Milady Standard Esthetics Chapter 3 Quiz & Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are apocrine glands?

Glands that secrete oil

Glands that produce melanin

Glands found only on the hands

Glands that secrete sweat attached to hair follicles in specific areas (correct)

What is the role of the arrector pili muscle?

Causes goose bumps when it contracts.

What is the barrier function of the skin?

Protective barrier of the epidermis.

What are bilayers?

Thin polar membranes made of two layers of lipid molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What are ceramides?

Glycolipid materials that are part of skin's intercellular matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What is collagen?

Fibrous connective tissue made from protein. Signup and view all the answers

What does couperose refer to?

Redness of the skin due to damaged capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

What are corneocytes?

Hardened, waterproof, protective keratinocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What are dermal papillae?

Membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the dermis?

The inner layer of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What are desmosomes?

Structures that assist in holding cells together. Signup and view all the answers

What are eccrine glands?

Sweat glands found all over the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is elastin?

Protein fiber that gives skin its elasticity. Signup and view all the answers

What does epidermal growth factor do?

Stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the epidermis?

The outermost layer of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

The outermost layer of the epidermis is called the ______.

stratum corneum Signup and view all the answers

What type of melanin is eumelanin?

Dark brown to black in color. Signup and view all the answers

What are fibroblasts?

Cells that stimulate collagen production. Signup and view all the answers

What are follicles in the context of skin?

Tube-like openings for hair and sebaceous glands. Signup and view all the answers

What is glycation?

Binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule. Signup and view all the answers

What are glycosaminoglycans?

Large protein molecules that support collagen and elastin. Signup and view all the answers

What are hair papillae?

Cone-shaped elevations that fit into the hair bulb. Signup and view all the answers

What is high-energy visible light?

Light that penetrates the skin more deeply than UV rays. Signup and view all the answers

What is hyaluronic acid?

Hydrating fluid with water-binding properties. Signup and view all the answers

What is hydrolipidic?

An oil-water balance that protects the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the intercellular matrix?

Lipid substances between corneum cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is keratin?

Fibrous protein that is a principal component of hair, skin, and nails. Signup and view all the answers

What are keratinocytes?

Epidermal cells composed of keratin and lipids. Signup and view all the answers

What are Langerhans immune cells?

Guard cells of the immune system. Signup and view all the answers

What are lamellar granules?

Organelles secreted from keratinocytes that form a lipid-containing membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What are leukocytes?

White blood cells that digest and kill bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What are lymph vessels?

Vessels located in the dermis that supply nourishment. Signup and view all the answers

What is melanin?

Pigment produced by melanocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What are melanocytes?

Cells that produce skin pigment granules. Signup and view all the answers

What are melanosomes?

Pigment-carrying granules that produce melanin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the papillary layer?

The top layer of the dermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is pheomelanin?

A type of melanin that is red and yellow in color. Signup and view all the answers

What are pores?

Tube-like openings for sweat glands. Signup and view all the answers

What is the reticular layer?

Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies skin with nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What are the aspects of the reticular layer?

Fat cells, blood vessels, and nerve endings. Signup and view all the answers

What is rosacea?

A chronic condition characterized by redness. Signup and view all the answers

What are sebaceous glands?

Glands that provide protection to the skin's surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is sebum?

Oil that lubricates skin and hair. Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum corneum?

The outermost layer of the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum germinativum?

Active layer of the epidermis where cell mitosis occurs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum granulosum?

Layer of the epidermis composed of keratin-filled cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum lucidum?

Clear layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum spinosum?

Layer above the stratum germinativum containing desmosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the subcutaneous layer?

Fat tissue located beneath the dermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is subcutis tissue?

Fatty tissue found below the dermis. Signup and view all the answers

What are sudoriferous glands?

Glands that excrete perspiration. Signup and view all the answers

What do T cells do?

Identify foreign molecules and regulate immune response. Signup and view all the answers

What is telangiectasia?

Distended blood vessels that cause redness. Signup and view all the answers

What is transepidermal water loss (TEWL)?

