Middle Ages and Renaissance Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the important religious ceremonies called?

Sacraments

Who were the warriors in medieval Europe who fought on horseback?

Knights

What was the intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements?

Humanism

In feudal Europe, who controlled land and granted estates to vassals?

<p>Lord</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia called?

<p>Crusades</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Jerusalem and parts of the surrounding area where Jesus lived and taught?

<p>Holy Land</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages?

<p>Black Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease, brought to Europe during the Middle Ages, killed 1/3 of the population and helped end Feudalism?

<p>Bubonic Plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rebirth or revival?

<p>Renaissance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain?

<p>Skepticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is banishment from the church?

<p>Excommunication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the followers of Martin Luther called?

<p>Lutherans</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to declare something invalid?

<p>Annul</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are states whose populations share a sense of national identity, usually including a language and culture, called?

<p>Nation-States</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a 15th century invention which revolutionized the ability to print information, thus affecting the speed of the spread of information itself?

<p>Printing Press</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was an English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers, born in 1564 and died in 1616?

<p>Shakespeare</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was an Italian painter, sculptor, engineer, and inventor, known for creating the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper?

<p>DaVinci</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was an Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect, famous for the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the sculpture of the biblical figure David?

<p>Michelangelo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was a German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press, born in 1400 and died in 1468?

<p>Johann Gutenberg's invention of the printing press revolutionized the dissemination of knowledge and played a crucial role in the cultural and intellectual developments of the Renaissance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease?

<p>Epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for bubonic plague?

<p>Yersinia pestis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe?

<p>Fief</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is a person who received a grant from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services, right under kings in feudal pyramid?

<p>Vassal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an armored warrior who fought on horseback, served beneath the vassals, pledged to defend their lords' lands in exchange for fiefs?

<p>Knight</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate, who could not lawfully leave the place where they were born, what their labor produced belonged to the lord, owed taxes to the lord and the church?

<p>Serf</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the lord's estate?

<p>Manor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion?

<p>Chivalry</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for a body of officials who perform religious services, such as priests, ministers, or rabbis?

<p>Clergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return?

<p>Feudalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What church punishment refused sacraments to individuals and freed vassals from service?

<p>Excommunication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traders, Explorers, and conquerors from Scandinavia who disrupted European rule and trade during the middle ages were known as what?

<p>Vikings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Latin term for "middle ages"?

<p>Medieval</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurred when a vassal would gain a fief in exchange for his military service to the lord?

<p>Feudal Contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Non-religious matters called?

<p>Secular</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the person behind the 95 Theses, posted in 1517, who led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule, and claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion?

<p>Martin Luther</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church, posted on October 31, 1517?

<p>95 Theses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches?

<p>Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin?

<p>Indulgence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the selling of church offices called?

<p>Simony</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator, not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.?

<p>Absolutism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from god called?

<p>Divine Right</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power?

<p>Absolute Monarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique importance of each individual?

<p>Individualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the people who protested against the Roman Catholic Church?

<p>Protestants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, cause, or activity called?

<p>Patron</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the three reasons for European exploration?

<p>Gold, God, Glory</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a Spanish conqueror of the Americas?

<p>Conquistador</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico?

<p>Hernan Cortes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Conquistador who sought gold and justified actions, while spreading Christianity, and conquered the Incas?

<p>Francisco Pizarro</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes early-sixteenth-century Spanish explorers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru?

<p>Conquistadors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a three-way system of trade during 1600-1800s where Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa?

<p>Triangular Trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the middle section of Triangle Trade, a voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies?

<p>Middle Passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages?

<p>Columbian Exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an economic policy where nations try to gather as much gold and silver as possible, done by controlling trade and establishing colonies?

<p>Mercantilism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a smaller, weaker country that is taken over by a bigger, more powerful country?

<p>Colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic?

<p>Caravel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition in which an organism can resist disease?

<p>Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a person sent on a religious mission, esp. one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country?

<p>Missionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the two reasons conquistadors easily conquered native tribes?

<p>Superior weapons and disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What spanned from 1400 to 1600, where Europeans wanted greater access to spices and other products of Asia, wanted to find sea routes to Asia since land routes were controlled by Muslims, and improvements in navigational technology made long sea voyages possible?

