Milady Chapter 8 Review Questions Quiz & Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Why is a study of anatomy, physiology, and histology important to a cosmetologist?

It is important because as a cosmetologist you need to recognize any diseases on the human body so you can detect them before performing a service.

Define anatomy, physiology, and histology.

Anatomy is the study of human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye; physiology is the study of functions and activities performed by body structures; histology is the study of tiny structures found in living tissue.

Name and describe the basic structures of a cell.

Protoplasm is a colorless jelly-like substance found in cells which forms elements such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; the nucleus is the dense active protoplasm found at the center of a cell; the cell membrane is the part that encloses the protoplasm; cytoplasm is the watery fluid cells need for growth.

Explain cell metabolism and its purpose.

Cell metabolism is the chemical process that takes place in living organisms where cells are nourished and carry out their activities. Signup and view all the answers

List and describe the functions of the four types of tissue found in the human body.

Connective tissue binds together, protects, and supports body parts; epithelial tissue is a protective covering on body surfaces; muscle tissue moves various body parts; nerve tissue carries messages to the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What are organs?

Organs are structures composed of specialized tissue designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals. Signup and view all the answers

List and describe the functions of the nine major organs found in the body.

<ol> <li>Brain - controls the body; 2) Eyes - controls the body's vision; 3) Heart - circulates the blood; 4) Kidneys - excretes water and waste products; 5) Lungs - supply oxygen to the blood; 6) Liver - removes waste created by digestion; 7) Skin - covers the body and is an internal protective coating; 8) Stomach - digests food along with intestines; 9) Intestines - digests food along with the stomach.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Name the 11 train body systems and their functions.

<ol> <li>Circulatory - controls steady circulation of the blood throughout the body; 2) Digestive - breaks down food into nutrients and wastes; 3) Endocrine - affects growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body; 4) Excretory - purifies the body by eliminating all matter; 5) Integumentary - serves as a protective coating and helps regulate body temperature; 6) Lymphatic/immune - protects the body from disease; 7) Muscular - covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system; 8) Nervous - controls and coordinates all other systems; 9) Reproductive - produces offspring; 10) Respiratory - enables breathing and supplies blood with oxygen; 11) Skeletal - forms physical foundation.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

List the primary functions of the skeletal system.

It gives shape to the body, protects various internal structures and organs, serves as attachments for muscles, and acts as levers. Signup and view all the answers

Name and describe the three types of muscular tissue found in the body.

<ol> <li>Striated - muscles attached to bones and are voluntary; 2) Non-striated - involuntary muscles that function automatically; 3) Cardiac - involuntary muscle of the heart.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Name and describe the types of nerves found in the body and how they react.

Ophthalmic - supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead; Mandibular - affects the muscles of the chin, lower lip, and external ear; Maxillary - supplies impulses to the upper part of the face. Signup and view all the answers

Name and briefly describe the types of blood vessels found.

Arteries - carry oxygenated blood away from the heart; Arterioles - small arteries delivering blood to capillaries; Capillaries - bring nutrients to cells and carry away waste; Venules - collect blood from capillaries into veins; Veins - carry blood containing waste back to the heart and lungs for cleaning. Signup and view all the answers

List and describe the composition of blood.

Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the body and transport carbon dioxide back; White blood cells destroy disease-causing toxins and bacteria; Platelets contribute to blood clotting; Plasma carries food and other useful substances to cells and removes carbon dioxide. Signup and view all the answers

Name and discuss the two main types of glands found in the human body.

<ol> <li>Endocrine glands release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream; 2) Exocrine glands produce substances that travel through small tube-like ducts.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

List the organs of the excretory system and their functions.

Kidneys excrete urine (water and waste products); liver discharges toxins produced during digestion; skin eliminates waste through perspiration; large intestine eliminates decomposed and undigested food; lungs exhale carbon dioxide. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Importance of Anatomy, Physiology, and Histology

Recognizing diseases on the body is essential for cosmetologists to ensure safe services.

Definitions

Anatomy: Study of human body structures visible to the naked eye.
Physiology: Study of functions and activities performed by body structures.
Histology: Study of microscopic structures in living tissues.

Basic Structures of a Cell

Protoplasm: Colorless, jelly-like substance forming proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
Nucleus: Dense protoplasm at the center, controlling cellular activities.
Cell Membrane: Encloses the protoplasm, maintaining cell integrity.
Cytoplasm: Watery fluid within cells necessary for growth and function.

Cell Metabolism

Refers to chemical processes in living organisms for nourishment and activity.

Types of Tissue and Their Functions

Connective Tissue: Binds, protects, and supports body parts.
Epithelial Tissue: Acts as a protective covering on surfaces, including skin.
Muscle Tissue: Facilitates movement of body parts.
Nerve Tissue: Carries messages and signals to the brain.

Organs

Composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions.

Major Organs and Their Functions

Brain: Controls body functions.
Eyes: Responsible for vision.
Heart: Circulates blood throughout the body.
Kidneys: Excretes waste and water.
Lungs: Supplies oxygen to blood.
Liver: Removes waste from digestion.
Skin: Protects body and acts as a barrier.
Stomach and Intestines: Digest food.

Body Systems and Their Functions

Circulatory System: Maintains blood circulation.
Digestive System: Breaks down food into nutrients.
Endocrine System: Regulates growth, development, and health.
Excretory System: Purifies the body by eliminating waste.
Integumentary System: Protects body and regulates temperature.
Lymphatic/Immune System: Protects against diseases.
Muscular System: Provides structure and facilitates movement.
Nervous System: Coordinates all body systems.
Reproductive System: Produces offspring.
Respiratory System: Enables breathing and gas exchange.
Skeletal System: Provides physical support and structure.

Functions of the Skeletal System

Gives body shape, protects organs, serves as muscle attachment points, and acts as levers for movement.

Types of Muscular Tissue

Striated Muscle: Voluntary muscles attached to bones.
Non-Striated Muscle: Involuntary muscles operating automatically.
Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary muscle found in the heart.

Types of Nerves and Their Functions

Ophthalmic Nerves: Provide impulses to forehead skin.
Mandibular Nerves: Affect chin, lower lip, and external ear muscles.
Maxillary Nerves: Supply impulses to the upper face.

Types of Blood Vessels

Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Arterioles: Small arteries delivering blood to capillaries.
Capillaries: Exchange nutrients and waste between blood and cells.
Venules: Collect blood from capillaries.
Veins: Return waste-laden blood to the heart and lungs.

Composition of Blood

Red Blood Cells: Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
White Blood Cells: Combat disease-causing agents.
Platelets: Aid in the blood clotting process.
Plasma: Carries nutrients and removes carbon dioxide.

Types of Glands

Endocrine Glands: Release hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Exocrine Glands: Produce substances traveling through ducts.

Organs of the Excretory System and Their Functions

Kidneys: Excrete urine.
Liver: Discharges toxins.
Skin: Eliminates waste via perspiration.
Large Intestine: Eliminates undigested food.
Lungs: Exhale carbon dioxide.

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Description

Test your knowledge on anatomy, physiology, and histology as they relate to cosmetology with these review questions. Understanding these concepts is crucial for recognizing diseases and ensuring safe cosmetology practices. Prepare yourself for real-world applications in this essential chapter.