Microsoft Excel Formulas

• Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet software used for organizing, analyzing, and storing data.
• Part of the Microsoft Office Suite, used widely in business and personal contexts.

Formulas

• Formulas are expressions that perform calculations on values.
• They begin with an equals sign (=).
• Basic arithmetic operators are addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and exponentiation (^).
• Cell references (A1, B2) include values from specific cells in calculations.
• Functions are predefined formulas that perform specific calculations.
• SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, MAX, and MIN are common functions.
• Formulas can be copied and pasted to apply the calculation to different cells.
• Relative, absolute, and mixed cell references control how cell references change when a formula is copied.
• Relative references (A1) change when copied.
• Absolute references ($A$1) do not change when copied.
• Mixed references ($A1 or A$1) have one part that changes and one part that stays constant.
• Named ranges assign a name to a cell or range of cells, making formulas easier to read and understand.
• Array formulas perform calculations on multiple values simultaneously and return multiple results.
• IF, AND, OR, and NOT are logical functions used to perform conditional calculations.
• VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, INDEX, and MATCH are lookup functions.

Charts and Graphs

• Charts and graphs are visual representations of data.
• They help in understanding trends, patterns, and relationships.
• Common chart types: column, bar, line, pie, scatter plots, and area charts.
• Column charts compare values across categories.
• Bar charts are similar to column charts but display data horizontally.
• Line charts show trends over time.
• Pie charts display the proportions of different categories as percentages of a whole.
• Scatter plots show the relationship between two sets of data.
• Chart elements: titles, axes, legends, data labels, and gridlines.
• These elements can be customized for readability and clarity.
• Data series represents the data being plotted.
• Chart layouts and styles can be used to quickly format charts.
• Sparklines are small charts that fit within a single cell and visually represent data trends.
• Combination charts combine different chart types to display multiple data series in a single chart.

Data Analysis

• Data analysis utilizes Excel tools and functions to extract insights.
• Sorting arranges rows in ascending or descending order based on columns.
• Filtering displays only rows that meet specific criteria.
• Conditional formatting applies formatting to cells based on values or formulas.
• Data validation restricts the type of data that can be entered into a cell.
• Text to columns separates text into multiple columns based on a delimiter.
• Removing duplicates identifies and removes duplicate rows.
• Consolidating data combines data from multiple sources.
• What-if analysis tools help in exploring different outcomes based on changing input values, such as Scenario Manager, Goal Seek, and Data Tables.
• Scenario Manager creates and saves different scenarios with varying input values.
• Goal Seek finds the input value needed to achieve a desired result.
• Data Tables show the impact of one or two input variables on a formula.
• Descriptive statistics offer summary measures such as mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance.
• Histograms display the distribution of data values.
• Regression analysis examines the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
• Sampling selects a subset of data for analysis.
• PivotTables are used for advanced data analysis.

Pivot Tables

• PivotTables are interactive tables that summarize and analyze large datasets.
• PivotTables allow users to quickly group, filter, and calculate data in different ways.
• PivotTable fields are rows, columns, values, and filters.
• Rows and columns define how data is grouped.
• Values specify the calculations to be performed (sum, average, count).
• Filters allow displaying only specific subsets of data.
• Calculated fields are custom formulas that can be added to a PivotTable.
• Slicers are visual filters for easy data filtering.
• PivotCharts are charts based on PivotTable data.
• Grouping combines multiple items into categories.
• Refreshing a PivotTable updates the data to reflect changes in the source data.
• Report filters provide a high-level filter.
• Value field settings allow customizing how values are calculated and displayed.
• Show Values As options provide different ways to display values, such as percentages or differences from a base value.

Macros

• Macros automate sequences of commands to perform repetitive tasks.
• Macros are written in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).
• Macros can be recorded using the Macro Recorder.
• The VBA Editor is used to write and edit macros.
• Modules are containers for VBA code.
• Sub procedures are blocks of code that perform specific tasks.
• Variables are used to store data within a macro.
• Loops (For...Next, Do...While) are used to repeat a block of code multiple times.
• Conditional statements (If...Then...Else) are used to execute code based on specific conditions.
• Objects (Workbooks, Worksheets, Cells, Ranges) represent elements.
• Properties are attributes of objects (Name, Value, Address).
• Methods are actions that can be performed on objects (Open, Close, Select).
• Event handlers are macros that run automatically when a specific event occurs (opening a workbook, changing a cell value).
• UserForms are custom dialog boxes that can be used to collect input from users.
• Debugging tools help in identifying and fixing errors in macros.
• Digital signatures can be used to verify the authenticity of a macro.
• Macro security settings control whether macros are allowed to run.
• Protecting VBA code prevents unauthorized users from viewing or modifying the code.