journey to becoming a specialist in Egypt after the MBBCH?

    <p>Completion of a residency program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the MBBCH primarily qualify a graduate to do in medical practice?

    <p>Practice as a general practitioner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes tertiary care in a healthcare setting?

    <p>It is a higher level of specialized care within a hospital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about primary healthcare is correct?

    <p>It primarily deals with the basic healthcare services of individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best distinguishes primary healthcare from tertiary care?

    <p>Primary healthcare addresses basic health services, whereas tertiary care involves specialized treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one misconception about primary healthcare?

    <p>It is only concerned with preventive measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does tertiary care differ from primary healthcare?

    <p>Tertiary care typically involves a multi-disciplinary approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could result from impersonating another student during an examination?

    <p>Final expulsion from the Academy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of assessments specifically includes psychomotor skills?

    <p>OSPE and OSCE assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of assessment is likely to be used to evaluate a student’s ongoing progress?

    <p>Assignments and portfolios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a summative assessment typically aim to evaluate?

    <p>The overall knowledge and skills acquired by the student</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of formative assessments in the educational context?

    <p>They offer continuous feedback for improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment method incorporates both theoretical and practical components in medical education?

    <p>Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option typically does NOT fall within the scope of educational assessments in medical training?

    <p>Mandatory attendance tracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of institution primarily integrates specialized care for long-term inpatient treatment?

    <p>Center of Excellence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of university hospitals compared to other types of hospitals?

    <p>They are often affiliated with research institutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical governance structure for hospitals?

    <p>Private insurance companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context are chronic diseases like cancer typically managed within healthcare facilities?

    <p>Integrated specialized centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which healthcare setting is characterized by an emphasis on mental health treatments and severe injuries?

    <p>Emergency departments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hospital type focuses on providing care dictated by a patient's financial abilities?

    <p>Private hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of health insurance hospitals?

    <p>They are often funded by the Health Insurance Organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term Erythr/o/cyt/osis specifically refer to?

    <p>Increase in red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes inflammation of the kidney?

    <p>Nephr/itis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-uria' in medical terminology indicate?

    <p>Condition of urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to a prolapsed kidney?

    <p>Nephr/o/ptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct term for a type of white blood cell produced by the lymphatic system?

    <p>Lymphocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to an increase in the number of platelets?

    <p>Thromb/o/cyt/osis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the study of tissues?

    <p>Hist/o/logy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'endo-' imply in medical terminology?

    <p>Internal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the plural form of 'Diagnosis'?

    <p>Diagnoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition does Poly/uria refer to?

    <p>Too much urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix denotes a position that is 'beyond' or 'in excess'?

    <p>Meta-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body plane divides the body into anterior and posterior halves?

    <p>Coronal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct plural form of 'Coccus'?

    <p>Cocci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to a cut made in an anteroposterior direction that divides the body into equal right and left halves?

    <p>Sagittal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following denotes a position 'towards the side'?

    <p>Lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which directional term describes a position that is 'back and outside of the body'?

    <p>Poster/o/external</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the plural form of 'Vertex'?

    <p>Vertices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix 'Circum-' is used to indicate what type of position?

    <p>Around</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a position 'towards the middle'?

    <p>Medial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term specifically refers to an abnormal decrease in the number of thrombocytes?

    <p>Thrombocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells?

    <p>Erythrocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary condition indicated by leukocytopenia?

    <p>Decrease in white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix denotes a condition of increased numbers of blood cells?

    <p>Hyper-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the formation of blood cells within the body?

    <p>Haemopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary qualification required to become a specialist in Egypt after completing medical training?

    <p>Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential step in the process of earning a specialty license in Egypt?

    <p>Completing a residency program approved by the medical council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of becoming a medical specialist, which is a common misconception about the training pathway in Egypt?

    <p>Specialization can be achieved without prior medical licensure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical method for assessing competency in specialists during training in Egypt?

    <p>Standardized licensing examinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical function of the licensing process for becoming a specialist in Egypt?

    <p>To verify the completion of necessary training and residency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which word root refers specifically to the stomach?

    <p>Gastro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'micro-' indicate in medical terminology?

    <p>Small</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination forms a medical term indicating an examination of the brain?

    <p>Encephaloscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following suffixes typically forms an adjective?

    <p>-ic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound term relates to a surgical procedure involving the nervous system?

    <p>Neurosurgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a combining vowel in medical terminology?

    <p>To separate word roots for ease of pronunciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medical terms refers to a condition characterized by a reduced efficiency in the heart's ability to pump blood?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms is most closely associated with the surgical removal of a portion of the heart?

    <p>Cardiectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes an abnormal thickening of the heart's muscle tissue, often associated with hypertension?

    <p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions would most likely lead to the formation of an embolism within the vascular system?

    <p>Deep vein thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term describes the surgical procedure aimed at widening narrowed or obstructed blood vessels?

    <p>Angioplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a condition where there is an abnormal decrease in the number of red blood cells?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a surgical procedure that involves removing a kidney?

    <p>Nephrectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term refers to a condition characterized by an excessive number of platelets in the blood?

    <p>Thrombocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the surgical procedure to create an artificial opening in the bladder?

    <p>Cystostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term accurately describes a pathological condition of excessive urination?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term indicates a condition characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of red blood cells?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the surgical procedure that removes a kidney?

    <p>Nephrectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term describes an abnormal increase in the volume of urine produced?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the condition characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells?

    <p>Leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for a surgical procedure that creates an opening through the abdominal wall into the bladder?

    <p>Cystostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence for a student who offends the invigilator during an exam?

    <p>The student fails all courses registered for that semester.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in a severe academic consequence during examinations?

    <p>Violating the exam supervision authority's instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior could indicate a potential violation of exam regulations?

    <p>Attempting to communicate with peers during the exam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of violation occurs if a student is disrespectful towards the supervision authority during an exam?

    <p>Severe academic offense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could be a direct outcome of violating exam supervision regulations?

    <p>Immediate disqualification from the exam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is least important in the assessment of primary health care systems?

    <p>Aesthetic appeal of health facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is most crucial for improving patient outcomes in Egyptian healthcare?

    <p>Enhancing physician-patient communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about primary health care delivery?

    <p>It solely focuses on treatment rather than prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is least likely to improve the effectiveness of assessments in medical education?

    <p>Limiting assessment to practical evaluations only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is erroneously viewed as an advantage of tertiary care?

    <p>Provision of preventive health services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge facing the implementation of effective health policies in Egypt?

    <p>Lack of political will</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a medical condition involving difficult swallowing?

    <p>Dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'pseudo-' signify in medical terminology?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes a self-destructing process within the body?

    <p>Autolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-oma' indicate in medical terminology?

    <p>Tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which root word relates to cancer in medical terminology?

    <p>Onc/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the condition of narrowing in a blood vessel?

    <p>Stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the prefix 'dys-' in medical terminology?

    <p>Painful or faulty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix indicates a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in fluid flow?

    <p>-rhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the root word 'scler/o' refer to in a medical context?

    <p>Hardness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for a condition characterized by the inflammation of the muscle coat of the heart?

    <p>Myocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of an echocardiogram?

    <p>To provide a visual ultrasound of the heart's structure and movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term cardiomegaly refer to?

    <p>Enlargement of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly defines the term 'electrocardiography'?

    <p>The process of recording electrical signals from the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which professional specializes in the study of diseases of the heart?

    <p>Cardiologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form of investigation provides a record of the electrical waves emitted by the heart?

    <p>Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition refers to inflammation of the inner lining of the heart?

