Migration and Health Issues Quiz
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What is a significant health issue faced by refugee and migrant children in underdeveloped countries?

  • Higher incidence of infectious diseases (correct)
  • Increased access to health services
  • Reduced nutritional disorders
  • Improved vaccination rates
  • Which factor contributes to breastfeeding problems among lactating mothers in immigrant families?

  • Stress and malnutrition (correct)
  • Cultural adaptation to new diets
  • Increased sun exposure
  • Breastfeeding aids availability
  • What mental health issues are commonly associated with immigrant children?

  • Reduced anxiety from their experiences
  • High levels of resilience
  • Surprisingly low stress levels
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression (correct)
  • Why is the rate of noncommunicable diseases higher in immigrant children?

    <p>Nutritional disorders and dental problems are common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge may affect the nutrition of immigrant children during their first years in a new country?

    <p>Change in nutritional habits and diet content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the total number of forcibly displaced people worldwide by the end of 2019?

    <p>79.5 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country accepted the highest number of refugees by the end of 2019?

    <p>Turkey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of migration occurs within the borders of a single country?

    <p>Internal migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary economic reason for migration?

    <p>Job opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is seasonal migration typically associated with?

    <p>Temporary work in specific sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of increased migration in urban areas?

    <p>Environmental pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of migration driven by political developments?

    <p>Displacement due to wars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is internal migration further divided into?

    <p>Permanent and temporary migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of immigrants are reported to be women and children according to immigration reports?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following health problems is NOT mentioned as an issue faced by migrant and refugee women?

    <p>Chronic pain disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the increased participation of women in transnational migrations?

    <p>Need for domestic and child care services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mental health problem faced by migrant and refugee women?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common problem faced by refugee and migrant children?

    <p>Labor exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health complication is associated with early marriages among migrant and refugee women?

    <p>Spontaneous abortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of violence is an issue for migrant and refugee women?

    <p>Physical and sexual violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant barrier faced by refugee and migrant women in accessing health and education services?

    <p>Language barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health risk is especially concerning for babies born during migration?

    <p>Increased chance of severe infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health issue is most likely caused by inadequate hygiene conditions during migration?

    <p>Respiratory diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant mental health risk for children migrating to a new country?

    <p>Lack of access to educational resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can financial difficulties impact the health risks faced by immigrant children?

    <p>Inability to afford nutritious food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main problem faced by immigrants and refugees when their housing needs are not met?

    <p>They may live in unhealthy, unsuitable residences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason for employment issues among immigrants and refugees?

    <p>Uncertainties in their immigration status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of social isolation for migrating children?

    <p>Increased likelihood of exclusion and humiliation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the poverty cycle that fuels migration?

    <p>Low income and lack of job opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the vulnerability of migrating children to health risks?

    <p>Limited housing options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diseases are children particularly susceptible to due to migration?

    <p>Vaccine-preventable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can social marginalization affect immigrants and refugees?

    <p>It leads to an increased risk of exclusion from society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which issue significantly complicates the integration of immigrants and refugees?

    <p>Language barriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is access to toys and playgrounds important for migrant children?

    <p>They support emotional and physical well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of cultural incompatibility between societies due to migration?

    <p>Incompatibility and mutual negativities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant outcome of employment challenges faced by immigrants in Turkey?

    <p>Informal employment practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the overall impacts of migration on regions losing population?

    <p>Decrease in employment opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a refugee according to international law?

    <p>A person who fears persecution and cannot return to their home country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes irregular immigrants?

    <p>Persons who enter or exit a country without legal compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivation for immigrants to move to another country?

    <p>To improve their economic and social conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the circumstances of refugees differ from those of immigrants?

    <p>Refugees are forced to leave, while immigrants choose to relocate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is considered a disadvantage based on being forced to leave their country?

    <p>Refugees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category refers to individuals awaiting formal recognition as refugees?

    <p>Pending refugees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason someone would be categorized as an immigrant?

    <p>They are moving to improve their living conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the status of irregular immigrants?

    <p>They entered without complying with immigration laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Disadvantaged Groups: Migrants and Refugees

    • Individuals form disadvantaged groups due to economic situations, gender, ethnic or linguistic origins, religion, or political status.
    • Language, race, religion, economic conditions, etc. may later emerge as factors contributing to disadvantage. Skin color and gender are often inherited characteristics.
    • Examples of disadvantaged groups include immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers, and irregular immigrants.

    Refugee Definition (Geneva Convention 1951)

    • A refugee is someone outside their country of citizenship who cannot or does not want to return because they fear persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion, and these fears are justified.

    Immigrant Definition

    • There's no universally accepted definition of an immigrant across all countries.
    • An immigrant is someone who moves to another country or within their own country to improve their material and social living conditions without coercion by their own will and decision. Economic and social conditions are key factors driving immigration.

    Refugee vs. Immigrant

    • Refugees leave their country involuntarily due to security concerns.
    • Immigrants leave of their own free will to improve their economic or social conditions.

    Irregular Immigrants

    • Irregular immigrants enter or exit a country without conforming to the laws and regulations of that country.
    • This may be due to carelessness, arbitrary reasons, or unfair circumstances.
    • Irregular immigrants lack legal right to stay and violate the laws of the country.

