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Questions and Answers
Which approach to viewing reality focuses on physical features and objective existence?
Which approach to viewing reality focuses on physical features and objective existence?
- Scientific Approach (correct)
- Interpretative Approach
- Philosophical Approach
- Experiential Approach
What does the term 'ontology' refer to in relation to reality?
What does the term 'ontology' refer to in relation to reality?
- The study of theories and concepts
- The study of sensory perceptions
- The study of the nature of reality (correct)
- The study of personal beliefs
Which of the following statements best describes a Personal Knowledge Statement?
Which of the following statements best describes a Personal Knowledge Statement?
- A scientific hypothesis requiring verification.
- A declaration of universal truths about reality.
- A reflection on individual experiences shaping one's understanding. (correct)
- A community consensus on accepted knowledge.
According to the content, how is knowledge generated?
According to the content, how is knowledge generated?
What is implied by the quote, 'Reality is that which, if you stop believing in it, does not go away'?
What is implied by the quote, 'Reality is that which, if you stop believing in it, does not go away'?
What was one of the significant agricultural practices along the Yangtze River around 10,000 to 7000 BCE?
What was one of the significant agricultural practices along the Yangtze River around 10,000 to 7000 BCE?
Which of the following systems of government was NOT characteristic of Chinese civilization?
Which of the following systems of government was NOT characteristic of Chinese civilization?
Which of these inventions is closely associated with the advancements of Chinese civilization?
Which of these inventions is closely associated with the advancements of Chinese civilization?
What aspect of family was emphasized in Chinese civilization?
What aspect of family was emphasized in Chinese civilization?
Which civilization is noted as a successor to Hellenistic Greece?
Which civilization is noted as a successor to Hellenistic Greece?
Which groups were significant in colonizing Italy?
Which groups were significant in colonizing Italy?
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Classical Period in China?
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Classical Period in China?
What type of farming practice was present south of the Yangtze?
What type of farming practice was present south of the Yangtze?
What is a key characteristic that differentiates a theory from a law in scientific discourse?
What is a key characteristic that differentiates a theory from a law in scientific discourse?
Which of the following is not considered a sacrifice from technology use?
Which of the following is not considered a sacrifice from technology use?
During which historical period was the discovery of fire first made?
During which historical period was the discovery of fire first made?
What is one of the primary advancements attributed to the industrial revolution?
What is one of the primary advancements attributed to the industrial revolution?
Which of the following statements is true regarding scientific naturalism?
Which of the following statements is true regarding scientific naturalism?
What defines the Interpretivist viewpoint in scientific inquiry?
What defines the Interpretivist viewpoint in scientific inquiry?
Which of the following is a consequence of increased dependency on technology?
Which of the following is a consequence of increased dependency on technology?
What principle did Thales of Miletus propose as the originating principle of nature?
What principle did Thales of Miletus propose as the originating principle of nature?
Which of these advancements is not a benefit associated with technology?
Which of these advancements is not a benefit associated with technology?
Which philosopher is known for the phrase 'cogito, ergo sum'?
Which philosopher is known for the phrase 'cogito, ergo sum'?
Which of the following ideas is Karl Popper most associated with in the context of scientific methodology?
Which of the following ideas is Karl Popper most associated with in the context of scientific methodology?
What belief did Pythagoras famously hold about beans?
What belief did Pythagoras famously hold about beans?
Which mathematical equation is attributed to Pythagoras regarding right triangles?
Which mathematical equation is attributed to Pythagoras regarding right triangles?
Who is recognized as the 'Father of Science'?
Who is recognized as the 'Father of Science'?
What concept did Descartes promote regarding scientific knowledge?
What concept did Descartes promote regarding scientific knowledge?
What significant impact did Pythagoras's ideas have on the history of science?
What significant impact did Pythagoras's ideas have on the history of science?
What significant outcome resulted from reduccion during the Spanish colonial period?
What significant outcome resulted from reduccion during the Spanish colonial period?
Which Act recognized private schools as educational institutions in the Philippines?
Which Act recognized private schools as educational institutions in the Philippines?
Which institution was established in Cebu City in 1595?
Which institution was established in Cebu City in 1595?
What was one of the responsibilities granted to the Secretary of Public Instruction under Act No. 2076?
What was one of the responsibilities granted to the Secretary of Public Instruction under Act No. 2076?
How did the role of religious orders impact the development of higher education in the Philippines?
How did the role of religious orders impact the development of higher education in the Philippines?
What was the role of the datus during the Spanish colonial period?
What was the role of the datus during the Spanish colonial period?
What initiative was absorbed by the Bureau of Government Laboratories created by the Philippine Commission in 1901?
What initiative was absorbed by the Bureau of Government Laboratories created by the Philippine Commission in 1901?
Which of the following was NOT a school established during the early colonial period?
Which of the following was NOT a school established during the early colonial period?
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Study Notes
Milestones in Development of Science
- Essence derived through reduction and inductive reasoning.
- Thales of Miletus is the first philosopher in Greek tradition (624-546 BC) questioning the nature of reality.
- Advocated for water as the origin of nature; rejected supernatural explanations.
- Pythagoras (571-491 BC) known for the Pythagorean theorem (c² = a² + b²) and belief in the purity of numbers.
- Karl Popper (1902-1994) emphasized scientific method focused on falsification of theories.
Reality and Knowledge
- Reality defined by experiences perceived through senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell).
- Philip K. Dick's concept: reality continues to exist irrespective of belief.
- Knowledge bridges the gap between real and theoretical worlds.
- Personal knowledge stems from subjective experiences informing understanding.
Approaches to Viewing Reality
- Scientific Approach: concerns objective physical features.
- Interpretative Approach: focuses on symbolic interpretations based on philosophical grounds, like ontology (nature of reality).
- Scientific Naturalism debates whether reality is independent of our perceptions.
Technology's Historical Context
- Technological advancements began in the Stone Age with simple tools and the discovery of fire.
- Progressed through the Bronze Age and Iron Age, leading to the Industrial Revolution and mass production.
- Benefits of technology include improved communication, ease of travel, and better health, but also result in job loss and increased social isolation.
Theory vs. Law in Science
- Theories and laws are both founded on tested hypotheses and empirical data.
- Theories explain phenomena but still require additional evidence, while laws describe phenomena that are well-proven.
- Both concepts are widely accepted within scientific communities.
Key Characteristics of Chinese Civilization
- Reverence for ancestors and a strong family structure.
- Importance placed on education and the written word.
- Innovations include bronze ware, ceramics, historical literature, poetry, metallurgy, silk, and tea production.
Roman Civilization
- Fall under successor to Hellenistic Greece, located along the fertile Tiber River.
- Influenced by three major groups: Etruscans (civilized with little documentation), Greeks (migrated due to overcrowding), and Indo-Europeans settled around 1500 BCE.
Education in the Philippines
- Act No. 2076 (1917) established private schools as educational institutions.
- Aim to maintain educational standards in private institutions under the Secretary of Public Instruction's supervision.
- Historical schools include Colegio de San Ildefonso, Ateneo de Manila, and Colegio de San Juan de Letran, contributing to the development of science and local governance.
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