    <p>Endocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of healthcare setting is characterized by the integration of various medical specialties?

    <p>Polyclinic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major difference between a medical center and a center of excellence?

    <p>A center of excellence is highly specialized and integrates various specialties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of hospitals typically allows patients to choose their doctor based on their financial capabilities?

    <p>Private hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of severe illness requires specialized treatment and ongoing care?

    <p>Chronic diseases such as cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes university hospitals from other types of hospitals?

    <p>They are affiliated with research institutes and educational institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of healthcare facility primarily deals with inpatient and long-term care?

    <p>Hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of hospitals is operated under the auspices of military governance?

    <p>Military hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary characteristic differentiates a clinic from a medical center?

    <p>Medical centers integrate various specialties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which healthcare scenario would a patient most likely prioritize choosing their doctor?

    <p>In a private healthcare setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of healthcare facility is not typically integrated with specialized medical services?

    <p>Clinic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of impersonating another student during examinations?

    <p>Final expulsion from the Academy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following assessment types does NOT evaluate psychomotor skills?

    <p>Knowledge-focused MCQ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment method is most likely to be considered summative?

    <p>End-of-term examinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of formative assessments in academic settings?

    <p>They focus on monitoring student progress and understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term accurately describes the process of blood vessel formation commonly associated with tumors?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assessment is primarily used to develop professional attitudes and competencies?

    <p>Attitude portfolio evaluations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate medical term for the radiological evaluation of the leg's blood vessels?

    <p>Angiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to an abnormal growth within blood vessels?

    <p>Atheroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best defines the pathological condition characterized by an overproduction of blood vessels?

    <p>Neovascularization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a condition requiring a detailed analysis of blood vessel integrity?

    <p>Peripheral artery disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct meaning of the prefix 'Ren/o' in medical terminology?

    <p>Pertaining to the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes renal colic?

    <p>Severe pain caused by kidney stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'gastrotomy' refer to in medical terminology?

    <p>Surgical incision into the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines a prefix in medical terminology?

    <p>An element added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of commonly used medical suffix?

    <p>-ology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of outpatient care involves procedures that do not necessitate advanced medical facilities?

    <p>Minor surgeries such as mole removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical screening is considered a form of outpatient care?

    <p>Colonoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of outpatient treatment for chronic conditions?

    <p>Dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of outpatient care?

    <p>Patients do not need to be admitted to a hospital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically classified as outpatient care?

    <p>Post-operative care following major surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following settings can outpatient care be provided?

    <p>An outpatient surgery center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these options accurately describes a procedure performed in an outpatient setting?

    <p>Laser surgery on the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about outpatient care?

    <p>It is synonymous with inpatient care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates an example of outpatient care?

    <p>A consultation appointment in a doctor's office</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option represents a situation where outpatient care is typically utilized?

    <p>A scheduled follow-up visit for a chronic condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term correctly represents the plural of 'coccus'?

    <p>Cocci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prefix means 'beyond' or 'in excess'?

    <p>Ultra-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body plane divides the body into anterior and posterior halves?

    <p>Coronal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What directional term refers to the front of the body?

    <p>Anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes a vertical cut that divides the body into right and left halves?

    <p>Sagittal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is the correct plural form of 'diagnosis'?

    <p>Diagnoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which directional term indicates a position towards the middle of the body?

    <p>Medial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the plane that separates the body into superior and inferior parts?

    <p>Transverse plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be the consequence of not adhering to authority during the registration process?

    <p>Suspension from registration for the following semester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is most likely to trigger a suspension from the upcoming semester's registration?

    <p>Disregarding verbal or physical directives from authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best illustrates a compliance issue with authority that may affect student registration?

    <p>Failing to respond to a disciplinary warning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What encompasses the acceptable behavior regarding authority's instructions during the registration period?

    <p>Following authority's guidelines as a requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation might a student face an undesirable consequence concerning their registration?

    <p>Ignoring explicit instructions from authority figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is least likely to be considered a method of formative assessment?

    <p>Standardized final exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates formative assessment from others in educational contexts?

    <p>Facilitation of ongoing feedback to improve learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is classified as a form of active learning in formative evaluation?

    <p>Group presentations with peer evaluations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the timing of formative assessments?

    <p>Implemented periodically throughout the course</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formative assessment method encourages interaction among students to enhance understanding?

    <p>Think-pair-share activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of techniques like the one-minute paper in formative assessment?

    <p>To gain quick insights into student comprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination of roots creates a term for a tool used to examine the stomach?

    <p>Gastro/scope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-ist' typically signify in a medical term?

    <p>One who specializes in a field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms is formed by combining a root with a suffix that indicates an adjective?

    <p>Anemia -ic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix indicates negation or absence in medical terminology?

    <p>A-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of combining two word roots in medical terminology?

    <p>To create a more specific term for a complex concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Competency

    • Includes knowledge, intellectual skills, clinical, procedural, practical, technical, professional attitude and behavioral skills, communication skills, and general and transferable skills.

    Assessment and Evaluation in Education

    • Assesses students to find out if they have acquired the expected knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

    Institutional Mission

    • The mission of the institution is to provide quality education in medicine.

    ABC of Learning and Teaching in Medicine: Evaluation. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 2003 Feb 15;326(7385):385.

    • Assessment methods used in medical education are discussed.

    Assessment and Evaluation in Education

    • Assesses students to find out if they have acquired the expected knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

    Earning Advanced Certification (Specialist)

    • Residency and advances studies programs lead to specialist certification.
    • Pathways include Arab Board of Medical Specializations, Egyptian Fellowship, USMLE, PLAB, and MCCQE.

    Assessment of NMD1000

    • Covers topics such as Introduction to Medical School, lectures, PPT, PDF, and more.
    • Includes two exams:
      • Exam 1: L7 Assessment, L8 health care system, L10 Terminology1, L11 Terminology 2
      • Exam 2: L13- L16, L19-L22

    Graduation Requirements

    • To qualify for a Bachelor's Degree in Medicine and Surgery, the candidate must successfully pass all program core-courses with a minimum CGPA of 2.00.

    Intended Learning Outcomes

    • Knowledge and Understanding
    • Intellectual skills (Application, Problem Solving and Decision Making)
    • Practical skills (Clinical, Procedural and Technical)
    • Professional Ethics/Attitudes and Behavioral Skills
    • Communication Skills
    • General and Transferable Skills

    Summative Assessment

    • Includes written, practical/clinical projects, and assignments.

    Knowledge Levels

    • Problem solving

    Objective Written Exams

    • Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
    • Extended Matching Questions

    How MCQ Items are Constructed?

    • MCQs are carefully constructed to assess student understanding of key concepts.

    Blood Abnormalities

    • Leukocytosis: Increased white blood cell count.
    • Leukopenia: Decreased white blood cell count.
    • Erythrocytosis: Increased red blood cell count.
    • Anemia: Decreased red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels.
    • Thrombocytosis: Increased platelet count.
    • Thrombocytopenia: Decreased platelet count.

    Urinary System Pathology

    • Nephritis: Inflammation of the kidney.
    • Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidney.
    • Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder.
    • Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra.
    • Pyelonephritis: Inflammation of the kidney pelvis.
    • Renal failure: Loss of kidney function.
    • Urinary tract infection (UTI): Infection of the urinary tract.

    Surgical Interventions

    • Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive surgical procedure that uses a small incision and a camera to view the inside of the abdomen.
    • Endoscopy: A procedure that uses a long, thin, flexible tube with a camera to view the inside of organs and cavities.
    • Biopsy: The removal of a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope.
    • Excision: Surgical removal of a tissue or organ.
    • Resection: Surgical removal of a portion of a tissue or organ.
    • Anastomosis: Joining or connecting two structures, such as blood vessels or intestines.

