Microscopy Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a bright-field microscope?

  • To darken images against a light background
  • To create color images of specimens
  • To heat specimens for observation
  • To magnify objects for visibility (correct)

What is the function of the ocular lens in a compound light microscope?

  • It magnifies the image further for the viewer (correct)
  • It adjusts the distance between the objective lenses
  • It illuminates the specimen
  • It focuses light through the specimen

Which of the following is true regarding temporary slides?

  • They are used exclusively for living specimens
  • They are designed to last indefinitely
  • They typically last only for one laboratory period (correct)
  • They are permanent commercial slides

Which of the following is the correct way to carry a compound light microscope?

<p>With both hands, one on the arm and the other under the base (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to clean the lenses of a microscope?

<p>Lens paper only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How far should a microscope be placed from the edge of a worktable?

<p>At least 10 cm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the ocular lenses in binocular microscopes?

<p>They allow interpupillary adjustment for comfort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should you avoid touching the lenses of a microscope with your fingers?

<p>Fingers can attract oils and dust that may scratch the lens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the objective lenses in a microscope?

<p>To focus light onto the specimen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature differentiates the substage diaphragm from the condenser in a microscope?

<p>Diaphragm adjusts light but does not focus, while the condenser does (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an iris diaphragm improve the image quality of a specimen?

<p>By regulating light and enhancing contrast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might some microscopes have a mechanical stage?

<p>To allow precise movement of the slide for better viewing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the magnification detail typically stamped on the objective lenses?

<p>The magnification power of the lens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the body tube play in a microscope?

<p>It serves as the path for light to travel to the ocular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which objective lens would typically provide the highest magnification?

<p>Oil immersion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rotating the nosepiece on a microscope?

<p>To select different objective lenses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a safety rule that students must follow in the laboratory?

<p>Students can conduct unauthorized experiments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is essential before using the microscope?

<p>Prepare wet-mount slides. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should students avoid touching their eyes, mouth, or skin before washing their hands?

<p>It can lead to ingestion of contaminants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should students do immediately following any culture or reagent spills?

<p>Inform the instructor and classmates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the microscope is most crucial for focusing on a specimen?

<p>The objective lens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done with all used culture tubes and glass slides at the end of each lab session?

<p>They must be placed at designated areas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using the stereo microscope, what is one reason it is preferred over a compound light microscope?

<p>It offers a three-dimensional view of the specimen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical action regarding the gas burners during lab sessions?

<p>Turn them off when not in use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if your specimen is not coming into focus easily?

<p>Move the slide slightly left and right. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should you never go back to the 10x or 40x objectives after applying oil to a specimen?

<p>Oil can ruin the lower power objectives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in storing a light microscope properly?

<p>Clean the optical parts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using a stereo microscope, what should you expect when focusing on a 3-D specimen?

<p>Only the main feature can be focused clearly at one time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of eliminating air bubbles from a microscope slide?

<p>To ensure a clear and unobstructed view of the specimen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a stereo microscope compared to a compound light microscope?

<p>It provides a 3-D image. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is essential when preparing a wet-mount slide to avoid trapping air bubbles?

<p>Slowly lower the cover slip onto the slide's edge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adjusting the diaphragm or transformer voltage regulator when using a compound light microscope?

<p>To adjust the light intensity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the specimen is not in focus after switching to a higher objective on a compound light microscope?

<p>Use the coarse adjustment knob followed by the fine adjustment knob. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is suggested for cleaning the oculars and objectives of a microscope?

<p>Use lens paper. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During microscopy, what does it mean if your microscope is parfocal?

<p>The focus will not change when switching objectives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in using a compound light microscope after preparing the specimen?

<p>Put the scanning (4X) objective in position. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to clean the microscope's oculars and objectives?

<p>To avoid obstructed views and ensure clear imaging. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by parfocality in microscopes?

<p>The adjustment of objective lenses to keep specimens in focus when switched. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does resolution power refer to in microscopy?

<p>The ability to distinguish between small objects that are close together. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the working distance in microscopy?

<p>It is the distance between lens and specimen when the image is focused. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is immersion oil used with the 100x oil immersion objective?

