Migration and Capitalism Insights
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant concern regarding wages paid by corporations in developing countries?

  • They can lead to a decrease in local employment.
  • They may be significantly lower than living wages. (correct)
  • They contribute to global economic equality.
  • They always pay higher than local market rates.

How do Acumen, Grameen, and Novogratz differ from traditional capitalist practices?

  • They prioritize high profits over social needs.
  • They focus on quick returns on investments.
  • They promote scalable and sustainable poverty alleviation. (correct)
  • They do not invest in local communities.

What is one reason people migrate from their homeland according to the content?

  • Pursuing better economic opportunities. (correct)
  • Interest in cultural integration.
  • Desire for better recreational options.
  • Seeking social justice activism.

Which of the following describes the approach of Grameen regarding investments?

<p>They provide both financial and cultural capital. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criticism has Warren Buffet made regarding the U.S. tax code?

<p>It unfairly favors wealthy individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Robin Hood' tax that Gates discussed at the G20 meetings?

<p>A proposed tax on financial transactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason mentioned for migration?

<p>Seeking better government education. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of capitalist approach do Acumen, Grameen, and Novogratz share?

<p>Reinvestment of profits into community development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary factors push migrants out of their homelands?

<p>Political, economic, and social insecurities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact can waves of migration have on host countries?

<p>They can create temporary pressures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes refugees from asylum seekers?

<p>Refugees have already crossed borders, while asylum seekers are seeking permission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges do many refugees face in host countries?

<p>Corruption and social insecurity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence the treatment of refugees in host countries?

<p>Shared physical, ethnic, and religious characteristics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of refugees may live in camps for an extended duration?

<p>Over 1 million refugees live in camps for more than 10 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can trigger discriminatory behavior among citizens in a host country?

<p>Perceived economic threat from high immigration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of displaced persons were uprooted due to conflict or persecution between 2000 and 2009?

<p>Over 42 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a significant challenge regarding the enforcement of international law in Burma?

<p>China's support for the government hinders progress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mission of the Global Compact?

<p>To encourage ethical business practices and social responsibility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role has the legacy of colonialism played in the context of global capitalism?

<p>It has empowered core societies while weakening others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many corporate members are currently involved in the Global Compact?

<p>6,000 members from 135 countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the standards included in the Global Compact?

<p>Tax evasion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has significantly affected the ability of states to manage citizen welfare in a globalized system?

<p>Competing interests of global elites. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of corporate responsibility according to the content?

<p>It can significantly mitigate risks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What practices have had little impact on the Burmese government's actions?

<p>Sanctions imposed by the international community. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has prompted a modification in intellectual property and patent rights?

<p>Development of global political systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following issues is commonly faced by poor states?

<p>Insufficient food nutrition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is acknowledged as a responsibility of the global community according to certain treaties?

<p>To ensure minimal quality of life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has inequality evolved in societies during capitalist expansion?

<p>It has grown notably (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do cities play in the context of globalization?

<p>They are central to globalization processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might determine whether capitalism will endure according to promises made by global forums?

<p>Quality of life improvements for the BOP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of institutional failures in society as mentioned?

<p>Poor management of basic services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted by treaties regarding powerful global actors?

<p>They have a corporate responsibility to humanity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor in shaping the cities along the Silk Road?

<p>The influence of various empires and kingdoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of Athens's city design reflects its cultural values?

<p>Radial pattern of houses around the agora (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change occurred in city life and structure due to industrialization?

<p>Growth in urban population and economic change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of well-kept public areas in contemporary cities typically suggest?

<p>Strong community engagement and pride (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was unique about the design of Ancient Rome's city centers as it evolved?

<p>Grand structures reflecting the power of the state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of cities reflects their historical-cultural narratives?

<p>Diversity in the types and styles of buildings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which city was noted as the world’s largest city at the turn of the 19th century?

<p>London (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What message might a city with rich, well-maintained public spaces send?

<p>Strong civic responsibility and communal values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which city ranked highest in the Global Cities Index 2010?

<p>Tokyo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is primarily obscured in composite scores like the Global Cities Index?

<p>Qualitative differences among criteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which city is ranked first in the Global Power City Index 2010?

<p>New York (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding urbanization, what is projected to happen by 2050?

<p>70% of the Earth’s population will live in cities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which index ranks cities based on GNP and population rather than composite scores?

<p>Global Cities Index (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major consequence of rapid urbanization in developing nations?

