Questions and Answers
What is cosmetology?
When were haircutting and hairstyling practiced in some form, according to archaeological studies?
During the Ice Age
______ were made from berries, tree bark, minerals, insects, herbs, leaves, and other materials.
Pigments
The _________ were the first to cultivate beauty in extravagant fashion.
Signup and view all the answers
What was henna used for?
Signup and view all the answers
Who stained her nails red by dipping them in henna?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Queen Cleopatra build by the Dead Sea?
Signup and view all the answers
Kohl makeup was originally made from a mixture of ground galena, sulfur, and _______.
Signup and view all the answers
During the ______ Dynasty (1600 B.C.) Chinese aristocrats colored their nails using a tinted mixture.
Signup and view all the answers
Throughout the _______ Dynasty (1100 B.C.) gold and silver were the royal colors.
Signup and view all the answers
During the golden age of ______, hairstyling became a highly developed art.
Signup and view all the answers
What is vermillion used for?
Signup and view all the answers
______ women had facials made of milk and bread or fine wine.
Signup and view all the answers
Women in Rome used _____ to indicate their class in society.
Signup and view all the answers
Noblewomen in Rome tinted their hair:
Signup and view all the answers
Middle-class women in Rome tinted their hair:
Signup and view all the answers
Poor women in Rome tinted their hair:
Signup and view all the answers
During the ______ women wore towering hairdresses but not cosmetics on their eyes.
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Avicenna?
Signup and view all the answers
The unusual practice of shaving the eyebrows and hairline occurred during the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Fashions in dress and personal grooming were influenced by the social mores of _______ during the Victorian age.
Signup and view all the answers
During the Victorian Age women used _____________ to preserve the health and beauty of their skin.
Signup and view all the answers
Victorian women are said to have ______ their cheeks to induce a natural color.
Signup and view all the answers
What invention in the early twentieth century gave viewers a look at celebrities?
Signup and view all the answers
Who created and sold makeup to stars that wouldn't cake or crack under studio lights?
Signup and view all the answers
Who invented a heavily wired machine that supplied electrical current for hair styling?
Signup and view all the answers
What wrapping technique was introduced after World War 1?
Signup and view all the answers
__________, also known as Madam C.J. Walker, suffered from a scalp condition that caused her to lose hair.
Signup and view all the answers
Who invented the first curling iron heated by a gas burner?
Signup and view all the answers
During the early 1920's women's magazines deemed cosmetics _______ and refused to print advertisements for them.
Signup and view all the answers
The pre-heat perm method was introduced in _______.
Signup and view all the answers
Who pioneered a method alternative to the machine perm?
Signup and view all the answers
Who marketed the first nail polish in 1932?
Signup and view all the answers
Who introduced the first permanent hair color product in 1932?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Max Factor create in 1935 for actors?
Signup and view all the answers
Who invented the cold wave that used no machines or heat in 1938?
Signup and view all the answers
In _____ scientists developed a way of permanent waving that used waving lotion.
Signup and view all the answers
Who turned the hairstyling world on its ear in the 1960's?
Signup and view all the answers
In the 1970's _______ hairdressers introduced the art of hair weaving using aluminum foil.
Signup and view all the answers
In the _______ makeup went full circle, from barely there to heavily made up.
Signup and view all the answers
What did Creative Nail Design create in 1998?
Signup and view all the answers
Who first coined the name 'day spas' in the late 1980's?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cosmetology Basics
- Cosmetology encompasses hair styling, nail technology, and esthetics.
Historical Perspectives
- Hairstyling practices date back to the Ice Age.
- Evidence shows the use of natural pigments from berries, minerals, and plants for beauty.
- Egyptians pioneered extravagant beauty cultivation and used henna for staining hair and nails.
- Queen Nefertiti is known for her red stained nails and lavish use of makeup.
- Queen Cleopatra established a cosmetics factory near the Dead Sea.
Makeup and Pigments
- Kohl makeup was originally made from ground galena mixed with sulfur and animal fat.
- In the Shang Dynasty, aristocrats used a colored mixture of gum, gelatin, and egg whites to tint nails.
- The Chou Dynasty prohibited commoners from wearing royal nail colors, punishable by death.
Ancient Greece and Rome
- Greece's golden age saw hairstyling as an art, with perfumes used in religious rites.
- Vermillion, a brilliant red pigment, was popular among Greek women for makeup.
- Roman women used milky facials for skincare and colored hair to signify social class:
- Noblewomen opted for red, middle-class women for blond, and poor women for black.
The Middle Ages and Beyond
- During the Middle Ages, women favored intricate hairstyles and focused on lips and cheeks for cosmetics.
- Avicenna, a Persian physician, improved steam distillation around AD 1000.
- The Renaissance era featured unique eyebrow shaving to enhance perceived intelligence.
Victorian Influence
- Queen Victoria's era saw a shift in dress and grooming influenced by social norms.
- Masks made from natural ingredients were popular for skin care.
- Victorian women used techniques like pinching cheeks for natural color.
20th Century Innovations
- Motion pictures showcased celebrities with impeccable beauty standards.
- Max Factor created makeup suitable for filming, preventing caking under lights.
- Charles Nessler invented a steam curling machine for hairstyling.
- The introduction of croquignole wrapping followed World War 1.
Notable Figures
- Madame C.J. Walker gained fame for her hair care products aimed at various scalp conditions.
- Marcel Grateau revolutionized curling irons with gas and electric versions.
Advancements in Beauty Products
- In the 1920s, societal views on cosmetics shifted; initially deemed improper, they became major advertising sources.
- The first pre-heat perm method was introduced in 1931, enhancing curl longevity.
- Ralph L. Evans and Everett G. McDonough developed a chemical heat method for curls in the same era.
- Charles Revson marketed the first modern nail polish in 1932, influenced by automotive paints.
Further Developments
- Lawrence Gelb launched the first permanent hair color product in 1932 with his company Clairol.
- Max Factor's pancake makeup in 1935 offered a natural look for color film.
- Arnold F. Willatt created the cold wave in 1938, a precursor to modern perms.
Major Milestones
- In 1941, scientists invented a permanent wave using waving lotion.
- Vidal Sassoon introduced geometric haircuts in the 1960s, transforming styling norms.
- The 1970s saw French hairdressers popularize hair weaving techniques.
- The 1980s marked a trend shift back to bold makeup styles, with heavy eye effects becoming popular.
Contemporary Developments
- Creative Nail Design launched the first spa pedicure system in 1998.
- The term "day spa" was coined in the late 1980s by beauty legend Noel Decaprio, reflecting evolving salon trends.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the foundational terms of cosmetology with these flashcards from Milady Chapter 1. This quiz covers essential vocabulary, including the history and art of hair styling, nail technology, and esthetics. Perfect for students beginning their journey in beauty school!