<p>Age of Exploration and Discovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal?

<p>Treaty of Tordesillas/Line of Demarcation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the last ruling Inca emperor of Peru, executed by the Spanish?

<p>Atahualpa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ancient civilization (1200-1521AD) that was located in what is present-day Mexico City?

<p>Aztecs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India?

<p>Christopher Columbus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it, resembling the feudal system of the Middle Ages?

<p>Encomienda</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru?

<p>Incas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Mesoamerican civilization of Central America and southern Mexico, known for achievements including mathematics, architecture, and a 365-day a year calendar?

<p>Mayans</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Incan labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations?

<p>Mita</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were Spanish-born people, who came to Latin America, ruled, and were the highest social class?

<p>Peninsulares</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were people of African and European descent called?

<p>Mulattoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lasted from the 16th century until the 19th century, and was the trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas, one part of a three-part economical system known as the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade?

<p>Atlantic Slave Trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Muslim place of worship?

<p>Mosque</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a government ruled by a king or queen?

<p>Monarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a government controlled by religious leaders?

<p>Theocracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them?

<p>Democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a powerful family or group of rulers that maintains its position or power for some time?

<p>Dynasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a government ruled by a few powerful people?

<p>Oligarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What a system of government by one person with absolute power?

<p>Autocracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are church officials called?

<p>Clergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws?

<p>Republic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connected China, India, and the Middle East while trading goods and helping to spread culture?

<p>Silk Road</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

<p>Islam</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the holy book of Islam?

<p>Quran</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the holy book of Christians?

<p>Bible</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the first five books of the Hebrew Bible?

<p>Torah</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus?

<p>Christianity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah?

<p>Judaism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the belief in one God?

<p>Monotheism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the worship of many gods?

<p>Polytheism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a religion based on the teachings of the Buddha?

<p>Buddhism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms?

<p>Hinduism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to add or attach?

<p>Annex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a territory governed as a political district of a country or empire?

<p>Province</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the people from Central Asia, who when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history?

<p>Mongols</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is a member of a people having no permanent abode, and who travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock?

<p>Nomads</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is government in which citizens vote on laws and select officials directly?

<p>Direct Democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the blending of two or more religious belief systems into a new system, or the incorporation into a religious tradition of beliefs from unrelated traditions?

<p>Synchretism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the people who spread throughout Africa spreading agriculture, language, and iron?

<p>Bantu</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state?

<p>City-state</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is group of traveling merchants and animals?

<p>Caravan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sacraments

  • Important religious ceremonies

Knights

  • Medieval European warriors who fought on horseback

Humanism

  • Intellectual movement focusing on human potential and achievements

Lord

  • Feudal European landholder who granted estates to vassals

Crusades

  • Series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia

Holy Land

  • Jerusalem and surrounding area, important to both religions

Black Death

  • Bubonic plague epidemic killing nearly half of western Europe's population during the Middle Ages

Bubonic Plague

  • Infectious disease spread by rats and fleas, decimated populations in Europe, contributing to the end of Feudalism

Renaissance

  • Rebirth or revival; period of renewed interest in art, literature, and learning

Skepticism

  • Philosophical view that nothing can be known for certain

Excommunication

  • Banishment from the church

Lutherans

  • Followers of Martin Luther

Annul

  • To declare invalid

Nation-States

  • Political entities where people share a common national identity

Printing Press

  • 15th-century invention that revolutionized information dissemination

Shakespeare

  • Celebrated English poet and playwright

DaVinci

  • Italian artist, inventor, and engineer (Mona Lisa, The Last Supper)

Michelangelo

  • Italian Renaissance artist (Sistine Chapel ceiling, David statue)

Johann Gutenberg

  • German printer who invented movable type printing

Epidemic

  • Widespread outbreak of a disease

Yersinia pestis

  • Bacteria causing the bubonic plague

Fief

  • Estate granted to a vassal in the feudal system

Vassal

  • Person granted a fief by a lord in exchange for service

Serf

  • Peasant legally bound to a lord's estate

Manor

  • Lord's estate. Economic system based on lord-serf relationship, providing housing, land and protection for labor.