<p>To eliminate refraction of light when moving between glass and oil. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of a stereo microscope?

<p>It provides low magnification ranges from 5x to 100x. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the working distance at higher magnifications?

<p>It decreases, leading to a closer proximity to the specimen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the objective lens with the highest magnification power?

<p>It requires immersion oil for optimal performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does light refraction affect the quality of the image in microscopy?

<p>It decreases the clarity and resolving power of the image. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Compound Light Microscope

A microscope that uses visible light to illuminate a specimen, magnifying it through lenses.

Parts of a Microscope

A compound light microscope consists of an objective lens, ocular lens, stage, condenser, illuminator, fine and coarse adjustment knobs, and other supporting structures.

Objective Lens

The lens closest to the specimen, responsible for magnifying the image.

Ocular Lens

The lens closest to the eye, responsible for further magnification.

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Wet-Mount Slide

A temporary slide preparation where a specimen is mounted in a drop of liquid, usually water, and covered with a coverslip.

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Oil Immersion Lens

A high-power objective lens that uses immersion oil to improve resolution and clarity of the image.

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Stereo Microscope

A microscope that creates a three-dimensional image of a specimen, often used for viewing larger objects or dissecting.

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Resolution

The ability of a microscope to distinguish between two closely spaced objects.

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Bright-field microscope

A type of microscope that uses visible light to illuminate a specimen, creating a dark image against a bright background.

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Interpupillary adjustment

Adjusting the spacing between the ocular lenses to match the distance between your eyes.

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Temporary slide

A slide prepared quickly for short-term observation, used for one laboratory period.

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Permanent slide

A slide prepared for long-term use, commercially made and durable.

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Magnification

The ability of a microscope to enlarge an image of a specimen.

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Total Magnification

The overall magnification of a microscope, calculated by multiplying the magnification of the objective lens by the magnification of the eyepiece.

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Parfocality

The ability of a microscope to keep the specimen in focus when switching between different objective lenses.

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Resolution Power

The ability of a microscope to distinguish between two closely spaced objects.

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Working Distance

The distance between the objective lens and the specimen when in focus.

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Refractive Index

The measure of how much light bends when passing from one medium to another.

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Immersion Oil

A special oil used with high-power objective lenses to improve image clarity by reducing light refraction.

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Dissecting Microscope

Another name for Stereo Microscope, used for close examination of larger objects.

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Body Tube

The part of the microscope connecting the objective lens to the ocular lens. It transmits the magnified image from the objective to the ocular.

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Rotating Nosepiece

A rotating mechanism attached to the body tube that holds multiple objective lenses. It allows you to switch between different magnifications quickly.

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Stage

The platform where the microscope slides are placed for viewing. It may have clips to hold the slide or be movable (mechanical stage) for precise positioning.

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Stage Aperture

The centrally located opening on the stage that allows light from the light source to pass through the specimen.

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Diaphragm

A device located under the stage that regulates the amount of light passing through the specimen, controlling contrast and image clarity.

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Condenser

A group of lenses located under the stage that focuses light onto the specimen, improving the illumination and sharpness of the image.

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Why keep microscope away from edge?

To prevent accidental falls or damage to the microscope, ensuring its longevity and safe use.

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Why hold slides by edges?

To avoid smudging fingerprints on the slide's surface, which can interfere with the clarity of the image observed under the microscope.

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Why use lens paper once?

To prevent scratches on the objective lenses caused by dirt or debris left on the paper from previous uses.

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Avoiding air bubbles in slides

Air bubbles trapped under the coverslip can distort the image, hindering clear observation of the specimen.

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Oil immersion lens care

Oil immersion lenses require careful cleaning with lens paper after use to prevent damage to the lens and other objective lenses.

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Stereo Microscope: 3D View

A microscope that uses two separate lenses to create a three-dimensional image, offering a depth perception of the specimen.

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Compound Light Microscope: 2D Image

A microscope that uses a single lens system to magnify and illuminate a specimen, creating a two-dimensional image.

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Wet-Mount Slide: Temporary Prep

A slide where a specimen is placed in a drop of liquid, usually water, and covered with a coverslip, allowing for a temporary observation.