<p>More effective delivery of goods and services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which city ranked first in the Global Economic Power Index?

<p>Tokyo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Global Power City Index differ from the Global Economic Power Index in terms of ranking?

<p>The Global Power City Index ranks by soft power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acumen

An organization that invests in locally-owned enterprises in developing countries, focusing on sustainable poverty alleviation.

Novogratz Approach

A strategy that combines social need with a drive for success, aiming to create sustainable businesses that benefit both the company and the community it serves.

Grameen Model

A model that prioritizes helping people help themselves. It involves providing financial and cultural support to individuals, enabling them to achieve self-sufficiency.

Ethical Capitalism

The idea that global businesses should strive for reasonable profits while also working to alleviate suffering and improve conditions in developing countries.

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Economic Migration

Motivated by a desire for improved economic opportunities, individuals leave their home countries to seek better prospects in other nations.

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Persecution Migration

Forced displacement from one's home country due to persecution based on ethnicity, religion, political beliefs, or sexual orientation.

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Environmental or Conflict Migration

Migration stemming from environmental disasters, natural calamities, or armed conflicts that make it dangerous or impossible to live in one's home country.

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Forced Migration

Migration where individuals are forced to leave their country due to expulsion or other external pressures.

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Refugees

Individuals who cannot live safely in their homeland and have the right to international protection.

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Asylum Seekers

Persons already in the country they wish to reside or at a port of entry, seeking refugee status.

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Human Insecurities

Primary factors that force people to leave their homelands, including economic hardship, political oppression, and social instability.

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Waves of Migration

The influx of people from another country, which can strain resources and lead to social tensions.

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Refugee Camps

Temporary housing for displaced people, often with limited resources and poor living conditions.

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Shared Characteristics

The treatment of refugees is often influenced by shared characteristics between them and the host country, like language and culture.

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Long-Term Refugee Status

Many refugees live for years, even generations, in camps due to the lack of safe returns or integration options.

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Corruption and Refugee Crisis

Corruption within governments and aid organizations can negatively impact refugee populations, especially in conflict zones.

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Burma's International Isolation

The international community's efforts to enforce principles on Burma's government have been ineffective, as sanctions haven't worked and China's support has shielded Burma from international pressure.

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What are the goals of the Global Compact?

The Global Compact aims to promote better ethics, caretaking of the environment, and managing risks effectively.

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What are the key areas of the Global Compact?

The Global Compact has standards that address various areas, including human rights, labor practices, environmental protection, and anti-corruption measures.

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What is the Global Compact?

The Global Compact is an agreement for businesses to follow ethical practices. It involves companies, civil society, and labor groups working together.

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How has global inequality been exacerbated?

Capitalism, colonialism, and the Cold War have resulted in a concentration of power and wealth in core societies, leading to increased inequality among nations.

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What's the global elite class?

The global elite class, formed through interconnected networks and meetings, consistently promotes its own interests.

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Why do states struggle to manage citizens' welfare?

Global economic and political systems make it difficult for states to effectively manage the well-being of their citizens.

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How does technology affect global inequality?

Limited access to technology restricts the development of many societies, contributing to the widening gap between rich and poor nations.

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Global Responsibility

The idea that global institutions and systems should prioritize the well-being of all individuals, particularly those in developing nations, by addressing issues like poverty, inequality, and access to basic needs.

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Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of countries and people through trade, technology, and cultural exchange, resulting in both opportunities and challenges.

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Globalization and Cities

The impact of globalization on the world's cities, including increased urbanization, economic opportunities, and social challenges.

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Inequality

The unequal distribution of wealth, resources, and opportunities within societies. It can be a consequence of economic systems and historical factors.

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Power Dynamics

The ability of nations or groups to exert control or influence through economic, political, or military power, which can impact the development and well-being of other nations.

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Institutional Failures

The challenges faced by traditional institutions and systems in meeting the needs of a changing world, particularly for those in poverty.

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Protection of Individuals

The right of people to be protected from harm or exploitation, regardless of their nationality or origin.

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Corporate Responsibility

The increased focus on the role of corporations in addressing social and environmental issues, recognizing their potential impact on the world.

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Global Cities Index

Reducing qualitative criteria, like cultural production and financial transactions, into numerical rankings.

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Global Cities Indices: Comparison

Each index uses various criteria and weightings to rank cities based on their global influence.

