84 Questions
Which of the following cognitive domains may be affected in Mild Neurocognitive Disorder?
Impairment in social cognition
Which of the following is a characteristic of Mild Neurocognitive Disorder?
Preserved instrumental activities of daily living
What differentiates Major Neurocognitive Disorder from Mild Neurocognitive Disorder?
Significant cognitive decline
Which condition is specifically mentioned as not being a better explanation for cognitive deficits?
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Which domain is less likely to be affected in Mild Neurocognitive Disorder?
Loss of sitting
Which factor is highlighted as contributing to preserved independence in everyday activities in Mild Neurocognitive Disorder?
Use of compensatory strategies
Which symptom is indicative of a severe level of dementia according to the DSM-5?
Loss of speech
Which of the following is categorized as a behavioral symptom in dementia?
Mood disturbance
Which cognitive domain is not impaired in NCD due to Alzheimer’s Disease?
Perceptual-Motor
In NCD Due to Alzheimer’s Disease, when is probable Alzheimer’s Disease diagnosed?
All three specific criteria are met
Which level of severity in dementia is characterized by difficulties with basic activities of daily living according to the DSM-5?
Moderate
What is a common symptom observed in severe levels of dementia according to the DSM-5?
Agitation
What is a key requirement for establishing a substantial impairment in cognitive performance related to neurocognitive disorder?
Standardized neuropsychological testing
Which of the following scenarios would indicate a significant cognitive deficit as per the provided text?
Being unable to manage medications independently
In the context of neurocognitive disorders, what condition can cognitive deficits not occur within?
Delirium
Which of the following would not be a valid cause for cognitive deficits as per the provided information?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
What is a possible qualifier for specifying a cause under DSM-5 for neurocognitive disorders?
Psychotic symptoms
Which of the following conditions could potentially co-occur with cognitive deficits in a patient according to the text?
Alcohol Use Disorder
What is a common symptom observed in the third stage of Clinical Course of DAT?
Florid psychosis
Which functional loss is often associated with a more advanced stage of dementia?
Hygiene and incontinence
What is a characteristic symptom of psychosis in patients with dementia?
Simple, paranoid claims about family and environment
Which statement best describes the cognitive changes in Clinical Course of DAT Stage 4?
Severe dementia and complete dependence
Which condition is not mentioned in the text as a stage of Clinical Course of DAT?
Stage 6
What is highlighted as a predictor of a more rapid decline in dementia patients?
Early identification of DAT
What is the primary component of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease?
Beta-amyloid and aluminium silicate
Which region of the brain shows severe loss in the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer's disease?
Basal forebrain
What is a characteristic metabolic change observed in Stage 1 of Dementia of Alzheimer's Type (DAT)?
Bilateral metabolic temporoparietal hypoperfusion
In Alzheimer's disease, what results from the accumulation of tangles and amyloid plaques?
Loss of synapses and cells
Which neurotransmitter production is affected due to severe loss in the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer's disease?
Acetylcholine
What is a common consequence of cortical atrophy in Alzheimer's disease?
Widened cortical sulci
What is the characteristic feature of toxic neuronal inclusions in Parkinson's Disease and Lewy Body Dementia?
Circular shape with a dense protein core and peripheral halo
Which subtype of Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) is known to have cognitive symptoms prior to or at the same time as parkinsonism?
Lewy Body Variant of Alzheimer’s Disease
What is the male to female ratio in the onset of Lewy Body Variant of Alzheimer's Disease?
1.5:1
In Lewy Body Dementia, what is the relative contribution of different pathologies like Lewy bodies, plaques, and tangles?
Relative contribution is unclear
Which neurodegenerative condition is described as the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's Disease?
Diffuse Lewy Body Disease
What distinguishes DLB (Diffuse Lewy Body Disease) from Parkinson's Disease regarding the development of cognitive symptoms?
Cognitive symptoms develop after parkinsonism in PD
What is the primary component of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease?
Amyloid peptides and aluminium silicate
In Alzheimer's disease, what is a common consequence of cortical atrophy?
Enlarged ventricles
Which region of the brain shows severe loss in the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer's disease?
Basal forebrain
What distinguishes Frontotemporal Dementia from Alzheimer's disease regarding cognitive symptoms?
Altered personality and behavior are prominent features of Frontotemporal Dementia
What is a characteristic symptom of aphasia often seen in patients with Frontotemporal Dementia?
Difficulty speaking or finding words
Which condition involves Lewy bodies and neurofibrillary tangles along with significant amyloid-beta deposition?
Alzheimer's Disease with Lewy Bodies
Which protein is primarily associated with toxic neuronal inclusions in Parkinson's Disease and Lewy Body Dementia?
