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Questions and Answers
Which material is considered a good conductor?
Which material is considered a good conductor?
Current electricity consists of electrons that do not move.
Current electricity consists of electrons that do not move.
False
What is the unit symbol for electric current?
What is the unit symbol for electric current?
A
Electricity is the flow of __________.
Electricity is the flow of __________.
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Match the types of current electricity with their characteristics:
Match the types of current electricity with their characteristics:
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Which instrument do we use to measure electric current?
Which instrument do we use to measure electric current?
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Resistance is the tendency of a wire to facilitate the flow of electrons.
Resistance is the tendency of a wire to facilitate the flow of electrons.
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What is the unit of resistance?
What is the unit of resistance?
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Which state of matter has a fixed shape and volume?
Which state of matter has a fixed shape and volume?
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Particles in a gas are tightly packed together.
Particles in a gas are tightly packed together.
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What is the term for the measure of the amount of matter in a given volume?
What is the term for the measure of the amount of matter in a given volume?
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A liquid has _____ shape and a _____ volume.
A liquid has _____ shape and a _____ volume.
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What happens to matter during vaporization?
What happens to matter during vaporization?
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Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
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A substance changes its chemical property when it changes state.
A substance changes its chemical property when it changes state.
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In a gas, particles move _____ and are very far apart.
In a gas, particles move _____ and are very far apart.
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What is the melting point?
What is the melting point?
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Electrical conductivity measures how poorly electric currents move through a substance.
Electrical conductivity measures how poorly electric currents move through a substance.
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What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?
What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?
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A substance that can easily change shapes is said to have _______.
A substance that can easily change shapes is said to have _______.
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Match the following terms to their definitions:
Match the following terms to their definitions:
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Who first organized the periodic table by increasing atomic mass?
Who first organized the periodic table by increasing atomic mass?
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In a neutral atom, the number of protons is not equal to the number of electrons.
In a neutral atom, the number of protons is not equal to the number of electrons.
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What does the atomic number represent?
What does the atomic number represent?
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What is the fundamental property that causes protons and electrons to attract or repel each other?
What is the fundamental property that causes protons and electrons to attract or repel each other?
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A neutral atom has a total charge of zero.
A neutral atom has a total charge of zero.
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What happens to electric charges during conduction?
What happens to electric charges during conduction?
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The buildup of electric charge on an object is known as __________.
The buildup of electric charge on an object is known as __________.
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What is the result of rubbing two objects together?
What is the result of rubbing two objects together?
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Match the terms with their definitions:
Match the terms with their definitions:
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Electric force can only act when two charged objects are in contact with each other.
Electric force can only act when two charged objects are in contact with each other.
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Two objects with __________ charges will repel each other.
Two objects with __________ charges will repel each other.
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What is the effect of distance on electric force between two charged objects?
What is the effect of distance on electric force between two charged objects?
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Static electricity can build up only through the method of conduction.
Static electricity can build up only through the method of conduction.
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Name one example of charging an object by friction.
Name one example of charging an object by friction.
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The process in which charges are transferred between a negatively charged object and a positively charged one is called ______.
The process in which charges are transferred between a negatively charged object and a positively charged one is called ______.
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Match each method of charging with its example:
Match each method of charging with its example:
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What happens to the leaves of an electroscope when a negatively charged object is brought near?
What happens to the leaves of an electroscope when a negatively charged object is brought near?
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What is an electroscope used for?
What is an electroscope used for?
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Conductors allow electric charge to flow easily while insulators do not.
Conductors allow electric charge to flow easily while insulators do not.
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Which of the following is NOT a part of an electric circuit?
Which of the following is NOT a part of an electric circuit?
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The flow of electric current in a circuit is unaffected by the temperature of the conductor.
The flow of electric current in a circuit is unaffected by the temperature of the conductor.
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What is the primary function of a switch in an electric circuit?
What is the primary function of a switch in an electric circuit?
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An electric circuit must form a _______ for electric charges to flow.
An electric circuit must form a _______ for electric charges to flow.
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Match the components of an electric circuit with their functions:
Match the components of an electric circuit with their functions:
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Which type of electric current flows from positive to negative?
Which type of electric current flows from positive to negative?
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In a series circuit, if one component fails, the entire circuit stops functioning.