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Ranking Variations

A city's ranking can vary significantly depending on the index used due to differing criteria and scoring methods.

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Urbanization's Impact

Rapid population growth in cities, particularly in developing countries, leads to both opportunities and challenges.

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Benefits of Urbanization

Urbanization can be beneficial, leading to more efficient production and service delivery in areas like healthcare and education.

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Challenges of Urbanization

Urbanization also presents challenges like resource depletion, infrastructure strain, and social inequality, particularly in rapidly growing cities.

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Future of Urbanization

The trend of urbanization is expected to continue increasing, with a projected two-thirds of the global population living in cities by 2050.

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Urban Growth in Developing Nations

The majority of future urban growth will occur in developing countries, presenting both opportunities and challenges for these nations.

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What was the Silk Road?

The Silk Road connected cities along its main arterial routes, forming global markets and connected cities tangential to the road from which people and goods arrived to the markets.

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What do cityscapes reflect?

The physical characteristics of a city reflect its character, the region it resides in, and the nation it belongs to.

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What does a city with run-down public areas and lavish gated communities suggest?

A city with run-down public areas surrounded by lavish private spaces suggests inequality and a divide between rich and poor.

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What message do well-maintained public areas convey?

Well-lighted, clean, and well-kept public areas convey a sense of order, safety, and civic pride.

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What can the architectural mix of a city tell us?

The architectural mix of a city often reflects its history, cultural influences, and economic changes.

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How did industrialization impact cities?

With the rise of industrialization, the center of production and commerce shifted to Europe, leading to rapid city growth.

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What happened to London during the Industrial Revolution?

London's population tripled in 30 years during the Industrial Revolution, becoming the world's largest city and experiencing the challenges of rapid urban growth.

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How have contemporary cities evolved?

Contemporary cities are larger, busier, and more diverse than ever before, reflecting the changing dynamics of global society.

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Study Notes

Globalization: Box 12.17, Consider This: What Is a Legitimate Wage?

  • Some corporations investing in developing countries pay very low wages.
  • The market value for labor in some regions is $0.50-$1.00 per day.
  • Paying $1.50 per day would make developing country products less competitive in the developed market.
  • The entrepreneurial ownership structure of companies isn't always a factor when determining wages.

Acumen and Poverty Alleviation

  • Acumen works with local banks by guaranteeing investments in locally owned enterprises.
  • Their focus is on sustainable and scalable poverty alleviation models.
  • They use market mechanisms but also provide technical advice, networking, and management support.
  • A patient capital approach is key; they favor long-term investments over quick returns.

Migration

  • People migrate for various reasons, often related to economic inequality or escape from persecution based on ethnicity, religion, or political/sexual orientation.
  • Migration can create challenges for host countries due to population pressures and socioeconomic insecurity.
  • Refugees experience extreme economic and social insecurity in host countries.
  • Many groups live as refugees for generations.

Refugees

  • A refugee is someone who cannot live in safety in their homeland due to war, disaster, or persecution.
  • Refugees have a right to international protection.
  • Asylum seekers meet specific criteria, and different from migrants.
  • In 2010, 358,800 people sought asylum.
  • Asylum seekers can be those fleeing religious, political, sexual, or ethnic persecution.
  • Asylum applications can take years.

Refugee Camps

  • Between 2000 and 2009, over 42 million people were uprooted by conflicts or persecution.
  • Large refugee populations exist in many countries, and displacement frequently extends for decades.
  • Refugee camps and conditions can be deplorable and subject to natural disasters, leading to additional hardship.
  • Refugee treatment is influenced by shared characteristics between refugees and host countries.

Seeking Asylum

  • People from various countries seek asylum in specific regions, the most common being North America and Europe.
  • Causes for seeking asylum include religious, ethnic, opposition group, political, and sexual orientation persecution.

Aid and Development

  • The effectiveness of aid for developing nations is debated.
  • One concern is that aid recipients may have to purchase goods from donor countries at inflated prices.
  • Another critique is that aid does not always reach the most vulnerable populations.
  • Some efforts to improve aid effectiveness include targeting aid via local governmental channels.

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Globalization, Migration, and the City PDF

Description

This quiz explores the intricacies of migration, corporate wages in developing countries, and the alternative capitalist approaches of Acumen, Grameen, and Novogratz. Additionally, it addresses key factors influencing refugee experiences and the critiques made by prominent figures like Warren Buffet. Test your understanding of these critical social issues.

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