    Assessment System in Academy College of Medicine

    • The assessment system is designed to evaluate student performance.
    • The assessment is conducted by Dr. Hoda Khalifa, Professor of Histology and cell biology, and Vice Dean of student affairs.
    • The goal of this assessment system is to ensure students understand the system.

    Exam Violations and Academic Integrity

    • Failing to comply with exam regulations can result in failing all courses for the semester.
    • Offending the invigilator or exam supervision authority can lead to academic disciplinary action.

    Specialized Procedures

    • The text highlights a facility providing specialized procedures such as coronary artery bypass surgery, plastic and neurosurgeries, severe burn treatments, and complex treatments or procedures.

    Residency and Advanced Studies Pathways

    • Residency programs are offered for medical specialists.
    • Earning an advanced certification (Specialist) is achievable through programs such as the Arab Board of Medical Specializations and the Egyptian Fellowship.
    • Other pathways to certification include USMLE, PLAB, and MCCQE.

    Medical Terminology

    • The text identifies "Ren/o" as the root word for "Kidney".
    • "Ren/al" refers to anything pertaining to the kidney, such as renal colic or renal stones.

    Course Objectives

    • The course aims to teach students the building system of medical words.
    • Students will learn common medical prefixes and suffixes.
    • Students will be able to differentiate compound medical words and terms.
    • The course will cover prefixes related to position, color, directions, and numerical values.

    Assessment

    • Pre-clerkship assessments will involve short answer questions.
    • Clerkship phase assessments will include Modified Essay Questions (MEQ).
    • MEQ’s will be constructed around patient scenarios.

    Medical Terminology Importance

    • Medical terminology is important for understanding medical concepts and procedures.
    • -tome: refers to a cutting instrument, for example, a microtome is used for cutting tissue into slices.
    • -tomy: refers to a noun that indicates cutting.
    • -ectomy: refers to cutting out (excising) something, where "Ect/o" signifies "outside."
    • -ostomy: refers to a surgical procedure that creates a new opening, where "Os" signifies "mouth, opening."

    Examples of Medical Terms Using Cutting Suffixes

    • Tonsil/ectomy: Excision (removal) of the tonsils.
    • Gastr/o/tomy: Incision (cut) into the stomach.
    • Gastr/ostomy: Creation of a surgical opening in the stomach.

    Course Information

    • The course includes continuous assessment, assignments, practical exams, and final written exams.
    • Continuous assessment accounts for 30% of the final grade.
    • Assignment accounts for 10% of the final grade.
    • Practical exam accounts for 20% of the final grade.
    • Final written exams account for 40% of the final grade.
    • Final exams are conducted at the end of each course.

    Assessment Criteria

    • Assessment focuses on understanding medical terminology and its application to understanding medical concepts and procedures.

    Medical Terminology Importance

    • Specialists focus on a specific body system or disease.
    • Cardiologists specialize in the heart and blood vessels.
    • Endocrinologists specialize in hormone systems, including diseases like diabetes and thyroid disease.

    Types of Outpatient Care

    • Medical screenings like mammograms, colonoscopies, and endoscopies.
    • Minor surgeries and procedures that don't require advanced medical care, such as laser surgery, hand or foot surgery, mole removal, and Lasik eye surgery.
    • Certain types of treatment used for ongoing or long-term illnesses, like dialysis and chemotherapy.

    Inpatient Care

    • Inpatient care involves staying overnight at a hospital for medical attention.

    Prefix Contra-

    • Contra- means against.
    • Contraindication: Against indication.
    • Contraceptive: Against conception.
    • Contralateral: Opposite side.

    Prefix Dys-

    • Dys- means painful, faulty, diseased, bad, difficult, or abnormal.
    • Dysphagia: Difficult swallowing.
    • Dyspepsia: Indigestion.
    • Dyspnea: Difficult breathing.
    • Dysuria: Difficult urination.

    Prefix Pseudo-

    • Pseudo- means false.
    • Pseudocyesis/Pseudopregnancy: A false pregnancy.
    • Pseudocyst: A false cyst.

    Prefix Auto-

    • Auto- means self.
    • Autolysis: Self-destroying.
    • Autoimmunity: Reaction of the immune response to one's own tissues.
    • Alg/Algi: Pain.
    • Myalgia: Muscle pain.
    • Analgesia: Pain relief.
    • Carcin: Cancer.
    • Carcinogen: Cancer-causing agent.
    • Onc/o: Tumor.
    • Oncogene: A gene that can lead to cancer.
    • Lith: Stone.
    • Lithiasis: The formation of stones.
    • Path/o: Disease.
    • Pathogen: A disease-causing organism.
    • Py/o: Pus.
    • Pyogenic: Producing pus.
    • Pyr/o: Fever, fire.
    • Pyretic: Relating to fever.
    • Scler/o: Hard.
    • Sclerosis: Hardening.
    • Tox/o: Poison.
    • Exotoxin: A toxin released by a bacterium.
    • Mal-: Bad.
    • Malabsorption: Difficulty absorbing nutrients.
    • Xero-: Dry.
    • Xerosis: Dryness.
    • Pachy-: Thick.
    • Pachyemia: Thickening of the blood.
    • -oma: Tumor.
    • Blastoma: A tumor from immature cells.
    • -rhage: Flow.
    • Hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding.
    • -rhea: Flow.
    • Rhinorrhea: Runny nose.
    • Edema: Swelling.
    • Lymphedema: Swelling due to lymphatic system blockage.
    • Lysis: Dissolving, destruction.
    • Hemolysis: Destruction of red blood cells.
    • Malacia: Softening.
    • Tracheomalacia: Softening of the trachea.
    • Necrosis: Death of tissue.
    • Osteonecrosis: Death of bone tissue.
    • Spasm: Cramp, sudden contraction.
    • Bronchospasm: Contraction of the bronchi.
    • Stasis: Stoppage.
    • Hemostasis: Stoppage of bleeding.
    • Stenosis: Narrowing.
    • Arteriostenosis: Narrowing of an artery.

    Blood Vessel Terms

    • Angi/o refers to vessel
    • Angio/graphy, angio/gram, and angio/genesis relate to vessels, with the suffixes indicating "recording", "image", and "formation" respectively

    Atherosclerosis

    • Athero refers to fatty substances
    • Sclerosis refers to hardening

    Atheroma

    • Atheroma describes the accumulation of fatty material in the wall of a blood vessel, causing a swelling

    Medical Terminology

    • Angiogenesis is the formation of blood vessels
    • Angiography is a radiological assessment of blood vessels

    Residency and Advanced Studies

    • Residency: A period of supervised clinical training following medical school.
    • Advanced Certification (Specialist): Earning a specialist certification through:
      • Arab Board of Medical Specializations
      • Egyptian Fellowship
    • USMLE: United States Medical Licensing Examination
    • PLAB: Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (UK)
    • MCCQE: Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination
    • MS&MD: Master of Science & Doctor of Medicine
    • Healthcare System in Egypt
      • Governmental: Public hospitals and healthcare facilities
      • Private: Hospitals and clinics owned by individuals or corporations
      • Outpatient: Services provided without requiring overnight stays
      • Inpatient: Services provided to patients admitted to a hospital
      • Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Healthcare: Represents levels of care. Primary care is general medicine, secondary care includes specialties and hospitals, tertiary care is highly specialized care at major hospitals.
      • Hospitals:
        • Ministry of Health & High Education
        • Health Insurance
        • Military
      • Ambulatory: Patients are mobile and able to move around/travel between hospital units
      • Stationary: Patients are confined to a particular location

    Students' Learning Outcomes

    • Discuss dimensions of health
    • Classify healthcare services: Level, site, patients' stay, rapidity, and finance.
    • Identify the path to becoming a specialist

    Outline

    • What is health and its dimensions?
    • Exam format:
      • Option list: 8 options (A-H)
      • Lead-in statement: Introduces the scenario
      • Clinical scenarios: Students must choose the most appropriate option from the list
      • Multiple correct answers: If an option is correct for more than one question, specific instructions will be given.
    • Pre-Clerkship Phase:
      • Short-answer questions: Used to assess knowledge.
    • Clerkship Phase:
      • Modified Essay Questions (MEQ):
        • Patient-centered scenarios
        • Questions revealed sequentially
        • Simulates real-life situations
        • Evaluates problem-solving and decision-making skills

    Professional Skills

    • Exams assess skills through:
      • Clinical Skills Stations: Simulate real-life clinical experiences
      • Observations in the clinical setting: Directly evaluate student performance in a healthcare setting.