In a series circuit, if one component fails, the entire circuit stops functioning.
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What is the primary difference between series and parallel circuits?
What is the primary difference between series and parallel circuits?
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Study Notes
Midterm Exam - Study Guide
- This guide covers lessons included in the midterm exam, including the scientific method, matter, changes of state, properties of matter, atoms, the periodic table, ions, electric charge, electric current, and electric circuits.
Lesson 1: Scientific Method
- Definition: A process used to find answers to questions about the world.
- Steps:
- Identify the problem
- Form a hypothesis (educated guess)
- Design an experiment
- Conduct the experiment
- Analyze the data
- Communicate the results
- Variables:
- Independent variable: What is changed in the experiment.
- Dependent variable: What is measured in the experiment.
- Controlled variable: What remains constant.
- Control group: The group that does not receive treatment.
- Experimental group: The group that receives treatment.
Lesson 2: Matter
- Definition: Anything that has mass and takes up space.
- States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas.
- Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases:
- Solids: Particles tightly packed, fixed shape, definite volume, cannot be compressed.
- Liquids: Particles further apart, indefinite shape, fixed volume, can be compressed.
- Gases: Particles very far apart, indefinite shape, indefinite volume, easily compressed.
Lesson 3: Changing States of Matter
- Changing states requires energy.
- Processes: Melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition.
- Melting: Solid to liquid (heat added)
- Freezing: Liquid to solid (heat released)
- Vaporization: Liquid to gas (heat added)
- Condensation: Gas to liquid (heat released)
- Sublimation: Solid to gas (heat added)
- Deposition: Gas to solid (heat released)
Lesson 4: Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
- Physical properties: Properties that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. (e.g., color, density, melting point).
- Chemical properties: Properties that describe how a substance reacts with other substances to form new substances (e.g., flammability, reactivity).
- Physical changes: Changes that affect physical properties but do not change the substance's identity (e.g., cutting, melting).
- Chemical changes: Changes that result in the formation of new substances (e.g., burning, rusting).
Lesson 5: Atoms
- Definition: The smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
- Subatomic Particles: Protons (positive charge), neutrons (neutral charge), and electrons (negative charge).
- Atomic number: Number of protons in an atom.
- Mass number: Number of protons plus neutrons in an atom.
Lesson 6: The Periodic Table: Metals & Non-Metals
- Organization: Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (number of protons), reflecting recurring chemical properties.
- Periods: Horizontal rows on the periodic table.
- Groups: Vertical columns on the periodic table.
- Metals: Found on the left side of the periodic table, typically shiny, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Nonmetals: Found on the right side of the periodic table, often brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity.
- Metalloids: Have properties of both metals and nonmetals, found along the dividing line (zigzag line) on the periodic table.
Lesson 7: Ions
- Definition: An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electric charge.
- Cations: Positively charged ions (formed by losing electrons).
- Anions: Negatively charged ions (formed by gaining electrons).
- Calculating total charge: In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons (total charge = 0).
Lesson 8: Electric Charge and Static Electricity
- Electric force: Force between charged objects.
- Types of charges: Positive and negative.
- Charging methods: Friction, conduction, and induction.
- Static electricity: The buildup of electric charge on an object.
- Static discharge: The release of static electricity.
Lesson 9: Electric Current
- Definition: The rate of flow of electric charges.
- Unit: Ampere (amp).
- Conductors: Materials that allow electric current to flow easily.
- Insulators: Materials that do not allow electric current to flow easily.
- Factors affecting current: Voltage, resistance.
Lesson 10: Electric Circuits
- Definition: A closed path through which electric charges can flow.
- Components: Energy source (battery), conductors (wires), load (device that uses electricity), switch(controls the circuit).
- Types of circuits: Series and parallel.
- Series circuits: A single path for electricity to flow through.
- Parallel circuits: Multiple paths for electricity to flow through (voltage is the same for each load).
- Safety Devices: Fuses, circuit breakers.
- Short circuits: Abnormal connections causing circuit damage, often due to overheating or fire. I
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Description
This study guide provides a comprehensive overview of key scientific concepts for the midterm exam. It includes topics such as the scientific method, properties of matter, states of matter, and basics of electricity including electric charge and circuits. Prepare effectively for your exam with this structured guide.
