Middle East Since 1500

<p>Tiyul or timar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Ottoman Empire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Samuel P. Huntington (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Al-Ghazzali (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a crucial institution for the transmission of Islamic knowledge and jurisprudence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emergence of early Islamic banking practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Seljuks established a strong centralized empire, bringing stability to the region. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A focus on the role of reason and free will in human destiny. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It marked the end of the Abbasid Caliphate and the beginning of a period of fragmentation in the Islamic world. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphasis on intellectual debates and complex theological arguments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He made major contributions to the field of optics through his experiments with light and vision. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Crusades led to a period of intense conflict but also facilitated cultural exchange and the spread of knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The weakness of the Byzantine and Persian Empires, which were both facing internal challenges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Madrasa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Established Shi‘ism as the state religion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Al-Ghazzali (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural and religious differences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They utilized gunpowder technology for expansion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adopted a policy of religious tolerance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arabic numerals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They evolve through interactions and cooperation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It evolved and adapted to different cultures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief in one God and social justice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of major empires like the Seljuks and Ottomans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid territorial expansion and community governance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jafari (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trade, science, and daily life contributions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ottomans ruled over diverse populations with a millet system, while Safavids had religious uniformity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of the Byzantine Empire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arrival of new groups like Turks and Mongols (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strengthened the state, reformed the military, and promoted culture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To recruit Christian boys into military and administrative service. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medicine and astronomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Architectural styles, mathematics, and science (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-governance for religious minorities under their laws. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex relationships marked by coexistence and conflict (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A medieval college for studying religious sciences in Islam.

A renowned Persian polymath known for his works in philosophy and medicine.

An influential Muslim philosopher who commented on Aristotle's works.

A prominent Islamic theologian who contributed to philosophy and mysticism.

Teachings emphasizing monotheism, moral responsibility, and community.

The most famous ruler of the Safavid Empire, known for cultural and military achievements.

A system in the Ottoman Empire allowing religious minorities to govern themselves.

Samuel P. Huntington's theory suggesting cultural conflicts shape global politics.

A foundational medical text by Avicenna that influenced Western medicine.

The number system that originated in the Middle East and is used globally today.

A powerful Islamic empire known for military strength and diverse governance.

Theory proposing that global conflicts arise from cultural and religious differences.

An Indian empire known for its religious tolerance and trade economy.

A mystical Islamic belief system focusing on inner spiritual experience.

Rejects fixed civilizations in conflict, emphasizing cooperation and exchange.

Islamic civilization evolved over time, adapting to various cultures.

Islamic world connected through trade, knowledge, and politics globally.

Turks shaped the Middle East through politics, culture, and economics.

English words like 'algebra' and 'coffee' derive from Arabic origins.

Both were Islamic empires but differed in governance and military strength.

Ottoman practice of recruiting Christian boys for military and administration.

The first four leaders of the Islamic community after Muhammad: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali.

Consolidated Islamic rule and unity after Muhammad's death.

Expanded the Islamic empire through military conquests.

Compiled the Quran, standardizing it for the Muslim community.

Faced internal divisions and conflicts within the Islamic community.

Tax paid by non-Muslims (dhimmis) in exchange for protection and religious freedom.

A legal school emphasizing rationalist and flexible legal reasoning.

Basic principles preached by Muhammad, including monotheism and social justice.

Mainstream Sunni Islam's legal traditions, including Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi‘i, and Hanbali schools.

Twelver and Sevener Shi'ism developed with distinct beliefs during the Abbasid period.

The decline of centralized Abbasid power, leading to new principalities in the Middle East.

Sciences in medieval periods focused on astronomy, medicine, and philosophy, rooted in ancient knowledge.

Cultural and scientific elements the West adopted from the Middle East during medieval and modern times.

Fourteen centuries of coexistence, showcasing shared roots and mutual influence.