    What are in the Stations?

    • Station formats:
      • Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE): Standardized clinical simulation.
      • Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS): Evaluates a specific procedure in real-time.
      • Modified Essay Questions (MEQ): Open-ended, patient-based questions used to evaluate critical thinking skills.
    • Assessment:
      • Pass/Fail: Performance meets minimum standards.
      • Pass with distinction: Performance exceeds expectations.
    • Professionalism: Evaluates adherence to ethical and professional standards.
    • Communication skills: Evaluates effective interactions with patients and colleagues.

    Oncology

    • Oncologists specialize in treating cancers.
    • Many oncologists focus on a specific type of cancer.

    Tertiary Care and Hospitalization

    • Requires specialized equipment and expertise.
    • Includes advanced diagnostic centers, specialized intensive care units, and modern medical equipment.

    Assessment

    • Formative assessment tracks progression and identifies weaknesses.
    • Summative assessment measures overall understanding.
    • Assessment domains include knowledge, psychomotor skills, and attitude.
    • Knowledge is assessed through multiple choice questions (MCQ) and short answer questions (SAQ).
    • Psychomotor skills are assessed through objective structured practical examinations (OSPE) and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE).
    • Attitude is assessed through assignments and portfolios.

    Medical Interventions

    • Tomos means "cutting" in Greek.
    • Tom is the word root for "cut".
    • "-tome" is used for cutting instruments.
    • "-tomy" is a suffix for processes related to cutting.
    • "-ectomy" means to cut out or excise.
    • "-ostomy" means to form a new opening.

    Example Medical Interventions

    • Tonsilectomy: Excision of the tonsils.
    • Gastrostomy: Creating a surgical opening in the stomach.
    • Gastrectomy: Incision into the stomach.

    Contra- Prefix

    • Contra- means "against".
    • Contraindication: Against indication.
    • Contraceptive: Against conception.
    • Contralateral: Opposite side.

    Dys- Prefix

    • Dys- means painful, faulty, diseased, bad, difficult, abnormal.
    • Dysphagia: Difficult swallowing.
    • Dyspepsia: Indigestion.
    • Dyspnea: Difficult breathing.
    • Dysuria: Difficult urination.

    Pseudo- Prefix

    • Pseudo- means false.
    • Pseudocyesis or Pseudopregnancy: A false pregnancy.
    • Pseudocyst: A false cyst.

    Auto Prefix

    • Auto means self.
    • Autolysis: Self-destroying.
    • Autoimmunity: Immune response to one's own tissues.
    • Alg or algi: Pain.
    • Carcin: Cancer.
    • Onc/o: Tumor.
    • Lith: Stone.
    • Path/o: Disease.
    • Py/o: Pus.
    • Pyr/o: Fever.
    • Scler/o: Hard.
    • Tox/o: Poison.

    Prefixes & Suffixes Related to Disease

    • Mal-: Bad.
    • Xero-: Dry.
    • Pachy-: Thick.
    • -oma: Tumor.
    • -rhage: Flow.
    • -rhea: Flow.
    • Edema: Swelling.
    • Lysis: Dissolving, destruction.
    • Malacia: Softening, tracheomalacia.
    • Necrosis: Death of.
    • Spasm: Cramp.
    • Stasis: Stoppage.
    • Stenosis: Narrowing.

    Assessment

    • Assessment is a process of documenting knowledge, skills, attitudes, and beliefs.
    • Assessment methods can be used to track progression, identify weaknesses, and measure overall understanding.
    • Different assessment types and domains are used to assess different aspects of learning.
    • Assessment is an essential part of education and helps to ensure that students are learning effectively.

    Cardiology & Haematology

    • Cardiology: The study of the heart
    • Cardiomegaly: Enlarged heart
    • Cardiologist: Specializes in the study of heart diseases

    Layers of the Heart

    • Endocarditis: Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
    • Myocarditis: Inflammation of the muscle coat of the heart

    Cardiac Investigations

    • Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG): Records the electrical waves emitted by the heart
    • Electrocardiography: Uses electricity to record EKG/ECG
    • Echocardiogram: Uses ultrasound to provide information about the heart's structure and movements

    Specializing in Egypt

    • MBBCh: Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (GP: General Practitioner)
    • Becoming a specialist: Requires completing training and earning licensing

    Assessment Techniques

    • Objectives: Designed to help students achieve learning goals
    • Performance Measurement: Used to assess students' understanding
    • Diagnosing Problems: Identifies student difficulties and areas for improvement
    • Improvement Measurement: Tracks student progress and growth
    • Student Ranking: Helps to identify individuals with high potential

    Exam Formats

    • Extended Matching Questions (EMQ): A type of multiple-choice question where students match a list of options to a list of scenarios or questions
    • Lead-In Questions: Open-ended questions that introduce a scenario or topic
    • Integrated Questions: Combine multiple concepts to assess understanding
    • Essay Questions: Require students to write a comprehensive response to a specific topic

    Stationary & Dynamic Stations

    • Stationary Station: Focuses on a specific task or skill, such as identifying an anatomical structure
    • Dynamic Station: Involves a more active assessment, such as examining a urine sample
    • Checklist: Provides a list of criteria for evaluating performance in dynamic stations

    ### Medical Terminology Importance

    • Malignant tumors are associated with the formation of blood vessels (angiogenesis).
    • A radiological assessment of blood vessels in the leg is a common diagnostic procedure.
    • Glands that secrete hormones into blood circulation are part of the endocrine system.
    • Endocrinology is the medical specialty that studies the endocrine system.

    Bone Tissue

    • Oste/o refers to bone.
    • Oste/itis means inflammation of the bone.
    • Oste/o/malac/ia means softening of the bones.
    • Oste/oma refers to a bone tumor.
    • Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased bone density.

    ### Joint

    • Arthr/o refers to a joint.
    • Arthr/itis refers to inflammation of a joint.
    • Oste/o/arthr/itis is a condition characterized by inflammation and destruction of bone and joint tissue.

    ### Tendon

    • Ten/o, Tend/o, Tendin/o all refer to a tendon.
    • Tendin/itis is inflammation of the tendons.

    ### Kidney

    • Ren/o refers to a kidney.
    • Renal refers to something pertaining to the kidney such as renal colic or renal stones.

    Medical Terminology 1

    • The lecture is presented by Dr. Hoda Khalifa, Professor of Histology and Cell Biology, and Vice Dean of Students' Affairs.