Alpha-synuclein
What is a characteristic feature of Lewy Body Variant of Alzheimer’s Disease?
Varied onset from 50s to 80s
In terms of survival time, how does pure Diffuse Lewy Body Disease (DLB) compare to patients with Alzheimer's Disease?
DLB patients have shorter survival times
What is the relative contribution of different pathologies like Lewy bodies, plaques, and tangles in Diffuse Lewy Body Disease and Diffuse Alzheimer's Type (DAT)?
Lewy bodies, plaques, and tangles are seen in both DLB and DAT
Which subtype of Lewy Body Dementia often has cognitive symptoms prior to or at the same time as parkinsonism?
Parkinson’s disease with dementia
In the context of neurodegenerative conditions, what distinguishes Fronto-temporal Dementia from Alzheimer's Disease?
Development of aphasia instead of memory loss in FTD
What is a common symptom observed in the third stage of Clinical Course of DAT?
Hallucinations
Which cognitive function may be impaired in fronto-temporal dementia?
Word-finding deficits
In Alzheimer's disease, what symptom is commonly associated with the accumulation of tangles and amyloid plaques?
Memory loss
Which condition may be a predictor of more rapid decline in individuals with dementia?
Florid psychosis
Which feature is commonly associated with aphasia?
Word-finding deficits
What is one of the early signs of Fronto-Temporal Dementia (FTD)?
Declining initiative
Why does dry mouth in older adults make it harder to eat?
It leads to difficulty in swallowing
What is a common consequence of the stomach lining thinning in older adults?
Higher likelihood of gastric reflux
How does the loss of pain receptors in the stomach lining affect older adults?
Makes the stomach more sensitive to acid
Why are side effects in older adults often misdiagnosed as another illness?
They mimic symptoms of different illnesses
How does decreased metabolism impact older adults?
It contributes to slower processing of medications
What is a common issue faced by older adults when it comes to dehydration?
Excessive thirst perception
What is a common prodromal symptom of delirium according to the text?
Restlessness
Which medication can potentially cause or promote delirium in susceptible patients based on the text?
Anticholinergics with high toxicity
What percentage of hospitalized delirious patients are at risk of death due to underlying medical conditions or complications?
20-25%
Which factor is highlighted as a precipitating risk factor for delirium according to the text?
Polypharmacy
What distinguishes the course of delirium from that of dementia based on the text?
Delirium has a slower onset with systemic illness implications
What is characterized as a common feature of a successful treatment approach for delirium according to the text?
Complete remission of symptoms
What distinguishes Primary Progressive Aphasia variant of FTD from other subtypes?
Exclusive impairment in language during the first two years
Which statement regarding the Language Variant of FTD is accurate based on the information provided?
Typically involves difficulties in reading and writing
What is a notable characteristic of Language Variant onset according to the text?
Can remain confined to language impairment for over 15 years
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with the Language Variant of FTD?
Memory loss
What is a common consequence for patients with Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) due to the condition's characteristics?
Becoming mute as speech content decreases
Which treatment approach is highlighted for addressing emotional and behavioral symptoms in FTD?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
What is a common symptom experienced by individuals with language deficits in neurodegenerative diseases?
Gradual decline in speech fluency
Which aspect of language is commonly affected in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases?
Word finding
How do patients with neurodegenerative language deficits typically experience object knowledge decline?
Gradual decline in object recognition
In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, what is a common issue faced by patients with language deficits related to memory?
Difficulty forming new memories
What distinguishes patients with Alzheimer's disease from those with Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) in terms of cognitive symptoms?
Memory decline and expressive language abilities
What might patients with neurodegenerative language deficits struggle with regarding communication?
Clear speech fluency
What is a key characteristic used to differentiate the Motor Variant of FTD from other movement disorders?
Decreased gait and balance
Which of the following cognitive functions may be impaired in individuals with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)?
Visual-spatial skills
What is a common psychological symptom associated with FTD with Motor Neuron Disease?
Apathy
Which subtype of FTD has at least seven different subtypes on its own?
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Which symptom is particularly worrisome in individuals with the Motor Variant of FTD due to the increased risk of falls?
Balance impairments
What distinguishes FTD with Motor Neuron Disease from other subtypes of Fronto-Temporal Dementia?
Motor neuron degeneration involvement
This quiz covers the diagnostic criteria for mild neurocognitive disorder, including evidence of modest cognitive decline in various cognitive domains and impairment in cognitive performance. It discusses the importance of concerns from individuals or informants and the role of standardized neuropsychological testing in assessment.
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