Milady Workbook Flashcards: Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

A term used to encompass the broad range of specialty areas including hairstyling, nail technology, and esthetics is:

  • Esthetics
  • Nail Technology
  • Cosmetology (correct)
  • Makeup Artistry

    • Define cosmetology.

    The art and science of beautification and improving the skin, nails, and hair, and the study of cosmetics and their application.

    Greek word cosmetology was derived from?

    Kosmetikos

    What does Kosmetikos mean?

    <p>Skilled in the use of cosmetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural products did ancient people use for color mattering and tattooing?

    <p>Berries, tree bark, minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did many African American tribes color their hair with?

    <p>Red earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first civilized culture to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion?

    <p>Egyptians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the Egyptians use cosmetics?

    <p>Personal beautification, religious ceremonies, preparation for burial of the deceased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As early as 2630 BC, Egyptians did not use _________ to create makeup.

    <p>Bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ancient queen who used custom blended essential oils and signature scents?

    <p>Nefertiti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Egyptian queen had a personal cosmetic factory?

    <p>Cleopatra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In both ancient Egypt and Rome, military commanders stained their nails and lips in matching colors before important battles.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Chinese aristocrats rub on their nails to color them crimson or ebony?

    <p>Tinted mixture of gum Arabic, gelatin, beeswax, and egg whites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Chou dynasty, what might have happened to commoners caught wearing a royal nail color?

    <p>Punishment of death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the royal colors in the Chou dynasty?

    <p>Gold and silver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 500 BC during the Golden Age of _____, hairstyling became a highly developed art.

    <p>Greece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Greek women applied preparations of _____ onto their faces, _____ on their eyes, and _____ on their cheeks and lips.

    <p>White lead = Kohl Kohl = White lead Vermilion = White lead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Greeks create the red pigment vermilion?

    <p>Grinding cinnabar to a fine powder and mixing it with ointment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Rome, women used hair color to indicate their class in society: Noble women wore?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Rome, women used hair color to indicate their class in society: Middle class women wore?

    <p>Blond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Rome, women used hair color to indicate their class in society: Poor women wore?

    <p>Black</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facials made of milk and bread, fine wine, cork with flour and milk, or flour and fresh butter were popular with the?

    <p>Romans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Middle Ages, what part of the face did women not wear colored makeup?

    <p>Lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique was refined by a physician during the Middle Ages?

    <p>Steam distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beauty culture in the Middle Ages is evidenced by sculptures, _______, and other artifacts.

    <p>Tapestries = Pottery Frescoes = Tapestries Mosaics = Carvings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was discouraged during the Renaissance?

    <p>Highly colored preparations of the lips, cheeks, and eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Renaissance, women shaved their eyebrows and hairlines to appear more?

    <p>Intelligent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Victorian age, what did women use to preserve the health and beauty of the skin?

    <p>Beauty masks made of honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, and natural ingredients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Victorian women do to induce natural color rather than use cosmetics?

    <p>Bite their lips and pinch their cheeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two major developments that occurred in the early 20th century that changed America's ideas about beauty?

    <p>1.) Invention of motion pictures 2.) Spread of industrialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was Max Factor's makeup popular with movie stars?

    <p>It wouldn't cake or crack under the harsh set lights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented a heavily wired machine that supplied electrical current to metal rods around which hair strands were wrapped?

    <p>Charles Nessler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method was most appropriate for use on long hair during the waving process?

    <p>Spiral wrapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Achievements attained by Sarah Breedlove?

    <p>1.) Organized one of the first national meetings for businesswomen in the United States 2.) Pioneered the modern African-American hair care and cosmetic industry 3.) Devised sophisticated sales and marketing strategies for her hair care products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the curling iron?

    <p>Marcel Grateau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advertisements were initially considered improper by many women's magazines in the early 1920s?

    <p>Cosmetic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Charles Robinson borrowed formulas from what industry to develop his nail polish?

    <p>The automobile paint industry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two movie stars made nail polish popular in the 1930s?

    <p>Jean Harlow and Gloria Swanson.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was introduced in 1932 by the company Clairol?

    <p>The first permanent hair color product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Today's alkaline perms are modern versions of what method of permanent waving developed in 1941?

    <p>Cold waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A term used today that refers to the variety of permanent waving and straightening services available for various types of hair and conditions is called _______ services.