Chivalry

  • Code of conduct for knights emphasizing courage, loyalty, and devotion

Clergy

  • Religious officials (priests, ministers, rabbis)

Feudalism

  • Social system where people worked and fought for nobles in exchange for protection and land use

Vikings

  • Scandinavian traders, explorers, and conquerors affecting European trade

Medieval

  • Latin for "Middle Ages"; a historical period

Feudal Contract

  • Agreement between lord and vassal involving land and service

Secular

  • Non-religious matters

Martin Luther

  • Started the Reformation with the 95 Theses, challenging the Catholic Church

95 Theses

  • Arguments against the Catholic Church by Martin Luther

Reformation

  • Religious movement reforming the Roman Catholic Church

Indulgence

  • Pardon relieving a sinner from punishments for sin

Simony

  • Selling of church offices

Absolutism

  • System of government with absolute ruler power

Divine Right

  • Belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God

Absolute Monarchy

  • Government with a hereditary head of state holding almost total power

Individualism

  • Importance of the individual

Protestants

  • Those opposing the Roman Catholic Church

Patron

  • Financial supporter of an individual, organization, or cause

Causes of Exploration

  • "3 G's": Gold, God, and Glory (wealth, religion, and national competition)

Conquistador

  • Spanish conqueror of the Americas

Hernan Cortes

  • Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec empire

Francisco Pizarro

  • Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca empire

Triangular Trade

  • Trade system involving Europe, Africa, and the Americas (slaves, raw materials, manufactured goods)

Middle Passage

  • Part of the triangular trade carrying enslaved Africans across the Atlantic

Columbian Exchange

  • Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world

Mercantilism

  • Economic policy aiming for maximum gold and silver by controlling trade and establishing colonies

Colony

  • Territory controlled by a more powerful country

Caravel

  • Highly maneuverable three-masted ship used for exploration

Immunity

  • Resistance to a disease

Missionary

  • Person sent on a religious mission

Reasons for Easy Conquest of Native Tribes

  • Superior weapons and disease

Age of Exploration and Discovery

  • Period of European exploration (1400-1600) driven by desire for trade routes to Asia

Treaty of Tordesillas/Line of Demarcation

  • Agreement dividing newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal

Atahualpa

  • Last Inca emperor, executed by the Spanish

Aztecs

  • Mesoamerican civilization located in present-day Mexico City

Christopher Columbus

  • Genoese explorer who mistakenly discovered the Americas

Encomienda

  • Spanish grant of land and labor rights over Native Americans

Incas

  • Andean civilization located in Peru

Mayans

  • Mesoamerican civilization flourishing in Central America and southern Mexico

Mita

  • Incan labor system based on shared obligations

Peninsulares

  • Spanish-born elite in Latin America

Mulattoes

  • People of African and European descent

Atlantic Slave Trade

  • Forced migration of Africans to the Americas during the 16th-19th centuries

Mosque

  • Muslim place of worship

Monarchy

  • Government ruled by a king or queen

Theocracy

  • Government controlled by religious leaders

Democracy

  • System of government where citizens elect representatives

Dynasty

  • Succession of rulers from the same family

Oligarchy

  • Government ruled by a few powerful people

Autocracy

  • System of government by a single person with absolute power

Republic

  • Form of government where citizens select representatives

Silk Road

  • Network of trade routes connecting China, India, and the Middle East

Islam

  • Monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Mohammed

Quran

  • Holy book of Islam

Bible

  • Holy book of Christianity

Torah

  • First five books of the Hebrew Bible

Christianity

  • Religion based on the teachings of Jesus

Judaism

  • Monotheistic religion of the Jews

Monotheism

  • Belief in one God

Polytheism

  • Belief in many gods

Buddhism

  • Religion based on the teachings of the Buddha

Hinduism

  • Religion and philosophy developed in ancient India

Annex

  • To add to or attach

Province

  • Political district of a country or empire

Mongols

  • Central Asian people who created a vast empire

Nomads

  • People with no permanent home

Direct Democracy

  • System where citizens vote directly on laws

Syncretism

  • Blending of different religious belief systems

Bantu

  • Peoples who spread throughout Africa, influencing language and agriculture

City-State

  • Independent city with surrounding territory

Caravan

  • Group of traveling merchants and animals

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Test your knowledge on key events and concepts from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance period. This quiz covers significant topics such as the Crusades, humanism, and the impact of the Black Death on European society. Ideal for history enthusiasts and students studying this transformative era.

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