    Asylum Seeker

    • Asylum seekers are individuals seeking international protection as refugees, but their status hasn't yet been formally recognized.

    Global Displacement Statistics (2019)

    • Total forcibly displaced people: ~79.5 million
    • Refugees: ~26 million
    • Internally displaced people: ~45.7 million
    • Asylum seekers: ~4.2 million
    • Turkey hosted ~4 million refugees in 2019.

    Historical Migration

    • Throughout history, people have migrated to achieve better living standards.
    • Migration is an ongoing process, not just a momentary event.

    Immigration Definitions

    • Immigration involves the movement of individuals or groups from one place to another to settle permanently.
    • It also includes geographic movements of people directed to a location with or without a specific target.

    Types of Migration

    • Out-migration: Movement from one country to another.
    • Internal migration: Movement within a country's borders.
    • Internal migrations can be permanent or temporary.

    Internal Migration

    • Continuous migration: People settle permanently, often moving from rural to urban areas.
    • Seasonal migration: Migrations tied to specific seasons, frequently for work in agriculture, tourism, or construction.

    Reasons for Migration

    • Economic reasons: People migrate to areas with better economic opportunities, resources, and job markets. Turkish workers in Germany during the 1960s are an example of this.
    • Political developments: Wars, treaty changes, and shifts in country borders can force people to relocate.
    • Natural disasters: Disasters like floods, earthquakes, and droughts can displace people.
    • Social factors: Factors like education, population growth, and health concerns can motivate people to move. Security concerns (e.g., vendetta, terrorism) also play a role.
    • Urban population density increases.
    • Unplanned urbanization growth.
    • Environmental issues related to inadequate services (pollution).
    • Education systems are affected by migration's impact.
    • Unemployment rates increase in migrated regions.
    • Difficulty in income distribution.
    • Living standards decline for some.
    • Societal incompatibilities increase due to cultural differences.

    Problems Faced by Individuals/Families

    • The most urgent problems are finding shelter (housing) and employment.
    • If shelter needs aren't met, individuals might live in unhealthy or unsuitable accommodations outside of cities.
    • Poverty and lack of job opportunities are direct causes of migration, making the cycle worse.

    Employment Problems in Migrants and Refugees

    • Uncertainties in status often lead to employment issues and unemployment.
    • Immigrant/refugee employment might compete with local populations for the same jobs, which creates shortages.
    • Shared jobs/inability to share jobs creates problems.
    • Limited access to work permits can restrict job opportunities.

    Integration Problem in Migrants/Refugees

    • Socio-economic and cultural differences create clusters, segregation, and polarization.
    • Language barriers hinder communication and adaptation.
    • Individuals face difficulties adapting to social life and working life in their new environment due to the disadvantage they experience.
    • Social marginalization, daily stress, discrimination, threat of deportation impede adaptation.
    • Differences in gender, age, physical condition, class position, and ethnic/religious background can further isolate individuals.
    • Disabled Immigrant/refugees have additional hurdles in accessing housing, education, healthcare, and employment opportunities.

    Female Immigrant Problems

    • According to UN reports, 80% of immigrants are women and children, often of reproductive age.
    • Female immigrants often migrate for work, family-related issues (e.g., sending money home), better elderly care services, and improved women's roles in the workforce.
    • They face economic inequality, human rights violations, difficulties accessing health and education services.
    • They face domestic violence, sexual harassment, and exploitation. They often have trouble navigating divorce and patriarchal structures.

    Health Problems in Women Migrants/Refugees

    • Nutritional disorders
    • Anemia, Malaria, Respiratory Infections, STIs, including HIV/AIDS
    • Early marriages, underage pregnancies, unwanted pregnancies, complications during pregnancy and childbirth.
    • Menstrual irregularities, early menopause (1.4 years earlier).
    • Health issues related to violence (physical and sexual).
    • Complications from existing chronic diseases.
    • High rates of mental health issues like depression and anxiety.
    • Living conditions (shared housing) also cause health concerns.

    Health Problems in Children Migrants/Refugees

    • Pre-migration health issues (malnutrition, preventable diseases).
    • Health risks during the journey (hypothermia, disease exposure, lack of access to care).
    • Health risks in the destination country (lack of toys/playgrounds, frequent relocation, difficulty in accessing education).
    • Social isolation, inability to predict future.
    • Difficulties related to financial issues and xenophobia.
    • Increased risk of infectious diseases in camps, due to overcrowding and lack of medical/sanitation resources.

    Refugee and Migrant Children: Infectious Diseases

    • Infectious diseases are higher than other human populations in refugee camps.
    • Contagion and epidemic spread rapidly due to crowding and poor hygiene within refugee camps.
    • Underdeveloped/less-developed countries face difficulties related to medical supplies, personnel, and equipment, all of which are lacking.

    Nutritional Risks

    • The first years in the destination are full of nutritional risks for children due to changes in dietary habits, cuts in breastfeeding, malnutrition, Vitamin D deficiencies.

    Mental Health Risks

    • Refugee and migrant children experience elevated rates of mental health problems like post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety related to extraordinary situations during migration.

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    Immigrants and Refugees PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores various health and socio-economic challenges faced by migrant and refugee children, particularly in underdeveloped countries. Topics include nutrition, mental health, and the factors influencing migration. Test your knowledge on these critical issues surrounding migration and health.

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