    Objectives

    • Identify how medical words are built.
    • Recognize commonly used medical prefixes and suffixes.
    • Differentiate between compound medical words and terms.
    • Identify prefixes related to position, color, direction, and numerical values.

    ### Student Learning Outcomes

    • Students will be able to discuss types of assessment.
    • Students will be able to correlate assessment methods with different Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs).

    Outline

    • The lecture examines the concept of assessment: what it is, why it is important, and when it is conducted (exam schedule).

    Medical Terminology

    • Leuk/o/cytosis: Increase in white blood cells
    • Erythr/o/cyt/osis: Increase in red blood cells
    • Thromb/o/cyt/osis: Increase in number of platelets
    • Lymph/o: Refers to the lymphatic system
    • Lymph/o/cyte: A type of white blood cell produced by the lymphatic system
    • Hist/o: Refers to tissue
    • Hist/o/logy: The study of tissues
    • Hist/o/logist: One who studies tissues
    • Hist/o/cyte: A tissue cell
    • Nephr/o: Refers to the kidney
    • Nephr/ology: The study of the kidney
    • Nephr/o/ptosis: Prolapsed (fallen) kidney
    • Nephr/itis: Inflammation of the kidney
    • Nephro/pathy: Disease of the kidney
    • -uria: Refers to urine
    • Poly/uria: Too much urination
    • Olig/uria: Abnormally low amount of urine
    • Dys/uria: Painful urination
    • Haemat/uria: Blood in the urine
    • Endo-: Refers to inside
    • Endo/crine: To secrete inside

    Health & Healthcare in Egypt

    • Health dimensions: Different aspects affecting health, including physical, mental, social, environmental, and spiritual well-being
    • Healthcare services: Categories include:
      • Level: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary care
      • Site: Clinic, Polyclinic, Medical Center, Hospital, Center of Excellence
      • Patients' stay: Outpatient (non-admitted to hospital), Inpatient (admitted to hospital)
      • Rapidity: Ambulatory (short-term), Stationary (long-term)
      • Finance: Governmental, Private, Health Insurance, Military
    • Types of Hospitals:
      • University hospitals: Affiliated with universities, often conduct research
      • Hospitals of Ministry of Health: Public hospitals run by the Ministry of Health and Population
      • Health Insurance hospitals: Operated by the Health Insurance Organization
      • Military hospitals: Run by the Ministries of Interior and Defense
      • Private hospitals: Operated independently
    • Private Healthcare: Includes private insurance options and networks of private healthcare providers.

    Learning Objectives

    • Understand the different dimensions of health
    • Classify healthcare services according to their level, site, patient stay, rapidity, and financing
    • Learn about pathways for becoming a specialist in Egypt

    Healthcare System in Egypt

    • Includes public and private institutions
    • Options for accessing healthcare depend on finances
    • Patients can choose their doctors based on their financial abilities
    • Public hospitals can provide basic healthcare services
    • Private hospitals offer a wider range of specialized services, often with more advanced technology

    Medical Terms

    • Terms related to the heart and blood vessels are used in medical contexts.
    • Pathological conditions in the heart and blood vessels are differentiated using specific medical terminology.

    Special Hospitals

    • Saudi Arabia provided three mobile hospitals to Egypt in 2013.
    • The Floating Hospital "Cruise 4 Good" was established in December 2019.
    • Disaster hospitals, such as COVID isolation hospitals, are designed for specific emergencies.
    • Disaster camp hospitals are temporary medical facilities set up in emergency situations.

    Urgency of Medical Care

    • Urgent medical care is needed immediately.
    • Emergency care is required within hours or days.
    • Semi-elective care can be scheduled within a few weeks.
    • Elective care can be planned months in advance.

    Healthcare Dimensions

    • Health encompasses emotional, intellectual, social, physical, and spiritual aspects.
    • Healthcare levels are categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
    • Specialists can be trained through various pathways.
    • Inpatient or outpatient care depends on the required service and patient's condition.
    • Medical facilities offer care through diverse settings.
    • Medical services vary in terms of urgency and patient needs.

    Assessing Student Competencies

    • Students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes are evaluated to gauge their understanding.

    Competency Components

    • Competency encompasses knowledge and understanding.
    • It also includes intellectual skills, clinical, procedural, practical, and technical skills.
    • Professional attitude, behavioral skills, communication skills, and general and transferable skills are essential elements of competency.

    Institutional Mission

    • The text mentions an institutional mission but does not provide specifics about the mission.

    Exam Instructions

    • The text mentions lead-in questions as a form of assessment.
    • Alternative options are presented with one correct answer and several incorrect distractors.
    • Repeated talking or using a mobile phone during an exam can result in dismissal.

    Introduction to Healthcare System

    • The course is taught by Dr. Hoda Khalifa, Professor of Histology and Cell Biology, and Vice Dean of Students' Affairs.
    • The course goal is to orient students with the healthcare system and their future role as physicians.
    • The course content includes:
      • EKB activity & Email
      • Reflective sheet
      • Questionnaire
      • Evaluation of the PBL participation sessions

    Assessment of NMD1000: Introduction to Medical School

    • The course is assessed through two written MCQs using bubble sheets.
    • Each exam is 10 questions based on lectures, PowerPoint presentations, and PDF files made available to students.
    • Exam 1 will cover lectures 7, 8, 10, and 11.
    • Exam 2 will cover lectures 13-16 and 19-22.
    • Each exam is worth 20 marks.
    • Exams are given at the start of the day on Saturdays during the 3rd and 4th weeks of the course.

    Graduation Requirements

    • To graduate and obtain a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery degree, candidates must pass all core courses with a minimum CGPA of 2.00.

    Abnormalities in Blood Cell Count

    • Leukocytosis: Increased white blood cell count, often indicating infection or inflammation.
    • Leukopenia: Decreased white blood cell count, potentially due to immune system deficiencies or certain medications.
    • Erythrocytosis: Increased red blood cell count, possibly due to conditions like polycythemia vera or high altitudes.
    • Anemia: Decreased red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels, often caused by iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies, or chronic illnesses.
    • Thrombocytosis: Increased platelet count, potentially associated with certain cancers or inflammatory conditions.
    • Thrombocytopenia: Decreased platelet count, leading to an increased risk of bleeding.

    Pathological Conditions of the Urinary System

    • Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidneys.
    • Pyelonephritis: Infection of the kidneys, often caused by bacteria ascending from the bladder.
    • Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder, commonly caused by bacterial infections.
    • Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra, often caused by sexually transmitted infections.
    • Nephrolithiasis: Kidney stones, formed by mineral deposits in the kidneys.
    • Hydronephrosis: Swelling of the kidneys due to a blockage in the urinary tract.
    • Renal Failure: Impaired kidney function, leading to a buildup of waste products in the blood.

    Surgical Interventions

    • Laparoscopy: Minimally invasive surgical procedure using a small incision and a camera to view and operate on internal organs.
    • Endoscopy: Procedure using a long, flexible tube with a camera to visualize the inside of a body cavity or organ.
    • Biopsy: Removal of a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope.
    • Excision: Surgical removal of a tumor or other abnormal tissue.
    • Resection: Partial removal of an organ or tissue.
    • Reconstruction: Surgical procedure to repair or rebuild a damaged or diseased organ or tissue.
    • Transplantation: Transfer of an organ or tissue from one person to another.

    Violations of Exams Regulations & Academic Integrity

    • Offending the Invigilator or Exam Supervision Authority: May result in failing all courses for the semester ("F" grades) and possible further disciplinary action.
    • Impersonating Another Student: This is considered a serious offense and could lead to final expulsion from the Academy.

