Millwork Design and Communication Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a common reason for major design changes in millwork projects?

  • Budget constraints
  • Client requests
  • Material availability (correct)
  • Unforeseen site conditions

What is the primary purpose of an IFA (Issue for Approval) document?

  • To submit a detailed cost estimate to the client
  • To gather missing information from the client or architect
  • To present final drawings for construction
  • To provide a preliminary design for the client's approval (correct)

Which type of communication is MOST commonly used to clarify missing specifications in a millwork project?

  • Shop drawings
  • IFC (Issued for Construction)
  • IFA (Issue for Approval)
  • RFI (Request for Information) (correct)

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a missing detail that could hold up millwork production?

<p>Window dimensions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In residential millwork projects, who is typically involved in the communication process?

<p>Client, designer, and millwork company (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of millwork drawings, what does 'Puck lights' refer to?

<p>A type of decorative ceiling fixture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between architectural millwork and residential millwork?

<p>The communication process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, which of the following design considerations can help minimize design changes in millwork projects?

<p>Taking material size into consideration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the teeth on a rip blade and a crosscut blade?

<p>Rip blade teeth have a larger positive hook, while crosscut blade teeth have a smaller, neutral, or negative hook. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym 'ATB' stand for in relation to saw blade teeth?

<p>Alternate Tooth Bevel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a common use for a combination blade?

<p>Cutting extremely thin veneers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a triple chip tooth design in a saw blade?

<p>It aids in breaking up softwood fibers and preventing tear-out. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials is NOT typically considered a sheet good?

<p>Log (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of saw blade is specifically designed for cutting across wood grain?

<p>Crosscut blade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes a rip blade from a crosscut blade?

<p>The shape and angle of the teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should you never use a crosscut blade for ripping wood?

<p>The gullets would become clogged, potentially causing damage to the blade. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum hook angle recommended for ripping extremely hard wood?

<p>15° (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two key factors that indicate if a blade is too dull or the wrong type for the task?

<p>The wood is difficult to feed into the blade and starts to smoke. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when designing a project that involves wood cutting?

<p>The cost of different types of saw blades. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a rip blade to cut along the grain?

<p>It removes wood fibers quickly and efficiently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to provide accurate specifications early in the design process?

<p>To avoid costly mistakes and redesign. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common thickness for Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)?

<p>12 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical thickness for particle board?

<p>1/4” (6 mm) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using multiple layers in plywood construction?

<p>Increases stability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plywood is primarily used in construction applications where strength is prioritized?

<p>Softwood plywood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are MDF sheets typically sized in terms of width and length?

<p>Oversized by 1 inch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of core material can be found in plywood construction?

<p>Composition board or solid wood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of layers needed in a plywood panel?

<p>Three layers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard width for MDF press sheets?

<p>1520 mm (B), 1220 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using hardwood plywood?

<p>To prioritize appearance over strength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common dimension for plywood sheets?

<p>4' x 8' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veneer cutting method is likely to produce a cathedral pattern?

<p>Flat cut (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of High Density Overlay (HDO) plywood?

<p>It has a chemically resistant face (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of veneer is typically sliced as thin as 1/40 of an inch?

<p>Imported plywood face veneer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Medium Density Overlay (MDO) from other types of overlay plywood?

<p>It has the most common usage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From what part of the log is quarter-sliced veneer derived?

<p>A quartered log (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common advantage of using veneer in woodworking?

<p>It minimizes the use of wood resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using a slip match in veneer processing?

<p>To join each piece without flipping it, maintaining continuous grain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cutting method is used to minimize large ray flecks in oak?

<p>Rift cut (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT recommended for hot pressing veneers?

<p>Contact cement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of decorative joints in woodworking?

<p>To highlight beautiful joinery methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In veneer assembly, what does the random match method aim to achieve?

<p>A natural, uninhibited look without matching (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these joints is primarily used in the construction of window frames?

<p>Frame joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct benefit of using plywood face matching methods?

<p>To create a seamless continuous grain pattern (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adhesive is considered best for cold pressing veneers?

<p>Good wood glue with hard setting properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Design Specifications

Detailed measurements and conditions provided early in the design process.

Site Conditions

The physical characteristics and limitations of a construction site.

Rip Blade

A saw blade designed to cut along the wood grain, featuring large, chisel-like teeth.

Crosscut Blade

A saw blade designed to cut across the wood grain, with smaller, pointed teeth.

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Combination Blade

A saw blade that merges features of rip and crosscut blades.

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Maximum Hook Angle

The optimal angle for a rip blade's teeth, affecting cutting efficiency.

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Gullet Size

The space between the teeth on a saw blade, important for sawdust removal.