Water loss caused by evaporation on the skin's surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is tyrosinase?

The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What is UVA radiation?

Longer wavelengths that penetrate deeper into the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is UVB radiation?

Shorter wavelengths that cause burning and skin damage. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skin Glands and Functions

Apocrine Glands: Coiled structures in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat connected to hair follicles.
Eccrine Glands: Sweat glands located all over the body, opening onto the skin's surface through pores; do not produce offensive odor.
Sebaceous Glands: Appendages connected to hair follicles, secreting sebum to lubricate skin and hair.

Skin Structure and Composition

Epidermis: Outermost layer of the skin consisting of several layers, including the stratum corneum and stratum germinativum.
Dermis: Considered the "true skin" with two main layers: papillary (top layer) and reticular (deeper layer) providing nourishment and strength.
Subcutaneous Layer: Also known as hypodermis/adipose tissue, acts as insulation and energy storage beneath the dermis.

Cellular Elements

Keratinocytes: Main cells in the epidermis, primarily composed of keratin, playing key roles in skin barrier function.
Melanocytes: Cells that produce melanin, which determines skin, hair, and eye color, offering protection against UV radiation.
Fibroblasts: Cells that stimulate collagen and elastin production, crucial for skin firmness and elasticity.

Key Proteins and Compounds

Collagen: Protein in the dermis providing firmness; topically binds water and has various sources, including animal placentas.
Elastin: Fibrous protein that helps skin maintain elasticity.
Ceramides: Glycolipid materials that contribute to the skin’s barrier and hydration.

Skin Conditions

Couperose: Condition characterized by damaged capillaries, leading to redness and visible blood vessels.
Rosacea: Chronic skin condition marked by flushing, visible blood vessels, and in some cases, papules and pustules.

Melanin Types

Eumelanin: Dark brown to black pigment found predominantly in individuals with darker skin.
Pheomelanin: Red and yellow pigment prevalent in individuals with lighter skin tones.

Skin Functions

Barrier Function: The epidermis acts as a protective barrier against irritation and dehydration; it includes structures like desmosomes and the intercellular matrix.
Hydrolipidic Balance: Maintains the oil-water balance that protects the skin's surface.
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL): Refers to water loss due to evaporation, affecting skin hydration.

Immune Response

Langerhans Cells: Immune cells in the epidermis that identify foreign invaders and facilitate their removal through the lymph system.
Leukocytes: White blood cells that help fight infection by digesting harmful bacteria and responding to allergies.

UV Radiation

UVA Radiation: Longer wavelengths (320-400 nm) that penetrate deeply, contributing to skin aging and genetic damage.
UVB Radiation: Shorter wavelengths (290-320 nm) that cause skin burning and contribute significantly to skin cancer risk.

Membranes and Lipid Layers

Bilayers: Thin membranes formed of two layers of lipid molecules, crucial for cell integrity and communication.
Intercellular Matrix: Lipid substances filling spaces between cells to prevent water loss.

Skin Layers Overview

Stratum Corneum: Outermost protective layer, containing dead cells.
Stratum Lucidum: Clear layer found primarily on palms and soles; thick and protective.
Stratum Granulosum: Layer where cells begin to keratinize; responsible for replacing shed cells.
Stratum Spinosum: Contains desmosomes for cell connection; helps in skin strength.
Stratum Germinativum: Active layer where cell mitosis occurs, producing new skin cells.

Additional Terms

Dermal Papillae: Finger-like projections aiding in anchoring the epidermis, full of capillaries for nourishment.
High-Energy Visible Light: Light from electronic devices, penetrating deeply and damaging collagen and elastin.
Hyaluronic Acid: Water-binding agent that keeps skin hydrated.

These notes encapsulate essential terminology, their definitions, and the role of various skin components to support effective learning in esthetics.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the physiology and histology of the skin with flashcards from Milady Standard Esthetics Chapter 3. This quiz covers important terms and definitions related to skin structure and function. Perfect for students and professionals in the esthetics field.

Milady Standard Esthetics Chapter 3