Questions and Answers
Why is a study of anatomy, physiology, and histology important to a cosmetologist?
It is important because as a cosmetologist you need to recognize any diseases on the human body so you can detect them before performing a service.
Define anatomy, physiology, and histology.
Anatomy is the study of human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye; physiology is the study of functions and activities performed by body structures; histology is the study of tiny structures found in living tissue.
Name and describe the basic structures of a cell.
Protoplasm is a colorless jelly-like substance found in cells which forms elements such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; the nucleus is the dense active protoplasm found at the center of a cell; the cell membrane is the part that encloses the protoplasm; cytoplasm is the watery fluid cells need for growth.
Explain cell metabolism and its purpose.
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List and describe the functions of the four types of tissue found in the human body.
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What are organs?
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List and describe the functions of the nine major organs found in the body.
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Name the 11 train body systems and their functions.
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List the primary functions of the skeletal system.
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Name and describe the three types of muscular tissue found in the body.
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Name and describe the types of nerves found in the body and how they react.
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Name and briefly describe the types of blood vessels found.
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List and describe the composition of blood.
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Name and discuss the two main types of glands found in the human body.
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List the organs of the excretory system and their functions.
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Study Notes
Importance of Anatomy, Physiology, and Histology
- Recognizing diseases on the body is essential for cosmetologists to ensure safe services.
Definitions
- Anatomy: Study of human body structures visible to the naked eye.
- Physiology: Study of functions and activities performed by body structures.
- Histology: Study of microscopic structures in living tissues.
Basic Structures of a Cell
- Protoplasm: Colorless, jelly-like substance forming proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
- Nucleus: Dense protoplasm at the center, controlling cellular activities.
- Cell Membrane: Encloses the protoplasm, maintaining cell integrity.
- Cytoplasm: Watery fluid within cells necessary for growth and function.
Cell Metabolism
- Refers to chemical processes in living organisms for nourishment and activity.
Types of Tissue and Their Functions
- Connective Tissue: Binds, protects, and supports body parts.
- Epithelial Tissue: Acts as a protective covering on surfaces, including skin.
- Muscle Tissue: Facilitates movement of body parts.
- Nerve Tissue: Carries messages and signals to the brain.
Organs
- Composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions.
Major Organs and Their Functions
- Brain: Controls body functions.
- Eyes: Responsible for vision.
- Heart: Circulates blood throughout the body.
- Kidneys: Excretes waste and water.
- Lungs: Supplies oxygen to blood.
- Liver: Removes waste from digestion.
- Skin: Protects body and acts as a barrier.
- Stomach and Intestines: Digest food.
Body Systems and Their Functions
- Circulatory System: Maintains blood circulation.
- Digestive System: Breaks down food into nutrients.
- Endocrine System: Regulates growth, development, and health.
- Excretory System: Purifies the body by eliminating waste.
- Integumentary System: Protects body and regulates temperature.
- Lymphatic/Immune System: Protects against diseases.
- Muscular System: Provides structure and facilitates movement.
- Nervous System: Coordinates all body systems.
- Reproductive System: Produces offspring.
- Respiratory System: Enables breathing and gas exchange.
- Skeletal System: Provides physical support and structure.
Functions of the Skeletal System
- Gives body shape, protects organs, serves as muscle attachment points, and acts as levers for movement.
Types of Muscular Tissue
- Striated Muscle: Voluntary muscles attached to bones.
- Non-Striated Muscle: Involuntary muscles operating automatically.
- Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary muscle found in the heart.
Types of Nerves and Their Functions
- Ophthalmic Nerves: Provide impulses to forehead skin.
- Mandibular Nerves: Affect chin, lower lip, and external ear muscles.
- Maxillary Nerves: Supply impulses to the upper face.
Types of Blood Vessels
- Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
- Arterioles: Small arteries delivering blood to capillaries.
- Capillaries: Exchange nutrients and waste between blood and cells.
- Venules: Collect blood from capillaries.
- Veins: Return waste-laden blood to the heart and lungs.
Composition of Blood
- Red Blood Cells: Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- White Blood Cells: Combat disease-causing agents.
- Platelets: Aid in the blood clotting process.
- Plasma: Carries nutrients and removes carbon dioxide.
Types of Glands
- Endocrine Glands: Release hormones directly into the bloodstream.
- Exocrine Glands: Produce substances traveling through ducts.
Organs of the Excretory System and Their Functions
- Kidneys: Excrete urine.
- Liver: Discharges toxins.
- Skin: Eliminates waste via perspiration.
- Large Intestine: Eliminates undigested food.
- Lungs: Exhale carbon dioxide.
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Description
Test your knowledge on anatomy, physiology, and histology as they relate to cosmetology with these review questions. Understanding these concepts is crucial for recognizing diseases and ensuring safe cosmetology practices. Prepare yourself for real-world applications in this essential chapter.