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Signs of Dulling Blade

Indicators that a saw blade is becoming ineffective, such as difficulty feeding wood.

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Architectural millwork

Communication primarily between the Architect and millwork company, with established design before estimating.

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Residential millwork

Communication involving owner, designer, and millwork company, with flexibility in design during estimating.

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RFI (Request For Information)

Written communication to gather missing information from the construction contract scope.

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IFA (Issue For Approval)

Document for review that includes information necessary for construction and may require revisions.

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IFC (Issued For Construction)

Finalized documents modified to reflect all changes and accurate specifications for construction.

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Millwork shop drawing

Detailed drawings the millwork company will use to construct the millwork items.

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Missing information in design drawings

Commonly lacks finishing schedule, hardware, appliance specs, and details essential for production.

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IFA revisions

Updates to IFA drawings that reflect site measurements or design conflicts to meet client needs.

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Triple Chip Tooth

A tooth design that can cut through composites, used in conjunction with rip teeth.

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Sheet Goods

Materials that come in flat sheets, including some that can be rolled.

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MDF

Medium Density Fiberboard, a type of composition board made from wood fibers.

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MDF Thickness

Common MDF thickness ranges from 2.5 mm to 50 mm; typical sizes include 6mm, 12mm, and 19mm.

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MDF Sheet Size

MDF sheets are often sold 25 mm oversized in width and length; standard size is 4’ x 8’ or 5’ x 10’.

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Hardwood Plywood

Plywood made primarily of hardwood veneer for aesthetic use, not strength.

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Particle Board

A composite board made from wood particles, glued together; available in various thicknesses.

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Particle Board Thickness

Common thicknesses range from 3/8” (10mm) to 1 5/8” (41mm), with 2 ¼” for core use.

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Plywood Sizes

Common plywood sizes include thickness from 1/8” to 1 ½” and dimensions like 4' x 8'.

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Overlay Plywood

Softwood plywood with resin impregnated overlay, used for signs; available in MDO and HDO grades.

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Plywood Layers

Plywood consists of at least 3 layers of wood veneer glued together, alternating direction.

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Veneer

Thin sheets of wood cut from a log, providing an aesthetic surface over composites.

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Plywood Classes

Types of plywood categorized by construction and use, including softwood for structural strength.

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Overlay Plywood

A type of plywood with a thin, decorative layer on top, typically used for aesthetic purposes.

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Flitch

A stack or bundle of veneers cut from a log, forming the basis of veneer production.

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Rotary Cut Veneer

Veneer produced by rotating a log against a knife on a lathe.

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Flat Cut Veneer

Veneer obtained by slicing a half log parallel to its center, showing cathedral patterns.

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Quarter Sliced Veneer

Veneer cut from a quartered log, showing distinct grain patterns parallel to the rays.

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Rift Cut

A veneer cutting method from a quartered log at 45 degrees to rings.

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Book Match

A common veneer pattern where every second piece is flipped like a book.

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Slip Match

Each veneer piece is joined without flipping for a linear pattern.

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Random Match

Veneer pattern with no matching attempt for a casual look.

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Plywood Face Matching

Joining veneer slices into faces using specific matching methods.

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Stitching Method

Assembling veneer on the back side to prevent splits.

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Adhesives for Veneering

Different glues for hot and cold pressing processes in veneering.

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Woodworking Joints Purpose

Joints used to hold, support, and enhance the decor of wood pieces.

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Study Notes

Architectural Millwork

  • Communication occurs between the architect and the millwork company.
  • Information is typically set before the estimating stage.
  • AWMAC (Architectural Woodwork Manufacturers Association of Canada) is a relevant association.

Residential Millwork

  • Communication involves the owner, designer, and the millwork company.
  • Design changes can happen during the estimating phase.
  • Construction standards show more variation.
  • CKCA (Canadian Kitchen Cabinet Association) is a key association.

Communication Types

RFI (Request for Information)

  • Written communication used to gather missing information not initially in the contract.
  • Used to clarify aspects of the project or make material substitutions.
  • Used to find missing specifications (hardware, appliances, finishes, etc.).

IFA (Issue for Approval)

  • Documents or drawings reviewed by client, designer, architect, or organization.
  • These documents contain construction information.
  • RFIs might be asked within the IFA process.
  • Communication can go back and forth between client and millwork company multiple times.

IFC (Issued for Construction)

  • Includes all changes, relevant addenda, alternate pricing options, and accurate site measurements.

Millwork Shop Drawings

  • These are the drawings the millwork company uses for construction.
  • Design drawings come with a spec package containing necessary information.
  • Potential reasons for delays in production include missing information regarding finishing schedules, hardware specifics, appliance specifications, adequate details, and puck lights.

