Milady Chapter 19 Wigs & Hair Additions
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Questions and Answers

What did the ancient Egyptians use to shave their heads and why did they do it?

Bronze razors, to wear heavy black wigs to protect themselves from the sun.

In ancient Rome, what did the women wear?

Wigs made from the prized blond hair of barbarians captured from the north.

What were wigs called that men wore in eighteenth-century England to indicate that they were in the army or navy or engaged in the practice of law?

Perukes.

What is the fastest way to tell if a strand of hair is a synthetic product or real human hair?

<p>Burn a strand with a match.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of human hair?

<p>More realistic, greater durability, and same styling and maintenance requirements as natural hair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the disadvantages of human hair?

<p>It reacts to the climate the same way that natural hair does, after shampooing the hair has to be reset, the color will oxidize, and it will break and split if mistreated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of synthetic hair?

<p>They have greatly improved, it is a great value, they are already cut, colored and textured, colors are limitless, and the colors will not fade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the disadvantages of synthetic hair?

<p>It cannot be exposed to extreme heat, traditional hair color will not work on them, sometimes it's too shiny and may not look natural.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bottom line when looking at the pros and cons for both human hair and synthetic hair?

<p>You get what you pay for.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The more expensive wigs, hairpieces, and extensions are made of what?

<p>Human hair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hair is at the top of the line?

<p>European hair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most costly human hair?

<p>Virgin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second costliest human hair?

<p>Color treated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two regions that provide most of the human hair commercially?

<p>India and Asia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indian hair is usually available in what lengths?

<p>From 12 inches to 16 inches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asian hair is usually available in what lengths?

<p>From 12 inches to 28 inches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In human and animal mixtures, what type of animal hair is used?

<p>Angora, horse, Yak, or Sheep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

AKA: Remi hair, is hair in which the root end of every single strand is sewn into the base. What is this called?

<p>Turned hair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hair that has been shed from the head and gathered from a hairbrush, as opposed to hair that has been cut?

<p>Fallen hair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is an artificial covering for the head consisting of a network of interwoven hair?

<p>Wig.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A hair addition that does not fully cover the head is called what?

<p>Hairpiece.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are constructed with an elasticized, mesh-fiber base to which the hair is attached?

<p>Cap wigs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Long strips of hair with a threaded edge used to make capless wigs are called what?

<p>Wefts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

AKA caps, are machine-made from human or artificial hair. What are they called?

<p>Capless wigs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

AKA: hand-knotted wigs, made by inserting individual strands of hair into mesh foundations and knotting them are called what?

<p>Hand-tied wigs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Constructed with a combination of synthetic hair and hand-tied human hair; reasonable price, offer natural appearance and good durability. What are these wigs called?

<p>Semi-hand-tied wigs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The least expensive option are made by feeding wefts through a sewing machine, then stitching them together to form the base and shape of the wig. What are these wigs called?

<p>Machine-made wigs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the direction in which you style the hair on a wig?

<p>The artificial growth patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most flexible and versatile of all wig patterns?

<p>Hand-tied wig.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are custom-made wigs made?

<p>By taking the client's measurements with a soft tape measure and forwarding a copy to the wig dealer or manufacturer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are ready-to-wear fitted to a client's head?

<p>It is adjusted by tightening or loosening the straps or the elastic in the nape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a head-shaped form, usually made of canvas-covered cork or Styrofoam, on which the wig is secured for fitting, coloring, and sometimes styling?

<p>Block.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What size blocks are available?

<p>20 to 22 inches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are blocks best attached to your work area?

<p>With a swivel clamp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is generally your goal when cutting a wig?

<p>To make the hair look more realistic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you always do when using free-form cutting?

<p>You always work toward the weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you check for balance and proportion after cutting a wig?

<p>Have the client stand up and walk around.</p> Signup and view all the answers

All synthetic hair colors used for wigs and hairpieces are standardized according to what?

<p>The 70 colors on the hair color ring used by wig and hairpiece manufacturers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

You cannot perm hair that has been colored with metallic dye. True or False?

<p>True.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where and when did women wear towering hairdos?

<p>Eighteenth century France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How high were some of the hairdos from eighteenth-century France?

<p>3 feet high.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sits on top of the client's head, covering a portion of it, or clips onto another area like the nape?

<p>Hairpieces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ancient Wigs and Hair Practices

  • Ancient Egyptians used bronze razors to shave their heads for comfort and to wear heavy black wigs, which protected them from the sun.
  • Roman women commonly wore wigs made from the prized blonde hair of captured barbarians.

Historical Wig Terminology

  • Eighteenth-century English men wore wigs called perukes to signify service in the army, navy, or law.

Hair Origin and Characteristics

  • Synthetic hair can be tested by burning; real hair burns slowly and smells like burnt protein.
  • Human hair advantages include realism, durability, and similar maintenance to natural hair; disadvantages involve climate reaction, color oxidation, and potential damage from improper care.
  • Synthetic hair has improved significantly, offering great value, diverse colors that do not fade, but cannot withstand extreme heat and may look overly shiny.

Hair Types and Sources

  • High-quality wigs, hairpieces, and extensions are typically made from human hair; the most expensive types are European and virgin hair, while color-treated hair is the second-most costly.
  • Major sources of commercially available human hair are India and Asia; Indian hair comes in lengths of 12 to 16 inches, while Asian hair ranges from 12 to 28 inches.
  • Animal hair used in mixtures includes Angora, horse, yak, or sheep.

Types of Wigs and Hair Additions

  • Wigs are artificial coverings for the head; hairpieces cover specific areas rather than the whole head.
  • Cap wigs are made with an elasticized, mesh-fiber base where hair is attached, while capless wigs are constructed from wefts of hair sewn together.
  • Hand-tied wigs are made by knotted individual strands of hair into mesh foundations, providing flexibility and comfort.
  • Semi-hand-tied wigs combine synthetic and hand-tied human hair, balancing cost with a natural appearance.

Wig Construction and Fitting

  • Machine-made wigs are the most affordable, utilizing sewing machines to stitch wefts together.
  • Direction of styling is influenced by artificial growth patterns, and hand-tied wigs are the most versatile.
  • Custom-made wigs are created based on client measurements; ready-to-wear wigs are adjusted to fit using straps or elastic.

Tools and Techniques for Wig Styling

  • Blocks, head-shaped forms for wig fitting, range from 20 to 22 inches and are attached using a swivel clamp.
  • The primary goal when cutting a wig is to ensure a realistic appearance, checking balance and proportion with the client standing.
  • Free-form cutting requires working toward the weight of the wig for the best results.

Hair Color Standards and Limitations

  • Synthetic hair colors for wigs conform to a standardized color ring comprising 70 different shades.
  • Hair colored with metallic dyes cannot be permed due to chemical incompatibility.
  • Towering hairdos were popular among women in eighteenth-century France, sometimes reaching heights of 3 feet.
  • Hairpieces can be clipped onto the client’s head or worn to cover specific areas like the nape.

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Description

Test your knowledge on wigs and hair additions as covered in Milady's Chapter 19. This quiz explores historical uses, styles, and the significance of wigs from ancient civilizations to the 18th century in England. Enhance your understanding of hair trends through the ages.

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