    Assessment

    • Formative Assessment: Assessment that is used to monitor student learning progress during a course.
    • Summative Assessment: Assessment that is used to evaluate student learning at the end of a course or unit.

    Domains of Assessment

    • Knowledge: Measured through multiple-choice questions (MCQ), short-answer questions (SAQ), and other written assignments.
    • Psychomotor: Assessed through objective structured practical examinations (OSPE) and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE).
    • Attitude: Evaluated through assignments, portfolios, and other means that demonstrate the student's values, beliefs, and behaviors.

    Extended Matching Questions (EMQ)

    • EMQs are an assessment method that involves presenting a series of scenarios or questions followed by a list of options.
    • Students must match each scenario or question to the most appropriate option from the list.
    • EMQs are typically used to assess knowledge, understanding, and clinical reasoning skills.
    • They are often used in assessments to evaluate the ability to integrate information from different sources of knowledge or apply knowledge to real-world situations.

    Integrated Questions

    • Integrated questions are exam questions that require students to apply multiple concepts and skills from different areas of study.
    • These questions are designed to assess a student's ability to understand the relationship between different topics and to solve problems that require multidisciplinary thinking.

    End of Course Assessment

    • Integrated questions are often used at the end of a course to assess overall knowledge and understanding.
    • This type of assessment demonstrates the student's ability to connect concepts and solve problems that represent real-world scenarios.

    Angiogenesis

    • Malignant tumors associated with the development of new blood vessels
    • Physicians use radiographic assessments to visual blood vessels

    Medical Sector

    • Private medical sector may be perceived as superior to public services

    Medical Education Phases

    • Pre-clerkship: Students complete short answer questions
    • Clerkship: Students complete modified essay questions (MEQs)
    • MEQs: Constructed around a patient scenario and include laboratory data, X-rays, notes, or answer questions

    Medical Education

    • Participation in discussion forums is mandatory and worth 10 marks
    • Academy College of Medicine curriculum requires elective courses
    • Elective courses are not counted towards graduation cumulative marks

    Academic Integrity

    • Students are expected to maintain discipline and quiet during examinations
    • Disobeying exam regulations may result in an oral warning

    Honors

    • Students with a cumulative GPA of at least 3.00, achieved during all semesters of study, are eligible for honors
    • Honors are granted to students who have not received an "F" grade in any course during their studies

    Objectives

    • Students should be able to identify various heart and blood vessel-related medical terms
    • Students should be able to differentiate medical terms associated with heart and blood vessel diseases

    Assessment

    • There are formative and summative assessments.
    • Formative assessments include MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) and SAQ (Short Answer Questions)
    • Summative assessments are comprised of OSPE (Objective Structured Practical Examination) and OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination)
    • Students will also be assessed on assignments, portfolios and their attitude
    • Unauthorized materials for exams will lead to expulsion from the program.
    • Impersonation of another student during an exam will result in final expulsion.

    Resources

    • The resource for learning outcomes is by Morrison J.

    Students' Learning Outcomes

    • Students will be able to discuss types of assessment.
    • Students will be able to correlate assessment methods with different learning outcomes.

    Lecture Outline

    • The outline includes information about assessment:
      • What assessment is
      • Why assessment is important
      • When exams are scheduled
    • The outline includes information on assessment types and methods

    Becoming a Specialist in Egypt

    • To become a specialist in Egypt, you need to complete your training and earn your licensing.
    • The typical path involves pursuing a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBCh) degree, followed by specializing in a specific medical field.

    Medical Care Levels in Egypt

    • Primary Healthcare focuses on basic healthcare services, addressing common health issues.
    • Tertiary Care offers specialized care at a higher level within a hospital setting.

    Steps to Becoming a Specialist

    • General Practitioner (GP) Training: You must complete a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBCh) degree to become a general practitioner.
    • Specialized Training: To become a specialist, you need to go through post-graduate training after completing your BMBCh degree. This training typically involves rotations and specialization in a specific medical field.

    Requirements for Specialized Training

    • Licensing: After completing your specialized training, you need to obtain a license from the Egyptian Ministry of Health to practice as a specialist.
    • EKB Activity: The "Egypt Knowledge Bank" (EKB) offers resources and support for medical professionals.
    • Email and Online Resources: The program leverages email communication and online resources including videos and PDFs to support learning.  
    • Reflective Sheets: Students are expected to complete reflective sheets to assess their learning.

    Important Considerations

    • Good Medical Practice: Maintaining ethical and responsible medical practice is crucial for both GPs and Specialists.
    • Professional Conduct: The program emphasizes ethical and professional behavior, including not using mobile devices during exams or engaging in "repeated talking," resulting in potential dismissal from the program.

    Assessment

    • There are three types of assessments: formative, summative, and knowledge
    • Formative assessments are marked in class and contribute to a student's semester mark
    • Summative assessments include MCQ, SAQ, OSPE, OSCE, assignments, and portfolios
    • Knowledge domain is assessed through MCQs and SAQs
    • Psychomotor domain is assessed through OSPE and OSCE

    Resources

    • Leukocytosis is the increase in white blood cells
    • Erythrocytosis is an increase in red blood cells
    • Thrombocytosis is an increase in the number of platelets
    • Lymphocytes are WBCs produced by the lymphatic system
    • Histology is the study of tissues
    • Nephrology is the study of the kidneys
    • Nephroptosis is a prolapsed kidney
    • Nephritis is inflammation of the kidney
    • Nephropathy is disease of the kidney
    • Polyuria is excessive urination
    • Oliguria is abnormally low urine output
    • Dysuria is painful urination
    • Hematuria is blood in the urine

    Prefixes of position

    • Circum- means around
    • Peri- means around
    • Meta- means beyond, after
    • Retro- means behind
    • Ultra- means beyond, in excess

    Body planes

    • Coronal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior halves
    • Sagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left halves

    Directional Terms

    • Medial refers to the middle of the body
    • Lateral refers to the side of the body
    • Anterior refers to the front of the body
    • Posterior refers to the back of the body

    Distance and Directions

    • Proximal refers to closer to the point of reference
    • Distal refers to further from the point of reference
    • Superior refers to above
    • Inferior refers to below

    Site of Healthcare Delivery

    • Clinics are mostly mono-disciplinary
    • Polyclinics offer multiple specialties
    • Medical Centers provide integrated specialties and care for both inpatients and outpatients
    • Hospitals are highly specialized providers of long term care
    • Centers of excellence are highly specialized and often provide long term care

    Hospitals and Governance

    • University hospitals are research institutes and are overseen by the Ministry of Higher Education
    • Hospitals of the Ministry of Health are overseen by the Ministry of Health and Population
    • Health Insurance Hospitals are covered by the Health Insurance Organization
    • Military hospitals are managed by the Ministries of Interior and Defense
    • Private hospitals are independently owned

    Private Healthcare

    • Private healthcare is available with insurance plans and a network of private providers

    Assessment Venue

    • Assessment is conducted by the NMD 1000 course
    • Introduction to the medical profession is assessed through participation in discussion forums
    • Each student must participate in the forum with a comment and share a post
    • The forum participation is assessed at the end of the second week
    • The assessment is scheduled for Thursday, 12/10
    • The assessment is worth 10 marks

    Haematology

    • Study of blood
    • Haematologist is a physician specializing in blood diseases

    Haemopoiesis

    • Formation of blood cells

    Blood Loss

    • Haemorrhage means blood loss
    • Haematoma is a collection of blood outside the blood vessel