Design Changes

  • Design adjustments, whether minor or major, might influence drawings and schedules.
  • The client's needs, design conflicts, budget constraints, and timeline restraints are factors.
  • Maintaining build schedules relies on quick adjustments to design drawings.

Saw Blades

Rip Blade

  • Cuts with the grain of the wood.
  • Large, chisel-like teeth with deeply angled hooks.
  • Cuts quickly but not smoothly.

Crosscut Blade

  • Cuts across the grain of wood.
  • Has smaller teeth than rip blades.
    • These teeth are sharper.
  • Should not be used for ripping as this is less efficient.
  • If the blade is dull or mismatched, there may be difficulty feeding wood into the blade.

Combination Blade

  • Used for both ripping and crosscutting.
  • Features a mix of rip and crosscut teeth.
  • Not as fast or efficient as specialized rip or crosscut blades.

Sheet Goods

  • Materials that come in flat sheets.
  • Examples include plywood, MDF, particle board, plastic laminate, other plastics, cork, glass, insulation, and metal.

Composition Boards

  • Wood-based panels made from fibers, chips, or flakes.
  • Includes MDF and particle board.

MDF (Medium-Density Fiberboard)

  • Common trade names include Medite® and Ranger®.
  • Sizes vary from 2.5 mm (1/10”) to 50 mm (2”) in thickness.
  • Most common thicknesses are 6mm, 12mm, 19mm, and 25mm.
  • Usually sold 2mm wider than requested.

Particle Board

  • Thicknesses range from 3/8" (10mm) to 1 5/8" (41mm). Door cores can be as thick as 2¼" (57mm).
  • Made by new processes for veneering.
  • Thicknesses are available in 1/16" (2mm) increments.

Plywood

  • At least 3 layers of wood veneer.
  • Veneers glue on front and back.
  • Core can be other materials like plywood, composite board, solid wood or a combination.
  • Veneer layers are glued at right angles.

Hardwood Plywood

  • Appearance is more important than strength.
  • Variety of cores.
  • Primarily interior use; usually not waterproof adhesive.
  • Wide variety of wooden veneers (some high-end softwoods).

Overlay Plywood

  • Resins or chemicals give special overlay layer.
  • Comes in (MDO) Medium Density Overlay and (HDO) High Density Overlay grades.

Veneer

  • Solid wood, sliced from a log called a flitch.
  • Thin sheets used for surfaces.
  • Hardwood or softwood used; imported plywood.
  • Softwood can be 3/16" thick

Veneer Cutting Methods

Rotary cut

  • Log mounted on a lathe.
  • Rotating log against a stationary knife.

Flat cut

  • Taken from a half log, cut parallel to the log's center.
  • Produces distinct patterns on the veneer faces.

Half round

  • Half log rotates against a stationary knife.
  • Creates a pattern similar to flat cut but with broader leaves.

Quarter sliced

  • Cut from a quartered log, parallel to rays.

Rift cut

  • 45 degrees to growth rings.
  • Minimizes large ray flecks.
  • Creates comb grain patterns if grains are straight and fine textured.

Plywood Face Matching Methods

  • Veneer slices are stacked to form a flitch.
  • Joined into faces or backs. Book match, slip match, random match, pleasing match.

Other Veneer Patterns

Box, Reverse box, Checker box

Diamond, Reverse diamond, Four-way center butt

Methods for Veneer Assembling

  • Stitching, taping, and edge gluing are common methods.
  • Stitching done on the back of the veneer.
  • Taping occurs on the face, then sanded.

Adhesives for Veneering

  • Hot pressing uses cross-linked PVA or Urea Formaldehyde.
  • Cold pressing uses good wood glue (UF 109).
  • Contact cement is not recommended.

Woodworking Joints

  • Some joints are precise (dowel joint).
  • Others allow movement (spline or biscuit joint).
  • Purpose: hold and support

Decorative Joints

  • Box joint, dado & rabbet joints highlight joinery.
  • These joints can hide construction methods.

Frame Joints

  • Examples: through mortise, blind mortise, slotted through mortise.

Casework Joints

  • Used to connect and strengthen cabinet parts; boxes, shelves.
  • Joints seen include dowel joints, dados, rabbets, grooves, splines, and biscuit joints.

Mechanical Fasteners

  • Used in casework construction and a wide variety of styles.

Drawer Joints

  • Drawers use various joints.
  • Bottom can be set into grooves (all four sides for premium, two sides and front for custom, mill for economy).

Other Useful Joints

  • Examples include cross lap, middle lap, miter, scarf, spline, and finger joints (illustrated).

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