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Scanning Objective (4X): First Look

The lowest-power objective lens, providing an initial, low-magnification view of the specimen.

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Low-Power Objective (10X): Closer View

An objective lens with a higher magnification than the scanning lens, providing a more detailed view of the specimen.

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Focusing: Bringing it into Sharpness

The process of adjusting the distance between the objective lens and the specimen to create a clear and focused image.

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Diaphragm: Controlling Light

A part of the microscope that regulates the amount of light passing through the specimen, affecting image brightness and contrast.

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Parfocal: Staying in Focus

A microscope is considered parfocal if the specimen remains in focus even after switching between different objective lenses.

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Study Notes

Microbiology Laboratory 0490-105 - Safety Rules

  • Lab coats required during lab sessions
  • Long hair must be tied back to prevent fire hazards
  • No mouth pipetting allowed
  • Students to be informed of safety equipment locations at the start of the semester
  • Unauthorized or unsupervised experiments are prohibited
  • No eating or drinking permitted in the lab
  • Hand washing required at the end of each lab session
  • Avoid touching eyes, mouth, or skin before hand washing
  • Working areas must be cleaned and sterilized before and after use
  • All lab accidents must be reported to the instructor immediately
  • Culture or reagent spills must be cleaned up by the instructor only
  • Cultures and other materials cannot be removed from the lab without permission.

Microbiology Laboratory 0490-105 - Safety Rules (cont.)

  • Accidents involving blood (e.g., cuts) must be reported immediately.
  • All culture tubes and plates must be placed in their designated areas at the end of each lab session
  • Used cultures, pipettes, tubes and glass slides must be disposed of at appropriate locations
  • Gas burners must be turned off when not in use

Microscopy (Practical 1)

  • Light microscopy is a common tool in biology used to view small objects
  • Microscopes magnify objects to make them visible to the naked eye
  • Compound light microscopes use a light source and multiple lenses to magnify images
  • Objective lenses magnify a specimen's image, while eyepieces further magnify the image
  • Specimens can be prepared as temporary or permanent slides for observation
  • Temporary slides are used for single viewing sessions; permanent slides can be reused

Microscopy (Practical 1) - Parts of the Microscope

  • Ocular Lenses: The lenses you look through
  • Body Tube: Light travels from the objectives to the oculars. It may include prisms
  • Objective Lenses: Attached to a rotating nosepiece; various magnifications (scanning, low, high, immersion)
  • Stage: The surface where microscope slides are placed; with or without clips for holding the slide.
  • Diaphragm: Adjustable opening that controls the light passing through the specimen
  • Condenser: A lens system that focuses light onto the specimen
  • Light Source or Illuminator: A light source built into the base of the microscope

Microscopy (Practical 1) - Parts of the Microscope (cont.)

  • Coarse & Fine Adjustment Knobs: Used for focusing the image.
  • Field of View (FOV): The area visible through the eyepiece; decreases in size with increasing magnification.
  • Magnification: Calculated by multiplying the magnification of the objective lens and the eyepiece
  • Parfocality: Allows for rapid adjustment to different objective lenses without compromising specimen focus.
  • Resolution: The ability of the objective lens to distinguish between close objects

Microscopy (Practical 1) - Using the Oil Immersion Lens

  • The 100x oil immersion objective offers high magnification and clarity
  • Specialized oil (refractive index similar to glass) is placed on the specimen to minimize light loss and distortion during image formation.

Microscopy (Practical 1) - Stereo Microscope

  • Used for low-magnification observation of larger specimens
  • Provides a 3D image, unlike the 2D view of a compound light microscope
  • Commonly used to examine macroscopic specimens or microbial cultures

Lab Activities

  • Cleaning the microscope (using lens paper and a solvent)
  • Preparing microscope slides (wet mount, adding water, specimen and cover slip)
  • Focussing the microscope using the appropriate knobs
  • Adjusting the light intensity using the diaphragm or illuminator (focus on the specimen)
  • Using different objective levels to view the image
  • Using the oil immersion objective lens to achieve maximum resolution and clarity
  • Removing oil carefully after use
  • Using the stereo microscope
  • Proper storage of microscopes

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