    <p>Texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stylist shook the beauty world in the 1960s with his geometric cuts?

    <p>Vidal Sassoon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the 1970s, there was a new era in highlighting when French hairdressers introduced the art of hair weaving using?

    <p>Aluminum foil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the use of beauty products during the 1980s?

    <p>Heavy on the eyeshadow and blush.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 21st century is currently considered the age of ______ in the beauty industry.

    <p>Specialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event was held for the first time in 1989 with only five categories for awards?

    <p>North American Hairstyling Awards (NAHA).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Since the late 1980s, the salon industry has evolved to include ______, a term first coined by Noel DiCaprio.

    <p>Day spas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to attending school, a cosmetologist must be ____ to work as a professional.

    <p>Licensed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    11 areas you may specialize in within the professional industry.

    <p>1.) Hair color 2.) Texture 3.) Hair cutting 4.) Salon trainer 5.) Distributor sales consultant 6.) Manufacturer educator 7.) Artistic director 8.) Education director 9.) Cosmetology instructor 10.) Film, theatrical or editorial stylist 11.) Creative director.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is a good idea for haircutting specialists to ______ with other reputable ______ as a way of perfecting their techniques.

    <p>Study, haircutters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The salon industry relies heavily on its relationships with ______ in order to stay abreast of what is occurring in the marketplace.

    <p>Product distributors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Having a strong public speaking ability is important for what beauty profession?

    <p>Manufacturer educator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some required skills of a salon manager?

    <p>Assuming duties of inventory manager, department head, educator, special event manager, assistant manager in a general manager. Must be good with math and accounting and well with documents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salon business can typically withstand recessions better than other industries.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cosmetology Overview

    • Encompasses hairstyling, nail technology, and esthetics.
    • Defined as the art and science of beautification involving skin, nails, and hair.

    Historical Roots

    • The term "cosmetology" is derived from the Greek word "Kosmetikos," meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics.
    • Ancient civilizations utilized natural products like berries, minerals, and herbs for cosmetic purposes.

    Ancient Cultures

    • Egyptians were the first to cultivate beauty extravagantly, using cosmetics for beautification and religious ceremonies.
    • Notable figures like Nefertiti and Cleopatra were known for their use of custom essential oils and having personal cosmetic factories, respectively.

    Cosmetic Practices Across Civilizations

    • Chinese aristocrats colored their nails with a tinted mixture; commoners faced severe punishment for imitating royal colors.
    • In ancient Rome, hair color indicated social class: red for noblewomen, blond for middle class, and black for the poor.

    Middle Ages to Renaissance

    • During the Middle Ages, women rarely wore colored makeup on their lips.
    • Steam distillation was refined, and artistic representations of beauty culture appeared in tapestries.
    • The Renaissance discouraged highly colored makeup, promoting a natural appearance.

    Victorian Era Innovations

    • Women used beauty masks made from natural ingredients and created natural color on cheeks and lips through physical means.

    20th Century Developments

    • The invention of motion pictures and industrialization dramatically influenced American beauty concepts.
    • Max Factor's makeup gained popularity for its durability under studio lights.
    • Innovations included Charles Nessler's electric hair curling machine and Marcel Grateau's curling iron.
    • The early 20th century saw significant changes, including the rise of cosmetic advertisements and nail polish popularity among movie stars.
    • Clairol introduced the first permanent hair color in 1932, and techniques like cold waving emerged.
    • The 21st century is characterized as the age of specialization, with careers and skills diversifying in the beauty industry.

    Professional Development and Skills

    • A cosmetologist must be licensed to practice professionally.
    • Specializations within the industry include areas like hair color, cutting, education, and creative direction.
    • Strong relationships with product distributors are crucial for salons to keep up with marketplace trends.

    Important Skillsets

    • Key skills for salon managers include good math, accounting, and document management.
    • Public speaking is essential for roles like manufacturer editor and as directors in educational settings.

    Resilience in Business

    • The salon industry is relatively resilient and can better withstand economic recessions compared to other sectors.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering Chapter 1 of the Milady Workbook. This quiz focuses on key cosmetology terms and definitions, ideal for students striving to understand the foundational concepts of beauty and esthetics. Perfect for exam preparation or revision.

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