Literature: Middle Ages and Renaissance

The Battle of Hastings in 1066.

Feudalism was based on economic self-interest and class division, while the Anglo-Saxon system was based on honor and fraternity.

To serve as a peace treaty that protected the rights of the nobility and limited the powers of King John.

<p>England lost its possessions in France, nationalistic identities rose, and English became the main language of all classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Black Death, or bubonic plague.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decrease in population led to a labor shortage, resulting in a rise in wages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was structured around relationships derived from holding land in exchange for service and labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normans continued speaking French while also incorporating Anglo-Saxon, helping to establish modern English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Renaissance was characterized by a 'rebirth' of Classical values in art, literature, and philosophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Studia Humanitatis' or Humanism served as the intellectual basis for the Renaissance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 and declared himself Supreme Head of the Church of England.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elizabeth I officially settled the Church of England's status in 1559, establishing it as a Protestant church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In 1588, England defeated the Spanish Armada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor people lived in simple huts with hard earth floors and straw mattresses, and they had a limited diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gap between the rich and the poor widened significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gambling and football were common forms of entertainment among the poor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary conflict was between the House of Lancaster and the House of York over who should be King of England.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geoffrey Chaucer is known as the 'father of English literature'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ballad is characterized by quatrains and recounts tragic or heroic stories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Literature was heavily influenced by French culture, primarily involving genres like novels and dream visions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of the Tudor dynasty in 1485 marked the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It uses a frame story technique based on a pilgrimage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Writers did not want to write during this period, often due to a lack of inspiration or political turmoil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Henry VII was the monarch who ended the Plantagenet dynasty and established the Tudor dynasty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fears included threats to the social order, crime, potential disease spread by the poor, and landowners giving more to the poor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They could be whipped or even put to death under the Vagabond Acts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>James I was the first monarch called 'King of Great Britain', ascending the throne in 1603.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Charles I was executed for high treason due to his tyrannical rule and conflict during the Civil War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Glorious Revolution resulted in the displacement of James II and the ascension of William III to the throne.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It combined medieval traditions with classical forms, offering entertainment across all social classes and engaging with moral, religious, and political issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, historical chronicles, and sonnets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oliver Cromwell was a leader on the parliamentary side, known for his military leadership and eventual rise to power after the execution of Charles I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The power and grandeur of nature was a significant focus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The start of the Victorian Age marked the end of the Romantic Period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He explored themes of imaginary pasts with heroes facing challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Novels became popular due to their accessibility, serialization, and relatability to everyday life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adaptation of the individual to society was a primary concern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Victorian authors portrayed common people as possessing a form of nobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Much of the poetry focused on themes of children and innocence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social injustice and the struggles of the poor are major themes in Oliver Twist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initially aimed at lower middle classes, the audience shifted to include the upper classes seeking reflection of their own experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poe is considered the father of the detective story, pioneering the genre with his short stories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desire to reflect American experiences and identity following the War of 1812 motivated this literary emergence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Woolf's writing is known for its use of stream of consciousness and exploration of the inner thoughts of characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socialism, communism, fascism, and the Irish republicanism movement significantly rose during this period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edward VIII abdicated to marry Wallis Simpson, leading to his brother George VI ascending the throne.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moby Dick is celebrated for its deep philosophical themes and exploration of the human condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The battle marking the end of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom and beginning of the Norman conquest of England.

A system of governance in England before 1066, based on values like honor and fraternity.

A social and economic system introduced by the Normans, where land ownership was exchanged for service.

A document (1215) limiting the power of the English King and protecting certain rights.

A prolonged conflict between England and France over French territory.

A devastating bubonic plague outbreak (1347-50) killing millions in Europe.

The English language developed through a blend of Anglo-Saxon and Norman French influences.

The plague contributed to labor shortages which, in turn, resulted in rising wages and resentment among the peasantry.

Conflicts in England (1455-1485) between the House of Lancaster and the House of York over the English throne.

English author (1343-1400), considered the father of English literature, known for "Canterbury Tales".

Chaucer's collection of stories (1387-1400), structured around a pilgrimage. It's a portrait of medieval English society and the church.

A narrative song, traditionally passed down orally. Simple, short, and often focuses on tragic, comic, or heroic stories.

Period of European history (1500-1688) marked by renewed interest in classical art, literature, and learning.

English monarch during the Renaissance, famous for his many wives.

English monarch during the Renaissance known for her long reign and strong leadership.

Transition from the end of medieval times into the Renaissance period,marked by changes in English literature.

Royal family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.

The religious, political, and social upheaval in England in the 16th century.

The established Protestant church in England, established by Elizabeth I.

Large population growth coupled with rapid trade and industrial growth, widening the gap between the rich and poor.

England's population more than doubled from 2 million to 4.5 million.

Queen of England from 1837 to 1901, during the Victorian era.

King of England from 1901 to 1910, succeeded Queen Victoria.

King of England from 1910 to 1936, reigned during World War I.

King of England for a short time in 1936, abdicated due to his controversial marriage.

King of England from 1936 to 1952, reigned during World War II.

A political ideology promoting social ownership and control of production, becoming popular in the early 20th century.

Movement during the early 20th century seeking independence for Ireland from British rule.

Laws introduced by Elizabeth I to address poverty and social unrest. They aimed to control the poor, provide aid for the 'impotent,' and punish the 'able-bodied' who refused to work.

Laws passed as part of the Poor Laws, specifically targeting vagrants and those deemed 'able-bodied' but unwilling to work. These acts imposed harsh penalties, including whipping or even death.

The first monarch to be called 'King of Great Britain,' succeeding Queen Elizabeth I. He faced the Gunpowder Plot and supported Puritan migration to America.

The son of James I, Charles I faced growing tensions with Parliament due to his policies and religious beliefs. His execution in 1649 marked the beginning of the English Republic.

A military leader during the English Civil War, Cromwell played a key role in the defeat of Charles I and the establishment of the Republic. He later ruled as Lord Protector.

The return of the monarchy after the death of Cromwell and the brief period of the English Republic. Charles II, son of Charles I, became king.

The largely bloodless replacement of James II by William of Orange and Mary II. This marked a shift in power towards Parliament and Protestantism.

A flourishing period of English theater known for its combination of medieval and classical influences, its entertainment across social classes, and its focus on moral, religious, and political issues. Plays were performed in permanent theaters like The Globe.

A literary movement emphasizing emotion, imagination, nature, and the individual over logic and reason. It celebrated the past, particularly the Middle Ages, and often explored themes of childhood innocence and the beauty of the natural world.

Key Romantic poets include William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Lord Byron. These writers celebrated nature, explored emotions, and challenged conventional ideas about society.

The novel became a dominant literary form in the 19th century, appealing to a growing middle class. Factors contributing to its popularity include easy access through serial publication, escapism from daily life, and relatable stories.

Scott wrote novels set in a fictionalized past, featuring heroic characters and exciting adventures. He emphasized a strong sense of adventure and resilience in the face of challenges.

Austen's novels focused on the lives of the English middle class, exploring themes of social class, marriage, and individual development. She often used humor to critique societal norms.

Victorian novels often dealt with the daily life of the middle class, emphasizing character development and the challenges of adapting to society. Some authors, like Charles Dickens, criticized societal injustices.

Victorian novels served as a mirror to society, reflecting both its triumphs and its flaws. Authors used their stories to explore social issues, ethical dilemmas, and the impact of industrialization on individuals.

Victorian novels offered readers a means to escape from the harsh realities of life in the Victorian era. This escapism played a crucial role in the popularity of the genre, providing comfort and diversion to a broad audience.