Migration and Philippine History

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary reason for economic migration?

  • Finding better jobs or wages (correct)
  • Reuniting with family members
  • Improving environmental conditions
  • Seeking political asylum

Which of the following describes internal migration?

  • Moving to a different country
  • Relocating to a different region within the same country (correct)
  • Seeking refuge in another state
  • Permanent emigration for work

What factor led to a significant increase in migration to the Middle East in the 1980s?

  • Increased family reunification programs
  • Political stability in the Philippines
  • Skilled job opportunities in healthcare
  • Economic instability during the Marcos regime (correct)

What is a common issue faced by undocumented migrants?

<p>Fearing deportation due to lack of legal status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of migration on Filipino families?

<p>Enhanced social integration in host countries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'brain drain' refer to in the context of migration?

<p>Skilled professionals leaving the country, leading to a loss of talent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant aspect of the Tydings-McDuffie Law (1934)?

<p>It imposed restrictions on Filipino entry to the U.S. while allowing labor recruitment for Hawaii (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes forced migration?

<p>Leaving due to conflict, disasters, or persecution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key rights highlighted in the context of migrant rights according to the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

<p>Freedom from abuse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge do many Filipinos face upon return from migration?

<p>Adequate savings and financial knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Political dynasties are illegal under the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One argument against political dynasties is that they create equal access to public office for all candidates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The existence of political dynasties can facilitate the continuity of social services and infrastructure projects.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Legislation aimed at curbing political dynasties is considered unnecessary by the majority.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Graft and corruption are not significant issues in Philippine governance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Political dynasties are linked to higher poverty rates in areas where they are entrenched.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The horizontal expansion of dynasties can lead to potential conflicts of interest in governance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Voter education is deemed unimportant by advocates of political dynasties.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Office of the Ombudsman is responsible for ensuring that political dynasties do not misuse government resources.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Advocacy groups have no role in the anti-dynasty campaign in the Philippines.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Internal Migration

Moving from one place to another within the same country.

International Migration

Moving from one country to another.

Voluntary Migration

People choose to move, often for better job opportunities or a better quality of life.

Forced Migration

People are forced to leave due to conflict, disasters, or persecution.

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Temporary Migrants (OFWs)

Filipinos who work abroad for a limited time and plan to return.

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Brain Drain

The loss of skilled professionals who leave the country for better opportunities elsewhere.

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Culture Shock

The challenges migrants face when adjusting to a new culture, leading to isolation and stress.

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Remittances

Money sent by migrants to their families in their home country.

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Impact of Migration on the Philippines

The impact of migration on the Philippines, including economic growth, social changes, and challenges.

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Illegal Recruitment

The practice of recruiting workers for jobs abroad, often illegally or with exploitation.

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Political Dynasty

People who hold political power over a period of time, often within the same family.

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Electorate's Right to Choose

The right of citizens to vote and choose their leaders.

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Preservation of Democratic Principles

The idea that preventing dynasties could stop qualified people from holding office.

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Continuity of Programs

The ability of political families to stay in power and maintain their policies for a long time.

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Legality of Dynasties

The argument that dynasties themselves are not illegal, only the way they exercise power.

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Restriction of Opportunities

The claim that dynasties limit opportunities for candidates outside of powerful families.

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Horizontal Expansion of Dynasties

The scenario where powerful families control multiple levels of government.

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Misuse of Resources

The misuse of government resources during elections to benefit dynasties.

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Graft and Corruption

The abuse of public power for personal gain, often by officials.

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Political Dynasties and Poverty

The connection between political dynasties and continued poverty in the Philippines.

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Study Notes

Migration

  • Migration is the movement of people from one place to another, often for long-term or permanent reasons
  • Common reasons include economic (better jobs), social (closer to loved ones), political (escaping conflict), and environmental (fleeing disasters) reasons
  • Two main types: Internal (within a country) and International (to another country)
  • Migration can be voluntary (choice) or forced (conflict, disaster, persecution)

History of Philippine Migration

  • Early Migration: Filipinos worked on trade ships (Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade)
  • Colonial Influence: Filipinos worked in US plantations (Hawaii)
  • Tydings-McDuffie Law (1934): limited US entry but allowed labor recruitment in Hawaii
  • Post-WWII: War brides, veterans, and military personnel migrated to the US
  • Expansion to other countries: Increased migration to Canada, Australia and the Gulf Region during 1960s onwards, Filipinos entered sectors like construction, healthcare, and possibly other sectors
  • Middle East Migration (1980s): Economic instability during Marcos regime led to surge in migration to Middle East

Impact of Migration on the Philippines

  • Brain Drain: Skilled professionals leave, leading to loss of talent
  • Culture Shock: Adjusting to new cultures causes stress and isolation
  • Family Strain: Separation causes emotional issues
  • Migrant Struggles: Facing discrimination, cultural differences, and loneliness
  • Children's Impact: Children experience issues with socialization, academics, and behavior

Causes of Migration (Philippines)

  • Poverty and Limited opportunities
  • Overpopulation
  • Family strain
  • Discrimination and cultural differences
  • Loneliness
  • Issues with job availability

Political Impact

  • Government Response: Government created agencies to manage migration and support workers
  • Political Influence: Remittances reduce reliance on political patronage
  • Political issues potentially affecting migration

Economic Impact

  • Increased income and employment
  • Employment boosts the economy through remittances
  • Foreign Exchange: Remittances improve foreign exchange reserves and investments
  • Illegal Recruitment: Exploitation of workers through unlicensed agencies and corruption
  • Loneliness, Culture Shock: Struggles with isolation and cultural differences, especially in the Middle East
  • Abuse, Safety, and Post-Return issues: Issues like delayed repatriation, lack of savings, and financial knowledge, and economic hardship

Types of Filipino Labor Migrants

  • Permanent Migrants: Move to stay permanently
  • Temporary Migrants (OFWs): Work abroad temporarily, plan to return
  • Undocumented Migrants (TNT): Live and work abroad without legal papers, fearing deportation

Key Human Rights

  • Freedom of movement
  • Right to life and protection
  • Freedom from abuse
  • Freedom of thought
  • Privacy protection
  • Property rights

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