    Red Blood Cells

    • Also known as Erythrocytes

    White Blood Cells

    • Also known as Leukocytes

    Thrombocytes

    • Also known as Platelets
    • Thrombo means blood clot

    Blood Cell Deficiencies

    • Penia means poverty or lack
    • Leukopenia is a decrease in white blood cells
    • Thrombocytopenia is a decreased number of thrombocytes/platelets
    • Erythrocytopenia is a decrease in red blood cells

    Blood Cell Increases

    • -osis means pertaining to a condition of increased number
    • -osis indicates an increase in the number of blood cells

    Becoming a Medical Specialist in Egypt

    • Earning a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery degree (MBBCH) allows you to become a General Practitioner (GP)
    • Completing training and obtaining a license allows you to become a specialist

    Word Building System

    • Word Roots
    • Suffixes
    • Prefixes

    Word Roots of Major Organs

    • Stomato - Mouth
    • Dento - Teeth
    • Gingiva - Gums
    • Glosso/linguo - Tongue
    • Nephro/reno - Kidney
    • Encephalo - Brain
    • Hepato - Liver
    • Gastro - Stomach
    • Entero - Intestine

    Compound Words

    • Created by combining two word roots
    • Example: Chicken + Pox = Chickenpox
    • Other Examples: underage, shorthand, download, brainstem

    Compound Terms

    • Combine a word root with a combining vowel and another word root
    • For example: Gastr/o + scope = Gastroscope
    • Other examples: Neurosurgery, Micrometer, Hydrophobia, Hydrotherapy

    Prefixes and Suffixes

    • A Prefix comes at the beginning of a word
    • A Suffix comes at the end of a word

    Suffixes

    • Word root + Suffix = Noun
    • For example: dent + -ist = dentist
    • Word root + Suffix = Adjective
    • For example: Anem + -ic = Anemic

    Medical Sector

    • Profit centers include clinics, hospitals, and pharmacies
    • The private medical sector is thought to be superior to public services in terms of quality

    Clerkship Phase

    • Modified Essay Questions (MEQ) are used
    • Meqs are based on a patient scenario
    • In the pre-clerkship phase, short-answer questions are used

    Medical Terminology

    • Heart and blood vessel related terms
    • Pathological conditions of the heart and blood vessels
    • Abnormalities related to the number of blood cells
    • Pathological conditions of the urinary system
    • Surgical interventions

    Objectives

    • Identify medical terminology related to the heart and blood vessels
    • Differentiate medical terms related to pathological conditions of the heart and blood vessels
    • Identify medical terms related to abnormalities in number of blood cells
    • Identify medical terms to express pathological conditions related to the urinary system
    • Discuss some terms related to surgical interventions

    Assessment of NMD1000

    • Assessment includes participation in discussion forums
    • Participation on the forum is assessed at the end of the second week
    • Participation will be graded out of ten marks
    • The forum activity occurs on a Thursday
    • The due date is the 12th of October
    • Students are to share a comment and discuss the topic of the forum
    • The topic for the forum is "What do you expect in Academy College of Medicine?"
    • The assignment is worth ten marks

    Abnormalities in Blood Cell Count

    • Leukocytosis: An increase in the number of white blood cells, often indicating infection or inflammation.
    • Leukopenia: A decrease in the number of white blood cells, potentially caused by certain medications, autoimmune disorders, or infections.
    • Erythrocytosis: An increased number of red blood cells, possibly due to chronic lung disease or high altitudes.
    • Anemia: A decrease in red blood cells, often due to iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, or chronic blood loss.
    • Thrombocytosis: An increase in the number of platelets, which can lead to an increased risk of blood clots.
    • Thrombocytopenia: A decrease in the number of platelets, making it difficult for the body to clot properly.

    Pathological Conditions in the Urinary System

    • Nephritis: Inflammation of the kidneys.
    • Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder, often caused by a bacterial infection.
    • Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra, often caused by sexually transmitted infections.
    • Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidneys.
    • Renal failure: A condition where the kidneys are unable to filter waste products from the blood.
    • Kidney stones: Hard deposits that form in the kidneys, potentially causing pain and obstruction.
    • Urinary tract infection (UTI): A bacterial infection of the urinary tract.

    Surgical Interventions

    • Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive surgical technique that uses a small camera and surgical instruments inserted through small incisions in the abdomen.
    • Endoscopy: A procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the body, allowing for visualization of internal organs and structures.
    • Biopsy: The removal of a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope.
    • Excision: Surgical removal of a tumor or other tissue.
    • Reconstruction: A surgical procedure to repair or rebuild damaged tissue or organs.

    Academic Integrity Violations

    • Cheating: Using unauthorized materials or assistance during an exam.
    • Plagiarism: Presenting someone else’s work as your own.
    • Fabrication: Making up data or information.
    • Falsification: Manipulating data or results.
    • Unauthorized Collaboration: Working with others on assignments or exams without permission.

    Academic Integrity Consequences

    • Failing Grade: A failing grade on the assignment or exam.
    • Suspension: Temporary suspension from the institution.
    • Expulsion: Permanent dismissal from the institution.

    Competency

    • Knowledge and Understanding: Conceptual and factual information about the subject.
    • Intellectual Skills: Critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical abilities.
    • Clinical, Procedural, Practical, and Technical Skills: Hands-on skills and knowledge applied in clinical settings.
    • Professional Attitude and Behavioral Skills: Ethical conduct, communication, and teamwork capabilities.
    • Communication Skills: Effective written and oral communication.
    • General and Transferable Skills: Skills applicable to diverse professional environments.

    Assessment Methods

    • Short Answer Questions: Brief, factual answers to specific questions.
    • Modified Essay Questions (MEQ): Essay questions based on patient scenarios, requiring analysis, application of knowledge, and synthesis of information.

    Cardiology & Haematology

    • Cardi/o (card/o) means heart
    • Cardi/o/logy is the study of the heart
    • Cardi/o/megaly is an enlarged heart
    • Cardi/o/logist specializes in the study of heart diseases
    • Endo/carditis is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
    • Myo/carditis is inflammation of the muscle coat of the heart
    • Electr/o/cardi/o/gram (EKG or ECG) records electrical waves given off by the heart
    • Electr/o/cardi/o/graphy is the process of recording EKG/ECG using electricity
    • Echo/cardiogram is an ultrasound providing information about the heart's structure and movements
    • Contra- means against
    • Contra/indication means against indication
    • Contra/ceptive means against conception
    • Contra/lateral means opposite side
    • Dys- means painful, faulty, diseased, bad, difficult, abnormal
    • Dys/phag/ia indicates difficult swallowing
    • Dys/pepsia indicates indigestion
    • Dys/pnea indicates difficult breathing
    • Dys/uria indicates difficult urination
    • Pseudo- means false
    • Pseud/o/cyesis or Pseud/o/pregnancy refers to a false pregnancy
    • Pseud/o/cyst is a false cyst
    • Auto means self
    • Auto/lysis means self-destroying
    • Auto/immunity refers to an immune response to one's own tissues
    • Alg, algi: pain, myalgia, analgesia
    • Carcin: cancer, carcinogen
    • Onc/o: tumor, oncogene
    • Lith: stone, lithiasis
    • Path/o: disease, pathogen
    • Py/o: pus, pyogenic
    • Pyr/o: fever, fire, pyretic
    • Scler/o: hard, sclerosis
    • Tox/o: poison, exotoxin

    Prefixes & Suffixes related to disease

    • Mal-: bad (e.g., malabsorption)
    • Xero-: dry (e.g., xerosis)
    • Pachy-: thick (e.g., pachyemia)
    • -oma: tumor (e.g., blastoma)
    • -rhage: flow (e.g., hemorrhage)
    • -rhea: flow (e.g., rhinorrhea)
    • Edema: swelling (e.g., lymphedema)
    • Lysis: dissolving, destruction (e.g., hemolysis)
    • Malacia: softening (e.g., tracheomalacia)
    • Necrosis: death of (e.g., osteonecrosis)
    • Spasm: cramp, sudden contraction (e.g., bronchospasm)
    • Stasis: stoppage (e.g., hemostasis)
    • Stenosis: narrowing (e.g., arteriostenosis)

