Milady Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is dermatology?

The medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin- its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatments.

What is the largest organ of the body?

Skin

What are the characteristics of healthy skin?

Slightly moist, soft, and flexible with a texture that is smooth and fine-grained.

What do skin appendages include?

Hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands Signup and view all the answers

Which areas have the thickest and thinnest skin?

Eyelids have the thinnest skin, soles have the thickest. Signup and view all the answers

What causes calluses?

Continued pressure that causes thickened areas. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two areas that the skin is divided into?

Dermis and epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the epidermis?

The outermost layer of skin, also called the cuticle. Signup and view all the answers

What is an esthetician?

A specialist in the cleansing, preservation of health, and beautification of the skin and body. Signup and view all the answers

Name the layers of the epidermis.

Basal cell layer (stratum germinativum), stratum granulosum (granular layer), stratum lucidum (transparent layer), stratum corneum (horny layer) Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying or inner layer of skin?

The dermis, or derma, or corium Signup and view all the answers

What are melanocytes?

Special cells that produce dark skin pigment called melanin. Signup and view all the answers

What does the stratum granulosum do?

It is the granular layer that consists of almost dead skin cells that will be pushed to the surface to replace shed skin. Signup and view all the answers

What does the stratum germinativum do?

It is the deepest layer of the epidermis and produces new cells. Signup and view all the answers

What does the stratum lucidum do?

It is the transparent layer just under the skin's surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum corneum?

This is the layer we see when we look at the skin, made of scale-like cells. Signup and view all the answers

What does the dermis do?

It is the true skin under the epidermis, containing blood vessels, nerves, and glands. Signup and view all the answers

What are arrector pili?

The small muscles that work in connection with hair follicles to cause goose bumps. Signup and view all the answers

What is the epidermal junction?

The place where the epidermis and papillary layers are joined. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two levels of the dermis called?

Papillary and reticular Signup and view all the answers

What does the papillary layer do?

It is the topmost layer of the dermis that holds dermal papillae. Signup and view all the answers

What is the reticular layer?

The deeper layer of the skin that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin houses nerve endings that provide sense of touch?

The papillary layer Signup and view all the answers

What is melanin?

Tiny grains of pigmentation deposited into the basal cell layer of the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of melanin?

Pheomelanin (red to yellow) and eumelanin (dark brown to black) Signup and view all the answers

What is collagen?

A fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength. Signup and view all the answers

What is elastin?

A protein base that is similar to collagen and forms elastic tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What are sudoriferous glands?

Sweat glands that extract material from the blood to form sweat. Signup and view all the answers

What are sebaceous glands?

Oil glands that extract material from the blood to create oil. Signup and view all the answers

What do sebaceous glands do?

They excrete sebum, a fatty and oily secretion that lubricates the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is a comedone?

Hardened sebum that clogs the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the skin?

Protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion, secretion, and absorption. Signup and view all the answers

What is retin-a?

Vitamin A, an antioxidant that can prevent cancer and improve skin elasticity. Signup and view all the answers

What part of the body weight is water?

50-70 percent Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dermatology and Skin Overview

Dermatology is the medical branch focused on skin study, including its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatments.
Skin is the body's largest organ, playing essential roles in health and protection.

Characteristics of Healthy Skin

Healthy skin should be slightly moist, soft, flexible, and have a smooth, fine-grained texture.
It possesses slight acidity and demonstrates a good immune response.

Skin Structure and Appendages

Skin appendages consist of hair, nails, and sweat and oil glands.
Thickness of skin varies: eyelids have the thinnest skin, while soles have the thickest.
Skin is divided into two main areas: the dermis and epidermis.

Layers of the Epidermis

Epidermis: The outermost layer, also known as the cuticle, has no blood vessels but contains many nerve endings.
Layers of the epidermis include:
- Basal cell layer (stratum germinativum): Deepest layer, produces new skin cells and contains melanocytes.
- Stratum granulosum: Contains almost dead cells that are pushed to the surface to replace shed skin.
- Stratum lucidum: Transparent layer beneath the surface, composed of small light-permeable cells.
- Stratum corneum: The visible outer layer, comprised of scale-like cells made of keratin.

The Dermis

The dermis, or corium, is the true skin beneath the epidermis, rich in connective tissue and significantly thicker than the epidermis.
Contains vital structures such as blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, sweat glands, oil glands, hair follicles, and arrector pili muscles.
The dermis is divided into two levels:
- Papillary layer: The uppermost layer beneath the epidermis, containing dermal papillae and tactile corpuscles (nerve endings).
- Reticular layer: The deeper layer supplying skin with oxygen and nutrients and housing fat cells, various glands, and vessels.

Key Skin Components

Melanocytes produce melanin, a pigment protecting the skin from UV rays.
Melanin exists in two forms: pheomelanin (red to yellow) and eumelanin (dark brown to black).
Collagen provides the skin with strength and structure; elastin adds elasticity.

Glandular Functions

Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) help in thermoregulation by extracting materials from the blood to form sweat.
Sebaceous glands (oil glands) secrete sebum into hair follicles, which lubricates the skin and maintains hair softness.
Comedones refer to hardened sebum that clogs the skin.

Functions of the Skin

Protection against external harm.
Sensation through nerve receptors.
Heat regulation to maintain body temperature.
Excretion and secretion of various substances.
Absorption of substances through the skin.

Additional Notes

Retin-A is a topical form of Vitamin A, known for its antioxidant properties and potential to prevent cancer and improve skin elasticity and thickness.
Water constitutes 50-70 percent of body weight, crucial for overall health.

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Description

Test your knowledge on chapter 7 of Milady's curriculum, focusing on dermatology and the skin. This set of flashcards covers essential terms, definitions, and characteristics of healthy skin and its functions. Perfect for students in the beauty and wellness fields.