    Site of health care delivery

    • Clinic: Mono disciplinary
    • Polyclinic: Could be integrated with different specialties
    • Medical Center: Inpatient & Short term, Integrated with different specialties
    • Hospital: Inpatient & Long term, Highly specialized, integrated with different specialties
    • Center of excellence: Inpatient & Long term

    Hospitals & Governance

    • University hospitals, Research institutes. Patients have the liberty of choosing their doctor based on their financial abilities (Ministry of Higher Education)
    • Hospitals of Ministry of health. (Ministry of Health and Population)
    • Health insurance hospitals. (Health Insurance Organization)
    • Military hospitals. (Ministries of Interior and Defense)

    Private Healthcare

    • Private insurance options and a network of private healthcare providers

    Assessment in medical school

    • Formative evaluation is not an end in itself.

    How to do formative assessment?

    • Pre-reading quiz
    • The one-minute paper
    • Think-pair-share
    • Practical quiz
    • Multiple choice question
    • Problem-based learning (PBL)

    Medical Terminology

    • "Angionesis" should be replaced with "angiogenesis"
    • "Impersonation" should be replaced with "proxy"
    • "Formative Assessment" is used to monitor learning progress and provide feedback
    • "Summative Assessment" is used to evaluate students' overall understanding at the end of a course or unit.
    • "Resource: Morrison J." should be replaced with "Resource: Morrison J. (to insert a feeding tube)"
    • "Ren/o" refers to kidney, while "Ren/al" means pertaining to the kidney.
    • The course, Medical Terminology 1, is presented by Dr. Hoda Khalifa, Professor of Histology and Cell Biology and Vice Dean of Students' Affairs.

    Medical Terminology Objectives

    • The objectives of the course include:
      • Identify the medical words' building system
      • Identify commonly used medical prefixes and suffixes
      • Differentiate compound medical words and terms
      • List prefixes of position, color, directions, numerical

    Assessment Methods

    • Different assessment methods are used throughout the course:
      • Multiple-choice questions (MCQ)
      • Short answer questions (SAQ)
      • Modified essay questions (MEQ)

    Assessment Structure

    • The structure of MCQ assessments includes:
      • An option list (generally more than 5, usually 8)
      • A lead-in statement
      • Three or four stems or clinical scenarios
      • The candidate must choose the most appropriate option from A–H
      • If an option is correct for more than one question, there must be a written instruction

    Assessment Timeline

    • Short answer questions (SAQ) are used in the pre-clerkship phase.
    • Modified essay questions (MEQ) are used in the clerkship phase.
    • MEQ are constructed around a patient scenario.

    Outpatient Care

    • Patients do not have to stay in the hospital.
    • Can be provided in various settings, including hospitals, walk-in clinics, outpatient surgery centers, and doctors' offices.
    • Includes medical screenings (mammogram, colonoscopy, endoscopy), minor surgeries (laser surgery, hand/foot surgery, mole removal, Lasik eye surgery), and long-term illness treatments (dialysis, chemotherapy).

    Inpatient Care

    • Patients are admitted to the hospital for an extended period.
    • Requires advanced medical care and monitoring by healthcare professionals.

    Medical Terminology

    • Singular and plural forms:
    • Sarcoma - Sarcomata
    • Diagnosis - Diagnoses
    • Phalanx - Phalanges
    • Coccus - Cocci
    • Vertex - Vertices
    • Cervix - Cervices

    Prefixes of Position

    • Circum- = around
    • Peri- = around
    • Meta- = beyond, after
    • Retro- = behind
    • Ultra- = beyond, in excess
    • Meso- = middle

    Body Planes

    • Coronal/Sagittal:
      • Coronal: Cut through body from top to bottom, dividing into anterior and posterior halves.
      • Sagittal: Vertical cut, divides body into equal right and left halves.

    Directional Terms

    • Medial: Towards the middle of the body.
    • Lateral: Towards the side of the body.
    • Anterior: Front of the body.
    • Posterior: Back of the body.

    Combined Directional Terms

    • Anterolateral: Front and side of the body.
    • Anteromedial: Front and middle of the body.
    • Anterosuperior: Front and top of the body.
    • Posterolateral: Back and side of the body.
    • Posteroexternal: Back and outside of the body.
    • Posterointernal: Back and inside of the body.

    Distance and Directions

    • Example: "The elbow is..." (The text leaves this statement unfinished)

    Introduction to Healthcare System

    • The goal is for students to understand the healthcare system and their potential role as physicians.
    • Students are assessed on their knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

    Competency

    • Includes:
      • Knowledge and understanding
      • Intellectual skills
      • Clinical, procedural, practical, and technical skills
      • Professional attitude and behavioral skills
      • Communication skills
      • General and transferable skills

    Institutional Mission

    • The text does not provide a specific mission statement.

    Student Registration

    • A student's registration for the following semester may be suspended if they violate exam regulations or academic integrity.

    Body Planes

    • The text discusses different body planes.

    Word Building

    • Word roots are the base of a word and indicate the core meaning.
    • Suffixes are added at the end of a word to modify its meaning.
    • Prefixes are added at the beginning of a word to modify its meaning.

    Major Organ Word Roots

    • Stomato: mouth
    • Dento: teeth
    • Gingiva: gums
    • Glosso/linguo: tongue
    • Nephro/reno: kidney
    • Encephalo: brain
    • Hepato: liver
    • Gastro: stomach
    • Entero: intestine

    Compound Words

    • Compound words are formed by combining two or more words.
    • Examples: chickenpox, underage, shorthand, download, brainstem

    Compound Terms

    • Compound terms are formed by combining word roots with combining vowels and other word roots.
    • Examples: gastroscope, neurosurgery, micrometer, hydrophobia, hydrotherapy

    Prefixes and Suffixes

    • A prefix is added at the beginning of a word.
    • A suffix is added at the end of a word.

    Suffixes: Nouns & Adjectives

    • Suffixes can create nouns or adjectives from word roots.
    • Example: dent + -ist = dentist (noun)
    • Example: anem + -ic = anemic (adjective)

    Formative Evaluation

    • Formative evaluation is not an end in itself.
    • Examples of formative assessment:
      • Pre-reading quiz
      • One-minute paper
      • Think-pair-share
      • Practical quiz
      • Multiple choice question
      • Problem-based learning (PBL)

    Extended Matching Questions (EMQs)

    • EMQs are a type of assessment that requires students to match items from two lists.
    • EMQs must follow a theme.
    • Construction of EMQs:
      • All program required elective courses
      • The Portfolio evaluation
      • Elective courses marks are not counted in the graduation cumulative marks

    Honours (Merit) in Studies

    • Honours may be awarded to students with a cumulative GPA of at least 3.00.
    • This GPA requirement must be met across all semesters of study.
    • Students must not have received an "F" grade in any course during their studies.

    Violations of Exam Regulations

    • Disobeying examination regulations:
      • Disrupting the discipline or quietness of the exam hall.
    • Academic Integrity:
      • Oral warning for violations of exam regulations and academic integrity.

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    Medical Terminology 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in the assessment and evaluation of medical education, including competencies, institutional missions, and recent advancements in certification pathways. It focuses on the importance of various assessment methods and tools in ensuring quality education in the medical field.

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